Objective:To observe the efficacy of microcapsules to prolong islet xenografts survival in mice.Methods:Human fetal pancreatic islets were isolated from the embryo which was obtained from legal abortion(gestational age 16～24 weeks) with collagenase and enclosed in semipermeable alginate BaCl 2 capsules.Diabetic BALB/ C mice induced with streptozotocin were divided into 3 groups.Each group had 7 mice.Then transplantation was performed.Results:Transplantation of 1000?100 encapsulated fetal islets into the peritoneal cavities of 7 BALB/ C mice restord normalglycemia for 78.4?21.27 days without immunosuppression.The second group of 7 diabetic mice received an equal number of uncultured pancreatic fragments.These unprotected xenografts were functional for only 7.43?3.42 days,but high mortality occured.There was significant differences between the two groups(P

To discuss the availability of evaluation on the dissolution studies of the multicomponents in traditional Chinese medicine, the in vitro dissolution of total composition of the tablet of rhizomes of Ligusticum chuanxiong components and its correlation with the in vivo were studied by the method of area under the absorbance-wavelength curve (AUAWC). Taken the tablet of rhizomes of Ligusticum chuanxiong components which is composed of sodium ferulate and ligustrazine hydrochloride as subject model, the dissolution tests were carried out with basket method. The plasma concentrations of tablets in different rats were determined by AUAWC at different interval times. The in vivo absorption percentage was calculated by Wagner-Nelson equation to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo correlation. According to the results, the cumulative dissolution in vitro of total composition of tablets of rhizomes of Ligusticum chuanxiong components at 60 min was 90.65% in water by AUAWC. The in vivo pharmacokinetics is fitted with an one-compartment model. The linear equation based on the cumulative dissolution rate (fr) and absorption percentage (fa) at 5, 10, 20, 30 and 60 min was fa = 0.819 7 fr+0.183 and the correlation coefficient was 0.959 5, which showed a good correlation between the in vitro dissolution and the in vivo absorption percentage. The method of AUAWC can be used accurately, feasibly and conveniently to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo correlation of total composition of tablets of rhizomes of Ligusticum chuanxiong components, which will provide better guidance to study the in vitro and in vivo correlation of sustained release preparation etc under complex system of traditional Chinese medicine in the future.
Animals ; Coumaric Acids ; chemistry ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Ligusticum ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Solubility ; Tablets

BACKGROUND: Traditional solid bone can not receive satisfied effects in repairing irregular bone defects in oral maxillofacial surgery due to uneven distribution of cells and growth factors. Therefore, it is a research direction to prepare injectable tissue engineering bone.OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of chitosan/β-tricalcium phosphate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2(CS/β-TCP/rhBMP-2) composite on mandibular defect repair.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A randomized controlled animal experiment. The experiment was performed atthe animal laboratory, Medical College of Jinnan University from May 2008 to March 2009.MATERIALS: The injectable tissue engineering bone was prepared by using complex of liquid CS and solid β-TCP as scaffold materials, and combined with freeze-dried rhBMP-2.METHODS: Twenty-four New Zealand white rabbits were prepared for double sides mandibular defect models, and randomized into 4 groups: ①CS/p-TCP/rhBMP-2 group: 1 mL CS/β-TCP/rhBMP-2 complex was injected into the defects.②CS/β-TCP group:0.5 mL CS/β-TCP complex was injected into defects. ③Autograft bone group: repairing the defects with sclerotin of the iliac crest.④Blank control group: no implantation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: At weeks 2, 4 and 8 after surgery, the material degradation and new bone formation were evaluated with, haematoxylin-eosin staining, and electron microscope; the bone mineral density was detected by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to determine bone formation rate and quality.RESULTS: ①Gross observation demonstrated that the size and thickness of osteotylus in CS/β-TCP/rhBMP-2 group was equivalent with the autograft group, which were greater than that of the other groups.②Histologicalobservation demonstrated that there were more bone matrixes in the CS/β-TCP/rhBMP-2 group and autograft group than that in the CS/β-TCP group and blank control group at each time points. ③Scanning electron microscope image suggested that at 8 weeks after operation, the bone bed and the materials in CS/β-TCP/rhBMP-2 group were connected with bone, and the gap was diminished. The degradation of the materials was so obvious that the complete structure of materials could not be found. ⑤DXA detection appealed that the bone density of each group was gradually increased with time prolonged. The quantities of bone density in CS/β-TCP/rhBMP-2 group in weeks 2, 4 and 8 were significantly higher than CS/β-TCP group and blankcontrol group (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: ①CS/β-TCP/rhBMP-2 has good biocompatibility, degradability and the capacity of bone guidance and bone induction. ②CS/β-TCP can be served as a promising carrier for BMP-2, which is a potential degradable biological material for repairing bone defects.

