Objective The aim of this study is to elucidate the current status of hilar cholangiocarcinoma with regard to its epidemiology,clinical features,diagnosis,Bismuth-Corlette typing,pathologic categories,treatment,complication and prognosis in China.Methods Original articles published form January 1991 to August 2008 were searched in the CBM disc,VIP information and CNKI.Clinical appraisal and data extraction were conducted independently by 2 reviewers.The outcomes of 2280 procedures from 22 retrospective studies were analyzed.Results When radical resection was compared with palliative resection,the 1-yr survival rate (84.0％ vs.46.8％,OR=5.71,95％CI 3.99～8.17,P＜0.01) and 3-yr survival rate (31.5％ vs.13.5％,OR=4.43,95％CI 2.07～9.47,P＜0.01) were significantly higher.For the palliative resection group,the 1-yr survival rate of the drainage group (27.2％ vs.38.7％,OR=0.47,95％CI 0.31～0.72,P＜0.01) was significantly higher than the palliative resection group.The rate of tumor resection rose after 2002 (x2=35.9588,P＜0.01),but the rate of radical resection did not significantly rise ((2 =2.1052,P=0.1468).Conclusions Radical resection is still the optimal treatment for hilar cholangiocarcinoma.If radical resection is technically not possible,palliative drainage is a reasonable treatment.Palliative resection do not improve survival and it is not recommended.

Purpose:Our study is to find out the inhibitory action of recombinant human TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand(TRAIL) on ovarian cancer cell line cultured in vitro. Methods:MTT was applied to assay the inhibiting action of various concentration of TRAIL on two ovarian cancer cell lines of 3AO and HO-8910.The apoptosis rates were measured by flow cytometry. Results:The growth of human ovarian cancer cells was effectively inhibited by TRAIL. A clear dose- and time-dependent correlation between TRAIL concentration and the degree of apoptosis induction was observed with up to 43.20% apoptotic cells after 24 h of incubation with 50 ng/ml TRAIL. The cells assumed typical cell apoptosis configuration. Conclusions:TRAIL can effectively inhibit the growth of ovarian cancer cells and induce apoptosis of the cells.

Objective: To study the influence of ligating different sites of carotid arteries on face and nose blood flow in rabbits. Methods:Different levels of carotid arteries were ligated using laser Doppler flowmetry to observe the change of blood flow in face and nose regions before and after operation. Results: Blood flow of rabbit nose was more than that of the face region. Among the four operations of ligating different blood vessels to reduce blood flow of face and nose region, the most effective method was to ligate ipsilateral carotid artery and its branches on the same side. Conclusion: Ligation of some relating blood vessels, resulting in the establishment of collateral circulation, and the blood flow is quicker in the early stage. [

Objective To investigate urinary tract injuries in laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy(LAVH).Methods Clinical data of 5 cases of urinary tract injuries from 415 cases of LAVH from December 1995 to January 2006 in this hospital were retrospectively studied. Results Intraoperative bladder injury occurred in 2 cases and an immediate repair was given.Postoperative ureteral injury occurred in 3 cases: 2 cases of ureteral injury were found 4 days after operation because of abdominal pain,and 1 case was found on the 30th day after operation because of massive vaginal discharge.Conclusions Urinary tract injury is one of common complications in laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy.High-risk factors include tumor size more than 5 cm,tumor protruding to the broad ligament,and tumor adjacent to the isthmus.Surgical repair is the major treatment.

Objective To register two breath-hold lung volumes image from one subject with deep expiration and deep inspiration.Methods Three pairs of thoracic high resolution CT serial from three subjects were collected under two breath-hold respiration stages.The lung parenchyma of every serial was segmented using the serial segmentation algorithm.Left and right lungs were stored separately.Expiration and inspiration volume images of single lung were registered.Firstly,affine transformation parameters were found based on the anatomic flag surfaces and expiration image volume was re-sampled with affine transformation.Secondly,"Demons" algorithm was employed to register two image volumes non-rigidly.Results Two lung surfaces and the inner structures have a nice registration.The average volume overlap of two images before registration is 0.7982.After global affine transformation,it improves to 0.8936.After "Demons",it is up to 0.9544.The average descending percentage of root mean square errors is 19.83%(after the global affine transformation) and 49.43%(after the "Demons" non-rigid registration).Conclusion The intra-subject registration between two lung image volumes with large deformations described here has an effective registration result.It offers a good base to analyze the lung respiration function.

