Objective To analyze the mutation situation of K‐ras gene in 358 cases of lung cancer to provide the guidance for the personalized therapy of lung cancer .Methods The nested and low denatured temperature compound PCR (COLD‐PCR) method was used to analyze the K‐ras mutations situation in 358 patients with lung cancer .Results In 358 lung cancer patients ,the total mutation frequency of K‐ras gene was 8 .10% .The mutation rates were 2 .13% in 94 plasma samples ,9 .60% in 250 tumor tissue samples and 7 .14% in 14 pleural and ascites samples .The mutation types included G12C ,G12D ,G12A ,G12V ,G13D and Q61H ,the mutation rate had no statistical difference among 3 kinds of samples (P= 0 .064 8) ;the mutation rate was 6 .96% in male patients and 8 .59% in female patients ,the difference was not statistically significant (P= 0 .574 0) ;the mutation rates were 4 .76% in the patients aged 30 - < 45 years old ,5 .34% in the patients aged 45 - < 60 years old and 9 .22% in the patients aged ≥ 60 years old , the differences were not statistically significant (P = 0 .250 3) .Conclusion The mutation types of K‐ras gene are mainly G12C , G12D ,G12V and G13D .The mutation rate of K‐ras gene has no significant differences among different types of sample ,different genders and different ages .

Cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) is a kind of small molecular peptide which can pass through a variety of cell membranes. It can carry bioactive macromolecules into cells. Due to lacking of tissue-selecting and targeting behavior, the application of CPP in the field of tumor treatment is limited. Activatable cell- penetrating peptide (ACPP) has brought the dawn to the application of CPP. This review mainly introduces the applications of ACPP in the targeting antitumor drug delivery which was designed based on the differences between tumor microenvironment and normal tissues as well as the exogenous physical stimulation.
Cell-Penetrating Peptides ; pharmacology ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Tumor Microenvironment

Cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) is a kind of small molecular peptide which can pass through a variety of cell membranes. It can carry bioactive macromolecules into cells. Due to lacking of tissue-selecting and targeting behavior, the application of CPP in the field of tumor treatment is limited. Activatable cell- penetrating peptide (ACPP) has brought the dawn to the application of CPP. This review mainly introduces the applications of ACPP in the targeting antitumor drug delivery which was designed based on the differences between tumor microenvironment and normal tissues as well as the exogenous physical stimulation.

Objective To assess the safety and effectiveness of neonatal disease screening so as to provide basis for the establishment of a mechanism for managing neonatal disease screening. Methods Using the ideas of evidence-based medicine, a safety and effectiveness assessment of neonatal disease screening was made by means of literature induction. Results The techniques used in neonatal disease screening were highly safe, but their effectiveness was affected by a variety of links and factors. The differences reported in literature in such aspects as blood-collecting time, testing methods, cut-off values, and indexes for outcome evaluation might mean negative impact on the effectiveness. Conclusion More attention ought to be attached to the understanding and assessment of the safety of screening techniques and more efforts need to be made in conducting systematic studies into the effectiveness of screening techniques.

Quantitative determination of polysaccharides in Pine cones by phenol-sulfuric acid mehod was studied. and the effects of concentration of phenol-sulfuric acid and reaction temperature on color formation were investigated. It was found that the absorbance is linearly correlated to polysaceharide concentrations between 10～78?g/ml (r=0.9999). The analytical recovery was 99.8%, CV% was 1.2% and the minimal detectable concentration was 5?g/ml.

Objective To observe the effect of arthroscopic meniscectomy to tr eat discoid lateral meniscus tear. Methods From July 1999 to June 2003, arthrosc opic meniscectomy was conducted for 49 menisci of 45 patients with discoid later al meniscus tear. 41 patients had unilateral injury, and 4 bilateral. 32 knees w ere complete injury and 17 incomplete. The discoid lateral meniscus tear account ed for nearly one third of the patients with meniscus tear who received arthrosc opic meniscectomy at the same time. Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy was done f or 44 knees, total meniscectomy for 5 knees and meniscus suture for 3 knees. Aft er operation the rehabilitation training programs, including straight-leg-rais ing exercise and range-of-motion exercise, were carried out. Results The opera tions for the 45 cases were successful and there was no complication. 40 patient s were followed up. Before operation, the mean Lysholm -Ⅱscore was 55 points ( 40 to 71 points). After a mean follow-up period of 39 months, the mean Lysholm -Ⅱscore was 88 points (60 to 100 points). The excellent and good results were obtained in 85.3%of the patients. Conclusions Arthroscopic meniscectomy should be a preferred method for discoid lateral menisci tear, due to its minimal invas ion, possibility of early mobilization, a lower complication rate, and preservat ion of more meniscus structure and function. If the operation is combined with s tandard rehabilitation training, the effects can be enhanced.

Methamphetamine is a powerful stimulant of amphetamine type in the central nervous system (CNS),and recently it has become the major drugs of abuse.A lot of research results show that MA may induce dopaminergic neurotoxicity in the animal and human striatum.The mechanisms include effects on dopaminergic signaling and dopamine oxidation,glutamate induced excitotoxicity,oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines,disruption of mitochondfia,apoptosis,activation of glial cells and hyperthermia.However the mechanisms by the MA-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity are not completely understood.The paper reviewed recent progress of study on them to provide reference materials for related research.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of posterior teeth food impaction because of class Ⅱ cavity treated with resin inlay .Methods A total of 140 teeth with posterior teeth food impaction caused by bad proximal contact were averagely randomly divided into two groups ,70 teeth treated with resin inlay and 70 teeth treated with resin filling .The clinical effect was analyzed with modified USPHS 1 year later .Results The success rate in resin inlay group (95 .46% ) was superior to resin filling group (79 . 37% ) ,with significant difference(P<0 .05) .The resin inlay group had 3 defect cases with 1 edge coloring and 2 edge incomplete . While the resin filling group had 11 defect cases with 2 edge coloring ,3 edge incomplete ,2 abrasion ,4 bad proxima contraction and 2 cases filled with fracturing .Conclusion Resin inlay can better restore food impaction with class Ⅱ cavity compared with resin filling .

Resident doctor standardization training program is the necessary and important part of medical education after graduation.The Hainan branch of PLA General Hospital combines scientific and practical medical conditions and discipline characteristics of Hainan to scientifically plan the standardized treatment of cancer pain in training.This model combines lecture-based learning (LBL) teaching method and virtual demonstration for theoretical training.In practical training,we conduct problem-based learning (PBL) teaching method,situational teaching and standardized examination to systemically improve resident doctors' skill for cancer pain management.This combined teaching strategy can help resident doctors to establish correct and standard concept in future clinical practice,and enable them to establish a correct concept of treatment,and adopt two-way evaluation to continuously improve teaching quality before the end of training.

This paper presents the principles and the specific circuits of a multifunction generator of ECG signal.It discusses the choice of oarameter of all the circuits included in the small instrument.This instrurrent has been made into prototype and came-into use.