The unique advantages of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in treating late onset hypogonadism in male have gradually emerged with the continuous deepening of the understanding and research on late onset hypogonadism in male. Time sequence is a general summary of the natural growth and operational laws. Tian gui and testosterone have their normal time sequences, and they may be associated with each other. A man′s tian gui follows the regular time sequence from " inception" to " exhaustion" throughout " eight" under normal physiological conditions. " Tian gui out of time sequence" includes the loss of tian gui exuberance (dysfunction of viscera dominated by the liver) and exhaustion in the time sequence (pathological deficiency of viscera dominated by the kidney), resulting in " tian gui exhaustion" in advance of " eight eight". Tian gui and testosterone are key concepts in Chinese and Western medicine for understanding late onset hypogonadism in male. The theory of " tian gui out of time sequence" may be closely related to the core pathogenesis of this condition, particularly in cases of liver depression and kidney deficiency. This study suggests that restoring the normal time sequence of tian gui while treating the liver and kidney simultaneously through time-sharing treatment should be effective. The use of Xiongcan Yishen Formula has shown promising therapeutic result, offering new insights and references for treating late onset hypogonadism in male using TCM.

Objective:To analyze the association between healthy lifestyle and mortality among Henan Province 35-74 years old individuals.Methods:Data from the programme of screening and intervention subjects with high-risk cardiovascular disease 99 133 adults were analyzed in a provincial cohort study of 16 counties. Four healthy lifestyle behaviors were assessed based on a questionnaire survey. Information on mortality endpoints was retrieved from the national death surveillance system. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the associations between healthy lifestyles, mortality risk and population attributable fraction (PAF).Results:Out of the adult participants in Henan, 50.6% adhered to a healthy lifestyle, and only 0.1% adhered to 4 healthy lifestyle behaviours. During a mean of 4.5 years, 2 685 all-cause death and 1 283 cardiovascular deaths were documented. The decreased risk of mortality among individuals with non-smoking, moderate drinking, adequate exercise and healthy diet were 0.85 (95% CI: 0.77-0.94), 0.75 (95% CI: 0.63-0.89), 0.73 (95% CI: 0.67-0.79) and 0.86 (95% CI: 0.77-0.96), while the adjusted PAF for all-cause deaths were 5.2% (95% CI: 2.5%-7.9%), 24.0% (95% CI: 10.7%-36.4%), 19.4% (95% CI: 13.8%-24.8%) and 12.3% (95% CI: 3.4%-20.9%), respectively. A combined healthy lifestyle can bring more health benefits. Adherence to 4 healthy lifestyle behaviours could avoid 49.1% of all-cause death. Conclusion:Adherence to a healthy lifestyle can reduce the risk of death, and participants with a healthy lifestyle had a lower mortality risk.

Purpose::To identify the risk factors for training-related lower extremity muscle injuries in young males by a non-invasive method of body composition analysis.Methods::A total of 282 healthy young male volunteers aged 18 -20 years participated in this cohort study. Injury location, degree, and injury rate were adjusted by a questionnaire based on the overuse injury assessment methods used in epidemiological studies of sports injuries. The occurrence of training injuries is monitored and diagnosed by physicians and treated accordingly. The body composition was measured using the BodyStat QuadScan 4000 multifrequency Bio-impedance system at 5, 50, 100 and 200 kHz to obtain 4 impedance values. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to check whether the data conformed to a normal distribution. Data of normal distribution were shown as mean ± SD and analyzed by t-test, while those of non-normal distribution were shown as median (Q 1, Q 3) and analyzed by Wilcoxon rank sum test. The receiver operator characteristic curve and logistic regression analysis were performed to investigate risk factors for developing training-related lower extremity injuries and accuracy. Results::Among the 282 subjects, 78 (27.7%) developed training injuries. Lower extremity training injuries revealed the highest incidence, accounting for 23.4% (66 cases). These patients showed higher percentages of lean body mass ( p = 0.001), total body water (TBW, p=0.006), extracellular water ( p=0.020) and intracellular water ( p=0.010) as well as a larger ratio of basal metabolic rate/total weight ( p=0.006), compared with those without lower extremity muscle injuries. On the contrary, the percentage of body fat ( p=0.001) and body fat mass index ( p=0.002) were lower. Logistic regression analysis showed that TBW percentage > 65.35% ( p=0.050, odds ratio =3.114) and 3rd space water > 0.95% ( p=0.045, odds ratio =2.342) were independent risk factors for lower extremity muscle injuries. Conclusion::TBW percentage and 3rd space water measured with bio-impedance method are potential risk factors for predicting the incidence of lower extremity muscle injuries in young males following training.