Tolvaptan is a novel oral selective arginine vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist.Tolvaptan improves heart failure signs and symptoms without serious adverse events.Tolvaptan has no effect on all-cause mortality and cardiovascular death or admission rate for heart failure.But in heart failure patients with hyponatremia,tolvaptan can decrease cardiovascular death and admission rate for heart failure.

BackgroundResearch demonstrated that vitamin D3 mediated by its receptor has the potent nonclassical effects,including immunomodulatory,antiinflammatory,and neuroprotective properties,and it can enhance the secretion and sensitivity of insulin and therefore down-regulate hyperglycemia and attenuate the corneal edema.ObjectiveThe present study was to investigate the protective effect of vitamin D3on ocular structure in experimental diabetic rat.Methods Twenty-two healthy SPF C57BL/6 rats were randomly divided into vitamine D3 group (8 rabbits),diabetic control group ( 11 rabbits) and normal control group ( 3 rabbits).2％ streptozotocin ( STZ,175 mg/kg)was intraperitoneally injected to create the diabetic models in the rats of the vitamine D3 group and diabetic control group.Blood glucose was examined for 3 times in the third day after STZ injection,and the rats with the blood glucose concentration ＞16.7 mmol/L was identified as the successful diabetic models.After modeling,the rat tail blood was collected for the monitoring of blood glucose.Two weeks after modeling,vitamine D3 was intraperitoneally injected in each week for 5 times.The fundus was examined using direct ophtalmoscope,and the eyeballs were obtained under the excessive anesthesia for the measurement of thickness of the central cornea,retina and choroids by histopathological examination once a week for 7 weeks after administration of vitamin D3.The administration of the animals complied with the Statement of ARVO.ResultsThe corneal edema appeared with the corneal thickness of (339.14± 11.13) μm in the first week and gradually attenuated with time elapse after modeling in the diabetic group ( F =382.446,P =0.000).The corneal thickness values were significantly decreased from the second week through the seventh week in the vitamin D3 group compared with diabetic control group(P＜0.05).The atrophy of the corneal epithelium was found from the fifth week to the seventh week in diabetic control group,but that in vitamin D3 group was slight (P＜0.05).The gradually thinning of the choroids was seen from the first week to the seventh week in the diabetic control group ( F =437.411,P =0.000 ),however,the thickness values in the vitamin D3 group were significantly increased in comparison with the diabetic control group in various time points (P＜0.05).The retina thickness was gradually reduced during the seven-week duration in the diabetic control group (F =91.859,P =0.000),but no significant change was identified in retina thickness in the vitamin D3 group(P＞0.05).ConclusionsVitamin D3 has prevent and therapeutic effects on experimental diabetic oculopathy.

0.05).The duration of pupil contraction in experimental group(54.78?4.52 hours)was longer than that in control group(21.33?2.28 hours)(P

Hedgehog signaling pathway is a conserved and important signaling pathway involved in proliferation and differentiation of many types of cells. Latest studies have found that Hedgehog signaling pathway may induce MSCs osteoblast differentiation by increasing the expression of the Runx2 and Osx and inhibit MSCs differentiate to adipocyte. Hedgehog signaling pathway may also promote osteoblast proliferation by regulating cyclin. This review summarizes the mechanism that Hedgehog signaling pathway regulates osteoblast differentiation and proliferation,and concludes that Hedgehog signaling pathway can regulate bone metabolism. It might provide new ideas for the treatment of osteoporosis.
Cell Differentiation ; Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit ; genetics ; physiology ; Hedgehog Proteins ; physiology ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Osteoblasts ; cytology ; Osteoporosis ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Signal Transduction ; physiology ; Sp7 Transcription Factor ; Transcription Factors ; genetics ; physiology

