Objective To explore the genetic damages of people exposed to electronic waste from three villages that have been processing the electronic waste collectively in county of Tianjin, and to analyze the damaging effects of the electronic pollutants on the genetic substances. Methods The blood samples of 1 256 villagers from this region were collected to do chromosomal karyotype analysis, from which 171 samples were randomly chosen to do micronucleus test, 12 samples were chosen to do comet assay experiments. 60 villagers living far from the electronic waste processing regions were chosen as the control group. Chi-Square test and T-test were employed to do statistic analysis. Results The chromosomal structural aberration in the research group was 6.23%, and the number aberration was 0.29%. Both of chromosomal conjoint and satellite conjoint were higher compared with the control (P

Objective To evaluate the effect of different densities of830nm laser irradiation on genetic damages in mice cells.Methods 100Kunming mice were randomly divided into micronuleus groups and sperm group,as well as control group.Mice thymus glands and spleens were irradiated with an830nm semiconductor laser,30mW for5minutes or20minutes each day in vitro,and the micronuclei of polychromatic erythrocytes in sternum bone marrow and rate of abnormal sperm produced were determined.Results Laser irradiation induced deformed sperm(? 2 =111.747,P=0.000),while higher dose(20min per day)laser irradiation increased the micronuclei of polychromatic erythrocytes in sternum bone marrow.There was statistical significance in the difference between the rates of abnormal sperm and micronuclei in sternum bone marrow caused by irradiation on thymus and spleen(? 2 =27.395,P=0.000)and there was dosage effect.The spleen was the more sensitive.Conclusion Laser irradiation at830nm might have a genetic damages to mice cells.Attention should be paid to the potential hazardous effects induced by semiconductor laser irradiation.

Objective To Validate the prognostic significance of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) risk tables in Chinese patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Methods According to the scoring standard of the EORTC system, 225 NMIBC patients were reviewed and divided into 3 groups: low, intermediate and high risk groups for recurrence and progression respectively. The probabilities of recurrence and progression at 1 year and 5 year for each group were calculated using life-table analysis and then compared with the EORTC risk tables. Log-Rank test and multivariable analysis were used to analyze the possible differences between risk groups and to find independent prognostic factors. Results For low (n= 32, 25), intermediate (n=109, 128) and high (n=84, 72) risk groups, the probabilities of recurrence and progression at 1 year were 15. 1%, 31.2%, 55.5% and 0. 3%, 2. 0%, 15.5% respectively. The probabilities at 5 year were 28. 2%, 55.2%, 75.0% and 1.4%, 12.9%, 54. 7%. All the results were similar to that of EORTC tables except the probability of progression at 5 year for the high progression risk group.The differences between different risk groups were significant (P＜0.01). In a multivariable analysis for recurrence and progression, the EORTC scores had independent significance (P＜0.01). Conclusions EORTC risk tables could stratify NMIBC patients effectively according to the risk of recurrence and progression. It could be a useful tool for Chinese urologists.

Objective To determine the main CT features and the key points of differential diagnosis of multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma (MCRCC) classified according to 2004 WHO pathological diagnostic criteria. Methods According to the criteria, 40 patients were divided into two groups: MCRCC group and other subtypes of cystic renal cell carcinoma (CRCC). The CT findings were evaluated and compared between two groups for cystic content, wall, septum, nodularity, calcification and enhancement. ROC curve was used to determine the cut-off value of the possible CT feature which could distinguish MCRCC from other subtypes of CRCC. Results Seventeen cases of MCRCC group and 23 cases of CRCC group were included in this study according to the diagnostic criteria. MCRCC appeared as a well defined multilocular cystic mass with thin wall and sepia and no expansile solid nodules. Thickness of cystic wall and/or septum is was main CT findings to distinguish MCRCC from other subtypes of CRCC (P ＜ 0.01 ). The cut-off value of the thickness was 6 mm and its sensibility, specificity was 89% ,75% respectively. Conclusion Cystic wall and/or septum with a thickness of less than 6 mm are the main CT findings to dis tinguish MCRCC from other subtypes of CRCC.

Objective To investigate the relationship between tumor location and the risk of developing bladder cancer in pafients treated by nephroureterectomy(NU)for upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma(UUT-TCC).Methods The clinical data of 168 UUT-TCC patients who underwent NU were reviewed.Univariate and multivariate analysis were carried out to determine the risk factors for intravesical recurrence after NU.Results The recurrence-free survival rate at 1,3 and 5 years after NU were 88%, 76%and 63%.All patients were followed up for a median period of 45(12-107)months During this period, a total of 49 patients developed bladder tamors after surgery,of which 28 cases were renal pelvic carcinoma, 2 cases were rniddle ureter carcinoma and 19 cases were distal ureter carcinoma.The recurrence-free survival of renal pelvic carcinoma and ureter carcinoma had no significant difference by Log-Rank test(P>0.05).On multivariate analysis,only locating in distal ureter carcinoma was the independent risk predictor for intravesical recurrence after NU (P<0.01).Conclusion Pafients with UUT-TCC at distal ureter carry a higher risk for intraeesieal recunerrce after NU than those with TCC at other location of upper urinary tract.