Objective To explore the effect of training mode based on action learning on improving the practicing ability of hospital pharmacists.Methods Thirty pharmacists who received training from September 2022 to December 2023 at Panzhihua Central Hospital were randomly divided into an education reform group(16 cases)and a routine group(14 cases).The education reform group adopted a routine teaching method based on action learning,while the routine group adopted a routine teaching method.The differences between the two groups of pharmacists in theoretical knowledge,practical operation,pharmaceutical services,emergency response,and comprehensive quality were compared.Results The pharmacists in the education reform group were better than the routine group in prescription review,clinical medication analysis,pharmaceutical services,emergency response,andcomprehensive quality.The difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The teaching model based on action learning can effectively enhance the higher order thinking ability of pharmacists and help them better apply medical knowledge and skills to serve patients and physicians.

Purpose To development a model to predict mixed cerebral palsy(CP)in infants with periventricular white matter injury(PWMI).Materials and Methods This study retrospectively included infants with PWMI on MRI aged 6 to 24 months and were diagnosed as CP after age of 2 years in the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine,from September 2015 to October 2022.The eligible infants were divided into mixed group and spastic CP group.Multivariable Logistic regression model was used to select the MRI features associated with PWMI and mixed CP,and was internal validated by using the five-fold cross and repeated cross validation.Model performance was evaluated by the discrimination,calibration and decision curve.The correlation between independent MRI features and the gross motor function classification system levels was evaluated.Results A total of 135 infants with PWMI and CP were included in this study,100 with spastic CP,and 35 with mixed CP.Multivariable Logistic regression analysis found that the involvement of ventralateral of thalamus(OR=27.500,95%CI 8.293-90.942),posterior putamen(OR=13.700,95%CI 4.489-41.549),hippocampus(OR=7.200,95%CI 1.702-30.813)and caudate nucleus(OR 5.800,95%CI 1.973-16.950)were associated with PWMI and mixed CP.A prediction model was constructed using the above four MRI features.The model yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.960(95%CI 0.934-0.988)and 0.95,0.96 in the five-fold cross and repeated cross validation,respectively.The model had good calibration(χ2=3.712,P=0.529)and clinical application.Furthermore,the four MRI variables were associated with gross motor function classification system levels(r=0.559,0.581,0.171,0.409,all P<0.05).Conclusion The model can early and accurately predict infants with PWMI at high risk of mixed CP.

Silver nanoparticles(AgNPs)is widely used in biomedicine,daily chemicals,food industry and other fields,and the possible negative health effects of its exposure have attracted widespread attention.Accurate analysis of AgNPs in biological matrices is the basis for biosafety studies of AgNPs.Among the existing analytical techniques,single particle-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry(sp-ICP-MS)has significant advantages such as high sensitivity and simultaneous detection of different forms of silver.However,AgNPs in biological matrices is uniquely highly dynamic and low in content,and the matrix interference is severe,which increases the complexity of the analysis.Although some scholars have reviewed the application of this method for detection of metal nanoparticles in different scenarios,there is a lack of a summary of the quality control and optimization of the whole process from the perspective of AgNPs detection.There is still a lack of reference standards for the sp-ICP-MS analysis of AgNPs in biological matrices,and the existing methods need to be summarized and further optimized to achieve accurate quantification.Therefore,this paper reviewed the recent studies on the analysis of silver-containing nanoparticles in biological matrices based on sp-ICP-MS,mainly included the principles of the technique,the extraction methods of the particles,and the process of data processing,which focused on elaborating and comparing different pre-treatment methods,and explored issues of the current application of sp-ICP-MS for detection of AgNPs in biological tissues and the development of future optimization trends.The current problems of sp-ICP-MS for detection of AgNPs in biological tissues and the future development trend were also discussed.