ObjectiveTo evaluate the iodine nutritional status of university students in Tianjin and analyze influencing factors affecting urinary iodine levels.MethodsStudents of Tianjin Medical University,Tianjin Nankai University,Tianjin University of Finance and Economics and Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were selected as survey subjects,and 50 - 100 morning urinary samples were collected from each university,respectively.Urinary iodine was measured by arsenic-cerium catalytic spectrophotometry.The students were surveyed with questionnaires,which included family information,age, sex, specialty, iodine nutrition knowledge,source of drinking water,smoking or not and dietary habits.ResultsA total of 269 urine samples were collected,and the median urinary iodine was 213.68 μg/L.Urinary iodine levels(263.86 μg/L) of medical students was significantly higher than that( 168.01 μg/L,x2 =12.144,P ＜ 0.01 ) of non-medical students.There was an increasing trend of the level of urinary iodine of students with iodine nutrition knowledge scores ＞ 5 points (223.70 μg/L) over that of ≤5 points( 185.56 μg/L),but the difference was not significantly different statistically (x2 =2.297,P ＞ 0.05).Different gender and water sources had no significant effect on urinary iodine level(x2 =0.002,0.687,respectively,all P ＞ 0.05).Smokers urinary iodine levels( 154.55 μg/L) decreased compared with non-smokers(215.38 μg/L),but the difference was not statistically significant (x2 =0.515,P＞ 0.05).Vegetarian urinary iodine levels were lower than that of non-vegetarians,but the difference was not statistically significant(x2 =0.594,P ＞ 0.05).ConclusionsIodine nutritional status of students in university of Tianjin are generally at an appropriate level,but professional knowledge,habits and other factors may affect the intake of iodine,so students should develop good dietary habits to ensure a normal iodine nutrition status.

OBJECTIVETo compare the early clinical effects of Activ C cervical disc replacement (ACDR) and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) in treating single-level cervical spondylosis.

METHODSThe clinical data of 76 patients with single-level cervical spondylosis underwent surgery from July 2009 to September 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 28 patients were treated with ACDR (ACDR group), including 18 males and 10 females, aged from 32 to 62 years old with an average of (45.2±6.2) years; and 48 patients were treated with ACDF (ACDF group), including 28 males and 20 females, aged from 33 to 60 years old with an average of (45.8±6.4) years. Visual analogue scale (VAS), Japanese Orthopedics Association (JOA) score, Short Form-36 (SF-36), imaging data were used to assess the clinical effects after operation.

RESULTSA total of 76 patients were followed up from 6 to 24 months with an average of 13.2 months. VAS of neck pain and brachialgia were improved in all patients after operation (P<0.05), there was no significant difference between two group (P>0.05). Somato-score and psycho-score of SF-36 of two groups were obviously increased (P<0.05), ACDR group was better than that of ACDF group (P<0.05). In ACDR group, there was no significant difference in the range of motion of surgical segments and adjacent segments between preoperative and postoperative (P>0.05); heterotopic ossification around the edge of vertebral body occurred in 1 case on the 6th month after operation, no fusion was found on the 1st year after operation. In ACDF group, the adjacent vertebral disease occurred in 1 case and the patient underwent the reoperation.

CONCLUSIONActiv C cervical disc replacement can reduce the degeneration of adjacent segments and its early outcomes for the treatment of single-level cervical spondylosis are satisfactory, but the long-term effects still need study.

Adult ; Cervical Vertebrae ; surgery ; Diskectomy ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Spinal Fusion ; methods ; Spondylosis ; surgery ; Total Disc Replacement ; methods

Objective:To explore the influence of ischemia/reperfusion (anoxia/reoxygenation)[FK(W16*2。142mmZQ1mm]on immunofunction of endothelial cells(ECs) and effect of intervention with 2-hydroxymethyl-3,5,6-trimethylpyrazine on it.Methods:Model of ECs induced by anoxia/reoxygenation was established to mimic ECs ischemia/reperfusion injury in vivo with human umbilical vein endothelial cell line ECV304.Then 2-hydroxymethyl-3,5,6-trimethylpyraxine was used to intervene the anoxia/reoxygenation process.Nuclear transcriptional factor-?B(NF-?B) was exhibited by fluorescent staining,HLA-ABC,HLA-DR,CD86 and CD54 were detected by flow cytometry.Mixed endothelial cell-lymphocyte reaction(MELR) was conducted to examine the proliferation of lymphocyte,production of IL-2 and percentage of apoptotic lymphocyte.Results:Anoxia/reoxygenation made the ECV304 cell became round,shrunk and abscised,with increased plasma NF-?B,and changed from positive cytoplasm to positive nucleus.HLA-ABC,HLA-DR and CD86 on surface of cells increased but CD54 showed unchanged.MELR showed the incorporation of ~3H-TdR and production of IL-2 increased significantly and the percentage of apoptotic lymphocyte decreased.After 2-hydroxymethyl-3,5,6-trimethylpyrazine intervention,the ECV304 cell shapes recovered,NF-?B expression didn’t down-regulated,but the percentage of positive cells decreased,changes to positve dominant.Besides,reversal changes were shown in other parameters.Conclusion:Anoxia/reoxygenation influences some important immune related molecules in ECV304 cells.2-hydroxymethyl-3,5,6-trimethylpyrazine could antagonize these influences to maintain the immune function of endothelial cells in a relative normal manner.