Objective:To probe the implement of inquiry -based teaching in nursing ethics. Method:105 nursing students attended the innovation of inquiry-based teaching for Nursing Ethics. Results:88. 5% nursing students satisfied with innovation of teaching;82 . 9% nursing studentsethics awareness was enhanced largely in understanding for nursing ethics;68 . 6% nursing students considered that their ability for ethical thinking has been enhanced largely;93 . 3% nurs-ing students thought that nursing ethics was important. Different inquiry methods for nursing students led to different level of analysis ability for ethic cases(P﹤0. 001). Conclusions:It's necessary to perform the innovation of inquiry-based teaching, promoting the student's activity, focus on learning process and enhancing the students comprehensive ability.

Objective:To explore the possibility and methods of surgical treatment(ST) for huge primary liver cancer(HPLC).Methods:The clinical data of 86 HPLC were analyzed retrospectively and the main challenges as well as their counter measures during ST are concluded.Results:Among the 86 cases,there were 10 cases which complicated with portal vein(PV),and 5 cases with IVC thrombus respectively;there were 76 cases with HBV cirrhosis,2 HCV cirrhosis,there were 60 and 26 cases of primary and secondary hepatectomy in which included regular right(9 cases),left hemihepatectomy(8 cases)and combined hepatectomy(69 cases).Six cases received PV embolism before surgery.There were 10 and 5 cases of cancer thrombus extraction from PV and IVC respectively.In this group,81 patients were cured,and the perioperative mortality was 5.8%(5/86).The postoperative one—year survival rate for the patients was 77.9%.Conclusions:ST for HPLC is safe and acceptable.Full of preoperative assessment,careful intraoperative exploration,and surgical skill played a key roles.

Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of diabetic mellitus,but its pathogenesis is still unclear.Adiponectin may restrain inflammatory reaction and reduce adhesion of vascular endothelial cell to influence diabetic microangiopathy.Relation between adiponectin and nitric oxide synthase (NOS)is less reported.Objective This study was to observe the effect of adiponectin on the expression of NOS in the retinas of diabetic rats.Methods Forty 8-10 weeks Sprague-Dawley (SD) female rats were collected.The rats were randomized into the normal control group (10 rats),adiponectin group (15 rats) and diabetic model control group (15 rats) using the random number table method.Tetraoxypyrimidine was intraperitoneally injected to establish the diabetic model in the rats of the adiponectin group and diabetic model control group,and 10 μg/kg of adiponectin was then injected into the rats of the adiponectin group.Western blot was used to detect the expression of the adiponectin protein in the rat retinas,and the expression of NOS in rat retina was located by immunochemistry.The use of the animals complied with the Regulations for the Administration of Affairs Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission.Results The relative amount of adiponectin (adiponectin/β-actin)in the retinas was 0.85 ± 0.21,0.79 ± 0.17 and 0.42 ± 0.08,respectively,in the normal control group,adiponectin group and diabetic model control group,with significant differences among the 3 groups (F =4.236,P =0.000).The adiponectin/β-actin ratio in the retinas of the diabetic model control group was significantly declined in comparison with the normal control group and adiponectin group (q =6.615,P =0.000 ; q =6.026,P =0.000).The NOS levels (A value) in the retinas were 0.244 ± 0.035,0.262 ± 0.032 and 0.367 ± 0.066,respectively,in the normal control group,adiponectin group and diabetic model control group,showing a significant difference among them (F =3.752,P =0.001).The A value of NOS in the diabetic model control group was significantly increased in comparison with the normal control group and adiponectin group (q =3.488,P =0.002 ; q =3.079,P =0.005).NOS expression was localized to the inner nuclear layer and retinal ganglion cell layer.Conclusions Adiponectin reduces NO content in diabetic rat retinas by regulating NOS expression.

Objective Establish rabbit VX2 soft tissue tumor model,and treat it with percutaneous ethanol injection(PEI)under the guidance of magnetic resonance imaging.Make ready for the therapeutic evaluation with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Methods Fifteen healthy New Zealand white rabbits were included in this study.0.2 mL tumor tissue suspensions were injected into the rabbits’posterior limb.14 days later,all rabbits were underwent conventional MRI examination.PET were performed to all the tumors under the guidance of MRI in the next day of the examination.T2 WI was used as guidance and monitoring means.MR com-patible puncture needle with lateral hole was stabed into the lesion center,and inj ected anhydrous ethanol according to the volume of tumors’diameter (1 mL/cm )slowly.the tumors signal characteristics,morphological feature and pathological feature were ob-served pre and post-operation.Results All of the 1 5 rabbits were established soft tissue tumor model successfully;the success rate is 100%.The tumors were oval or round,3-4 cm in diam.MRI scanning showed low signal on T1 WI and high signal on T2 WI be-fore PEI.PEI was performed to all the tumors under the guidance of MR successfully with 3.5 mL ethanol injected into the tumors in average.T2 WI could monitor the ethanol in dispersion and distribution within the tumors clearly.Histologically,tumors were composed of large,uniform,oval/round cells arranged in solid nests which was intensive in the periphery of tumors.Necrosis tissue was apparent in the center of the tumors.10 days after operation,most tissue in the periphery of tumors was coagulative necrosis , only a few tumor cells left.Ranges of necrosis in the tumors center were obviously increased compared with pre-operation.Conclusion Rabbit VX2 tumor of soft tissue model is suitable for the therapeutic evaluation of tumor .It is an animal model which has the characteristic of simple to operate and high rate of suc-cessful.MR T2 WI can monitor the ethanol in dispersion and distribution within the tumors clearly.It is a good guidance and monitoring imaging method of tumor ablation.