Objective To explore the Aucubin by regulating programmed death-1(PD-1)/programmed death ligand-1(PD-L1)signaling pathway mediated immune escape the influence of radiation sensitivity on the lung cancer cells and its mechanism of action.Methods Human lung cancer cell line NCI-H1299 was trea-ted with 0-300 μmol/mL Aucubin,and cell viability was detected by MTT assay.Cells were divided into nor-mal control group(Control group),radiotherapy group(6 Gy group),Aucubin group,Aucubin+radiotherapy group(Aucubin+6 Gy group).Cell proliferation were detected by colony formation assay and Edu assay.Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry.The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interferon-y(IFN-y)and interleukin(IL)-2 in the supernatant of cell culture medium were detected by enzyme-linked immu-nosorbent assay(ELISA).The protein expressions of PD-1 and PD-L1 were detected by Western blot.A mouse model of lung cancer xenograft was established and divided into Control group,radiotherapy group(5 Gy group),Aucubin group,and Aucubin+5 Gy group.The volume and mass of transplanted tumor were measured.ELISA was used to detect the levels of TNF-α,IFN-y,and IL-2,and Western blot was used to de-tect the protein expressions of PD-1 and PD-L1.Results Compared with 0 μmol/mL Aucubin,25-125μmol/mL Aucubin could reduce cell viability,and 100 μmol/mL aucubin was selected for subsequent experi-ments.Compared with the Control group,cell clone formation number,Edu positive rate,TNF-α level,PD-1 and PD-L1 protein expression levels were significantly decreased(P＜0.05),and the apoptosis rate,IFN-γ and IL-2 levels were significantly increased(P＜0.05)in the 6 Gy group and the Aucubin group.Compared with the 6 Gy group and Aucubin group,the Aucubin+6 Gy group had significantly lower cell colony formation number,Edu positive rate,TNF-α level,PD-1 and PD-L1 protein expression levels(P＜0.05),and significant-ly higher apoptosis rate,IFN-γ and IL-2 levels(P＜0.05).Compared with the Control group,the trasplanted tumor volume and weight,TNF-α level and PD-1 and PD-L1 protein expression levels in the 5 Gy group and Aucubin group were decreased(P＜0.05),while IFN-γ and IL-2 levels were increased(P＜0.05).Compared with the 5 Gy group and Aucubin group,the Aucubin+5 Gy group had significantly lower transplanted tumor volume and mass,TNF-α level and PD-1 and PD-L1 expression levels(P＜0.05),and significantly higher IFN-γ and IL-2 levels(P＜0.05).Conclusion Aucubin may enhance the radiosensitivity of lung cancer cells by blocking the immune escape mediated by PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway.

Epigenomic imbalance drives abnormal transcriptional processes,promoting the onset and progression of cancer.Although defective gene regulation generally affects carcinogenesis and tumor suppression networks,tumor immunogenicity and immune cells involved in antitumor responses may also be affected by epigenomic changes,which may have significant implications for the development and application of epigenetic therapy,cancer immunotherapy,and their combinations.Herein,we focus on the impact of epigenetic regulation on tumor immune cell function and the role of key abnormal epigenetic processes,DNA methylation,histone post-translational modification,and chromatin structure in tumor immunogenicity,and introduce these epigenetic research methods.We emphasize the value of small-molecule inhibitors of epigenetic modulators in enhancing antitumor immune responses and discuss the challenges of developing treatment plans that combine epigenetic therapy and immuno-therapy through the complex interaction between cancer epigenetics and cancer immunology.

