In the past, the ways to amblyopia neural mechanism research are given priority to visual electrophysiology and so on, which express the result use two -dimensional form, these ways mainly research the functions of the state before the lateral geniculate body. For the study of optic center, animal models are used to research it. But these kinds of methods are unable to accurately detect amblyopia neural mechanisms of human beings. Vulnerable to a variety of factors, it is difficult to finish the amblyopia treatment effect evaluation. Functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fMRI ) can reflect the three-dimensional visual cortex neuron activity noninvasively and accurately, and give rise to amblyopia neural mechanism and therapeutic effect evaluation. Therefore, in this paper, the amblyopia neural mechanisms and visual center after treatment effect evaluation of fMRI research progress are summarized.

P-glycoprotein (P-gp) belongs to the member of the super-family of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. It is the 170KD glycoprotein which is the product of the MDR1 gene, located in chromosome 7q21. It is an ATP-dependent exported and oriented transporter and involved in various physiological functions as well as the transport process of many types of drugs in the body. The physiological function of P-gp is to pump the toxic metabolites out of the cell in order to reduce the accumulation of toxic products so as to protect the cells from the poison. However, in pathological condition, the drug which used to treat the disease may be pumped out of the cells by the P-gp. Therefore,the P-gp is the main cause of the multidrug resistance in clinical disease such as tumor and some neurologic diseases. The cross-resistance phenomenon is leading to poor efficacy for these diseases treatment.Panax notoginseng as the characteristic Chinese herbal medicine in Yunnan province, it has many significant effects in the treatment and prevention of many diseases such as cerebrovascular diseases. It can improve the blood hemorrheology,prevent the produce of the peroxy radical, alleviate intracellular calcium overload,treat inflammation,as well as improve the immune system function. Meanwhile, some research recently reported that it also has a considerable prospect with its multi-target and multi-channel regulation in the reversal of the MDR1 and the P-gp genes expression. This paper reviews the progress of the down-regulated expression of P-gp and MDR1 genes through different pathways, and the mechanism of Panax notoginseng and its monomer compositions on down-regulated the expression of the P-gp and MDR1 genes.

Objective To explore the role of p170, MRP, bcl-2 in clinical drug- resistance and their correlation. Methods There are 44 acute leukemia(AL) patients, among them ANLL is 29, ALL is 15.The expression of p170, MRP, bcl-2 were detected. At last, the patients were divided into two groups: CR and NR according to efficacy after two periods standard chemotherapy. Results Overexpression of p170, MRP,bcl-2 were found in AL (P ＜0.05). The expression of p170 and MRP were lower in CR group than that in NR groups in AML and ALL; there were 22 of 24 patients expressed one or two proteins in NR groups and the expression of p170 in patients was concordant with that of MRP to certain extent (P ＜0.01). The overexpression of bcl-2 was related with the worse prognosis. The expression of bcl-2 was lower significantly in CR group than in CR and NR (P＜0.05). Conclusion p170, bcl-2, MRP are all associated with clinical MDR. High expression of these proteins is an unfavorable factor to prognosis. The expression of MRP and p170 showed coincidence, but showed no significance with expression of bcl-2 in untreated patients, it indicated that the drug-resistance mediated by p170 was different from bcl-2.

Objective To investigate the action mechanism of microRNA‐152(miRNA‐152) in the cisplatin(DDP) resistance process in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) .Methods The miRNA‐152 level in NSCLC cell line A549 and its cisplatin‐resistant cell line A549/DDP was detected by the real time quantitative PCR(qRT‐PCR) .miRNA‐152 mimic was transfected for increasing the intracellular miRNA‐152 level in A549/DDP .The MTT assay ,inverted miroscope technique and flow cytometry were adopted to observe the effect of up‐regulating miRNA‐152 on cell proliferation inhibition and apoptosis ,meanwhile ,the level changes of intra‐cellular Bcl‐2 and NF‐κB were also observed by adopting qRT‐PCR and Western blot .Results The low expression of miRNA‐152 and the high expression of Bcl‐2 and NF‐κB were found in A549/DDP cells .Up‐regulation of miRNA‐152 enhanced the inhibitory effect of DDP in A549/DDP cells .Furthermore ,after up‐regulating miRNA‐152 ,the inhibiting rate and apoptosis rate of A549/DDP cells caused by DDP were significantly higher than those in the cells without up‐regulating miRNA‐152 ,the difference was statisti‐cally significant(P<0 .05) .In addition ,miRNA‐152 mimic transfection significantly decreased the expression of Bcl‐2 and NF‐κB in A549/DDP cells .Conclusion Low expression of miRNA‐152 may induce the resistance of NSCLC to DDP ,miRNA‐152 could medi‐ate the sensitivity of NSCLC cells to DDP via regulating Bcl‐2 and NF‐κB levels .