Objective:To assess the expression levels of CD95 and OX40 ligand(OX40L)messenger RNA(mRNA)in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),and their clinical values thereof.Methods:The lymphocytes of research objects were mixed with corresponding fluorescence labeled monoclonal antibody(McAb);CD95 expression by CD3 positive T ceils was quantitatively measured by dual color flow cytometry.The expression of OX40L mRNA was detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(FQ-RT-PCR).Results:The CD95 expression by CD3 positive T cells was significantly higher in patients with HCC(34±20)% compared with that of normal controls (20±7)%(t=2.960,P ＜ 0.01).The expression level of OX40L mRNA was significantly decreased in patients with HCC compared with that of normal controls(t=2.302,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion:These results suggest that abnormal expressions of CD95 and OX40L play crucial roles in peripheral blood of HCC patients at the stage of human hepatocareinogenesis.

Objective To analyse the change of DNA methylation with 5-Azac injection in acute graft-versus-host dis- ease (aGVHD) mouse model, which received allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, and explore the immunomodulatory ef-fects of 5-Azac. Methods Male C57BL/6 (H-2b)and female BALB/c (H-2d) mice were selected as donor and recipient of complete allotransplantation. BABL/c mice were divided into two groups, transplantation control group and 5-Azac experi-mental group. At 1-7, 14, 21 and 28-day after transplantion, 5-Azac 0.25 mg/kg (0.3 mL/time) was injected by tail vein in experimental group, while the control group were injected with sterile water 0.3 mL/time. Peripheral blood DNA samples were collected from three control mice and three experimental mice, then mixed with equal amount respectively. The MeDIP-seq method was selected to detect methylation changes in mice, and the differential DNA methylation in the biological path-ways was analyzed. Results The survival time was prolonged, and the rejection reaction was decreased in 5-Azac experi-mental group, which suggested immune hyporesponsiveness post aGVHD. The MeDIP-seq result showed that 369 different DNA methylation located in the promoter regions, including 239 up-regulated genes and 130 down-regulated genes. There were 184 differential DNA methylation genes located in the exon regions, including 113 up-regulated genes and 71 down-regulated genes. Differential DNA methylation genes involved in 10 immunological signaling pathways, respectively. Among them, TGF-β, GSK-3β, SYK, PI3K, NFAT, CD28 andα4β7 were closely related to the development of aGVHD. Conclu-sion 5-Azac can effectively induce immune hyporesponsiveness post aGVHD by changing the gene methylation status.

Objective To investigate the correlation between the expression of Ku70 and Ku80 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and chemotherapy sensitivity and prognosis.Methods The expression levels of Ku70 and Ku80 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were measured by immunohistochemistry.The relationship between the expression of Ku70 or Ku80 and clinical pathology parameters,recent curative effect of concurrent chemoradiation and prognosis of the patients were analyzed.Results The positive expression rate of Ku70 and Ku80 was 59.0％ (69/117) and 50.4％ (59/117) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.The expression of Ku70 and Ku80 was significandy related to recent curative effect of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (P =0.017,0.012).The patients with complete response had lower positive expression rate of Ku70 and Ku80 [49.2％(32/65),40.0％(26/65)].But the expression had no relationship with the age,length of lesions in CT,lymph node metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (P ＞0.05).There was no relationship between the expression of Ku70 and Ku80 neither (P =0.114).KaplanMeier analysis found Ku70 and Ku80 had worse prognosis in patients with positive expression (Ku70:P =0.004 ; Ku80:P =0.025).In Cox univariate analysis concluded the same result (Ku70:P =0.005,HR =1.971,95％ CI:1.230-3.159; Ku80:P =0.028,HR =1.659,95％ CI:1.057-2.605); but in Cox multivariate analysis,only Ku70 expression was the independent factor (P =0.033).Conclusions The upregulation of Ku70 and Ku80 is correlated to decreased concurrent chemoradiation sensitivity.In addition,the upregulation of Ku70 is correlated to worse prognosis.Ku70 and Ku80 can be a prediction index for predicting concurrent chemoradiation sensitivity in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective To explore the effect of salubrinal (sal,an endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitor) on radiosensitivity of human head and neck squamous carcinoma cells (HNSCC).Methods Cells were divided into two groups of sal treatment and its control.For drug treatment group,cells were treated with 10 mmol/L sal for different time (12,24,36 h) and then irradiated.The levels of a core protein GRP78 of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in HNSCC (KB,Fadu,and Detroit 562 cells)were analyzed by Western blot assay at different time (0,20 min,1 h,3 h,6 h,12 h,24 h and 48 h) after irradiation.Cell survival was measured with colony formation assay.Results Western blot assay revealed that the protein levels of GRP78 in three kinds of HNSCC significantly increased from 20 min to 1 h and peaked at 3 h after radiation (t =12.72,13.37,18.31,P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the control group,treatment of cells with sal decreased GRP78 protein levels (t =14.25,5.34,3.12,P ＜ 0.05) in three cell lines and also significantly enhanced radiation damage and reduced cell viability.The sensitization enhancement ratios (SER) of sal in three cell lines were 1.16,1.05 and 1.06,respectively.Conclusions Rradiosensitivity of HNSCC could be effectively enhanced by sal treatment.

To study the effects of Jiangzhi Granule (JZG), a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, in regulating liver X receptor α (LXRα) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) expressions in a rat model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).