This paper discusses the development and utilization of the TCM literature. Ancient records involved the knowlcdgc of Chinese drug efficacy of single herb development, the formula development, the treatment technology and experience for reference, traditional Chinese medicine knowledge of modern literature records screening, famous doctors of traditional Chinese medicine experience finishing, the patent document technology transfers, the implementation of standard literature and the use of medical record data analysis.Suggestions on strengthening bibliography compilation and arranging of TCM literatures were put forward.

As an important segment in the talents' cultivation of medical English major,practical education assumes a positive role in promoting the students' unity of knowing and doing,upgrading their professional kills and improving comprehensive qualities.Taking English major (medical English direction) of Chongqing medical university as an example,the present study attempts to discuss the forms and contents of the practical education,along with the fruitful achievements,in view of students'interests,community service,horizon expanding as well as job hunting and further study pursuing.In addition,some reflections and measures are presented to further boost the practical education.

Objective:To study the spatial and temporal features of p roliferating vessels during mandibular distraction osteogenesis. Methods :Bilateral mandibles of twelve adult goats were lengthened by 10 mm wit h a custom-made distractor at 1 mm/d, two animals were killed at each intervals . Two additional goats were used as normal control. SEM microvascular corrosion casting was used to examine the spatial and temporal features of proliferative v essels within distraction gap. Results:During distraction perio d, numerous vessels from bone marrow and periosteum were regenerated into distra ction gap and began to form vascular network. In the early phase of fixation per iod, the orientation of vein sinus was in accord with distraction orientation. A long with the time, more vessles were connected, regeneration of vessels vanishe d, and the vascular system within distraction gap became more mature.Con clusion:Angiogenesis during DO is closely related to the osteogenesis; the blood supply of new bone in distraction gap is from both bone marrow and per iosteum.

[Objective] To explore the relationship between brittle diabetes and yin fire, so as to more comprehensively understand fragile diabetes from TCM, broaden the clinical diagnosis and treatment, and improve the clinical curative effect. [Methods] The theory of yin-fire theory was summarized, and the relationship between brittle diabetes and yin-fire was expounded from the aspects of academic origin, pathological basis, clinical manifestation and so on, proposed treatment principles and prescriptions.[Result] The yin fire theory originated from Nei Jing. Yin and yang do not rise, wet muddy bets, endogenous fire, the fire is too weak. Fever is the reason for the formation of diabetes, Yin fire is an important reason for fluctuations in blood sugar; brittle diabetes expelling Bu Zhong Yi Qi, lifting fine, Xie Yin fire, from Dongyuan Qingshu Yiqi Decoction to the treatment of fragile diabetes sugar made a good effect. [Conclusion] The theory of yin fire has important practical significance for diabetes, especially brittle diabetes. It is a new idea and method to treat brittle diabetes by the thought and method.

[Objective]To establish animal model of avascular necrosis of the femoral head in rabbits induced by glucocorti-coid, to further investigate the pathogenesis of glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis.[Method]Twenty NewZealand white rabbitswere used and randomly divided into two groups.Group A was injected with horse serum and prednisone. Group B was used asthe control.The concentration of TNF-?was measured by ELISA in rabbits serum of group A and group B.Femoral head speci-mens were studied by histopathologic examination and the expression of VEGF by immunohistochemical examination.[Result]The concentration of TNF-?in rabbits serum of group A was higher than that of group B(P

[Objective]To study the neurologic criterion and curative effect facts of cervical spondylotic myelopathy.[Method]A prospective study was carried out and 21 cases of cervical spondylotic myelopathy were involved in this investigation to be classified by Nurick grade,JOA score and 40 cent classification.The possibility curative effect facts were analysed.[Result]The patients were followed up for average 11 months.Spinal cord function score were improved by 2~3 grades according to Nurick grade;1～6 cent to JOA score and 7~12 cent to 40 cent postoperation.Height of vertebral,cervical lordosis,centrum posterior decompression being unenough,excess height of centrum were curative effect facts of cervical spondylotic myelopathy.[Conclusion]Nurick classify allow even more contrast,but unsuit to some Cervical spondylotic myelopathy,JOA is simple and convenit,efficienf and across-the-aboard;40 cent assess measure is impersonality but cockamamie.Height of vertebral and centrum posterior decompression being unenough are most important facts about surgery.