Objective To investigate the effect of rivaroxaban on prevention from deep venous thrombosis after hip replacement surgery .Methods 80 patients with lower limb parallel arthroplasty were randomly divided into observation group and control group from January 2014 to January 2015.40 cases in each group.Control group was given aspirin treatment, observation group was given rivaroxaban treatment, indicators changes were followed up and recorded.Results PT, APTT values of observation group one week after treatment were (35.79 ±2.16),(15.84 ±2.11) s, which were better than control group (45.64 ±2.12),(18.72 ±2.02) s (P<0.05).TT, D-dimer of observation group(13.48 ±2.10)s,(2.34 ±0.33)g/L after a week were better,than control group (16.38 ±1.79)s, (1.42 ±0.21)g/L (P<0.05) respectively.Conclusion Effect of rivaroxaban in prevent deep venous thrombosis after hip replacement surgery is exact without obvious adverses reaction, it is worthy of further research and application.

Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1), a key rate-limiting enzyme in tricarboxylic acid cycle,is found within the cytoplasm and peroxisomes.In recent years, IDH1 mutation is discovered in most gliomaand its large scale metabolites, 2-hydroxyglutarate, may be involved in tumor as potential carcinogens, and isshown to be closely related to better patients' survival as well.IDH1 mutation is anticipated to be a novel genet-ic biomarker which will guide the treatments of clinical glioma.

Functioning gonadotroph adenomas (FGA) are pituitary tumors secreting biologically active gonadotropins.Because of its low incidence,it can be diagnosed only in evident clinical manifestations,and clinicians are often not able to make right diagnosis.The published literature includes only small case series or individual case reports.In this review,we will focus on the main presenting manifestations,the reported management options,and the long-term outcome of the FGA.

Objective To observe the long term results of intertrochanteric varus medial displacement osteotomy(IVMDO) for Perthes disease. Methods Thirty eight patients with Perthes disease treated with IVMDO were reviewed. The results were evaluated based on a criteria made by the authors including clinical and radiographic parameters. The duration of follow up ranged from 3 to 15 years, with an average of 7 years. Results Fifteen patients were evaluated as having excellent result, 17 good, 3 fair and 3 poor respectively. The overall excellent or good rate was 84.2%. Considering the relationship between the outcome and staging of the disease, the overall excellent or good rate was 94.7% in stage Ⅱ lesion, 85.7%in stage Ⅲ lesion, and 40.0% in stage Ⅳ lesion. Conclusion The treatment of Perthes disease with IVMDO has the advantages of simple manipulation, less trauma and good results, and is worthy of populariztion.

Objective To study the diagnostic value of 3 dimentional CT reconstruction in upper urinary tract obstructive diseases. Methods 37 patients with upper urinary tract obstructive diseases underwent thin slice helical CT scan and 3 dimentional reconstruction of the urinary tract as well as 3 dimentional CT angiography when needed. Results All the cases have been definitely diagnosed including ureteral carcinoma in 8, bladder carcinoma in 2, ureteral calculi in 9, benign ureteral stricture in 7, congenital malformation in 7 and pelvic tumor in 4.All the patients except those with pelvic tumors underwent surgical intervention and the diagnosis were confirmed.The operative findings were in concord with the helical CT results. Conclusions 3 dimentional CT reconstruction of the urinary tract can provide distinct urinary tract images and helps determining the site and the cause of the obstruction. Compared with other methods, the procedure has the advantages of high resolution, rapid imaging and low invasiveness. It might become the most valuable means of detecting upper urinary tract diseases.

[Objective] To discuss the surgical treatment strategy of spinal hemangioma.[Methods]Data on 33 patients with spinal hemangioma treated from October 1997 to October 2008 were reviewed.There were 19 females and 14 males.The average age was 54 years old.Chief complaints were pain(n=13),myelopathy(n=12),radiculopathy plus local pain(n=8).Nine patients without spinal cord and radial nerve compression underwent percutaneous vertebroplasty(PVP),and 24 patients with spinal cord and radial nerve compression,paravertebral soft tissue mass or spinal unstability were treated by operation.Anterior,anteroposterior and posterior approaches were used in 9,12,and 3 patients respectively.Transarterial embolization was done in 3 patients.[Results]No perioperative complication was observed in 9 patients after PVP,with a mean follow-up of 41 months.Pain was relieved.There was no perioperative death among the 24 patients who received operation.The blood loss during operation was 2739 ml and 1619 ml for anterior and posterior approaches,respectively(P=0.12).One case of paravertebral hematoma,one case of spinal canal hematoma,and one case of wound infection were observed in this group.Pain was relieved in 89%(17/19)of the patients.According to the Frankel Scale,the neurologic situation was improved in all the 12 patients with myelopathy.By a mean follow-up of 48 months,no internal fixation failure was seen.Tumor recurrence or growth was found in 4 patients,two had no symptoms and one underwent radiotherapy for pain.Repeated operation was performed in one patient with myelopathy.[Conclusion]Most patients with symptomatic spinal hemangioma could be treated successfully by surgery.Individual surgical plan should be made according to the reason causing symptoms and the general condition of the patient.