Objective:To investigate the effects of Xiongcan Yishen Formula(XYF)on ferroptosis in mouse TM3 Leydig cells after oxidative stress injury(OSI)induced by H2O2.Methods:An oxidative stress injury model was established in mouse TM3 Leydig cells using H2O2 induction.The modeled TM3 cells were randomly divided into OSI group,XYF group,the ferroptosis inhibitor Ferrostatin-1(F-1)group,and F-1+XYF group,which were respectively intervened with blank serum,20%drug-containing serum,2μmol/L F-1,and2μmol/L F-1+20%drug-containing serum.A control group(normal TM3 cells+blank serum)was also set up.The morphology of cells in each group was observed,and the levels of testosterone,superoxide dismutase(SOD),reactive oxygen spe-cies(ROS),malondialdehyde(MDA),ferritin heavy chain 1(FTH1),solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11),glutathione(GSH),glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4),fatty acid CoA ligase 4(FACL4),total iron ions,and ferrous ions were detected.Re-sults:Compared with the model group,the control group showed significantly decreased expression of ROS,MDA,FACL4,total iron,and ferrous ions(P<0.05),and significantly increased levels of testosterone,SOD,GSH,FTH1,SLC7A11,and GPX4(P<0.05).The male silkworm kidney-tonifying formula group significantly promoted testosterone secretion by TM3 cells and upregulated the expression of FTH1,SLC7A11,GPX4,GSH,and SOD in TM3 cells(P<0.05),while significantly downregulating ROS,MDA,FACL4,total iron ions,and ferrous ions(P<0.05).Conclusion:Following H2O2 exposure,oxidative stress can induce ferroptosis in mouse TM3 Leydig cells.XYF can antagonize OSI and ferroptosis in TM3 cells by activating the SLC7A11/GSH/GPX4 axis,which may underlie the mechanism of XYF in the treatment of male late-onset hypogonadism.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Bufeitang on intestinal flora of rats with lung Qi-deficiency syndrome of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（COPD）， and to explore the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in regulating intestinal flora and thus restoring the balance of lung-gut axis. MethodA total of 84 rats were randomly divided into 7 groups， including blank group， model group， fecal bacterial transplantation（FMT） group， dexamethasone group and low， medium and high dose groups of Bufeitang， 12 rats in each group. Except for the blank group， cigarette and sawdust fumigation combined with intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide（LPS） were used to establish the COPD rat model with lung Qi-deficiency syndrome in all other groups. The low， medium and high dose groups of Bufeitang were intragastric administrated with Bufeitang（3.645， 7.29， 14.58 g·kg^-1）， the FMT group was given fecal bacteria liquid enema（10 mL·kg^-1）， dexamethasone group was given dexamethasone acetate tablet suspension by gavage（0.135 mg·kg^-1）， the blank group and model group were given equal amount of distilled water. Fresh feces were collected after 28 d of continuous intervention for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Lung and colon tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin（HE） for pathomorphological observation， and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was performed to detect the contents of tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α） and interleukin-8（IL-8） in lung tissues. ResultCompared with the blank group， the model group showed severe abnormal lung tissue structure with alveolar atrophy and collapse accompanied by severe inflammatory cell infiltration. Compared with the model group， the extent of injury was significantly improved， and inflammatory cell infiltration was reduced with basically normal alveolar structure in the high dose group of Bufeitang. Compared with the blank group， the model group had severely abnormal colonic tissue structure， the epithelial cells in the mucosal layer were eroded and shed， the number of inflammatory cells increased， the submucosal layer was edematous and the gap was enlarged. Compared with the model group， the extent of damage was significantly improved in the medium and high dose groups of Bufeitang， the epithelial cells in the mucosal layer were neatly and closely arranged， with only a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration and no significant degeneration. Compared with the blank group， the TNF-α and IL-8 levels of lung tissue in the model group were significantly increased（P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the TNF-α and IL-8 levels of lung tissues in the low， medium and high dose groups of Bufeitang were significantly decreased（P<0.01）. Bufeitang significantly modulated the number of bacteria species as well as alpha and beta diversity of model rats， corrected the return of intestinal flora to normal abundance and diversity， and positively regulated 4 differential phyla（such as Firmicutes， Proteobacteria） and 13 differential genera（such as Turicibacter， Lactobacillus， Anaerobiospirillum， Intestinimonas） in COPD model rats with lung Qi-deficiency syndrome， and down-regulated 2 carbohydrate metabolic pathway functions， including the pentose phosphate pathway（non-oxidative branch） Ⅰ and the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle. ConclusionBufeitang can modulate the abundance and diversity of intestinal flora species， affect the function of metabolic pathways， repair the structure of lung and colon tissues， regulate the level of inflammatory factors， and thus improve COPD with lung Qi-deficiency syndrome. The mechanism may be related to its regulation of inflammation-related intestinal flora to restore the balance of lung-gut axis in COPD with lung Qi-deficiency syndrome.