A study on 48 middle-aged and elderly joggers through exercise echocardio-graphy and measurements during systolic time intervals (STI) showed that whencompared with a control group of 26 sedentary persons, their stroke volume was44.2% and cardiac output 25.1% greater at rest, 34.3% and 15.8% greater duringequivalent load exercise, and 35.1% and 33.1% grater during equivalent heart rateexercise. In addition, their left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDd) andleft auricule diameter were also longer and the closing velocity of the mitral valveduring the early diastolic stage was greater, although their ejection fraction, AD%and STI showed no significant difference. This proves that jogging can improvecardiac pumping function by enlarging LVEDd and increasing pre-load of heart.

Objective: To investigate microencapsulation technique, release of HBsAg-PLGA microspheres and degradation of the polymer in vitro, and the level of immune response after the single-dose HBsAg-PLGA microspheres subcutaneously injected (sc) to BALB/c mice. Methods: HBsAg-PLGA microspheres were prepared by double emulsion microencapsulation technique with orthogonal experiments. The pharmaceutical characteristics of size and surface morphology, antigen loading efficiency, release of HBsAg-PLGA microspheres and degradation of the polymer in vitro, and the level of immune response after single sc of PLGA microspheres in BALB/c mice were investigated. Results: The concentration of PVA was the significant factor affecting the particle size (P

Premature ejaculation (PE) is a most common sexual dysfunction, for which dapoxetine, a novel selective serotonin (5-HT) re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI), is the only licensed oral medicine at present. With the advantages of fast absorption, rapid action, on-demand medication, and short half-life time, dapoxetine has been proved by clinical trials to be effective in prolonging the intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT) and improving the overall condition of PE patients in various areas and populations. Compared with the traditional SSRIs, dapoxetine has a better safety and tolerability. The most frequently reported dapoxetine-related adverse events include nausea, diarrhea, headache and dizziness, but with very few severe or serious cases.
Benzylamines ; therapeutic use ; Biomedical Research ; Ejaculation ; drug effects ; Humans ; Male ; Naphthalenes ; therapeutic use ; Premature Ejaculation ; drug therapy ; Reaction Time ; drug effects ; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome

Cell viability of Pichia pastoris was detected by flow cytometry (FCM) with two reagents fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and propidium iodide (PI). Compared with FDA/PI double-stained dot plots and PI single-stained dot plots,the latter could divide dead and living cells into two separate zones,and get the correct proportion. Then PI single-stained method was used to detect the change of cell viability in Pichia patoris fermentation. At glycerol batch and fed-batch phase,little dead cells were detected. At methanol fed-batch phase,cell viability decreased when cell weight increased,and was only 73.8% at 88 h.

Objective To determine the expression spectrum of microRNA(miRNA)in the lung homogenate of rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)or healthy rats,to look for differentially expressed miRNA, and to explore their potential role in pathogenesis of COPD. Methods Twenty male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into normal control group and COPD model group,with 10 rats in each group. COPD rat models were reproduced by smoke inhalation as well as intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide(LPS). The samples of the lung were harvested,and the histopathological examination of the right lung was carried out to evaluate the degree of lung injury. Total RNAs were isolated from the left lung. The miRNA expressions in lung tissue of rats with COPD or normal rats were determined by miRNA chip eichnology to screen the miRNA with differential expression, and hierarchical clustering analysis was made. The data were analyzed to study the expression difference of miRNAs between the two groups,and to construct the miRNA-Target network. Results Compared with normal control group, 20 miRNA with increased expression were found in COPD model group,the top 10 were miR-30c-2,miR-199a-5p, miR-30a, miR-145, miR-151, miR-674-5p, miR-214, miR-423, miR-28 and miR-181b, and only miR-376b-3p showed down-regulation. Hierarchical clustering analysis showed that significant differences in individual miRNA in lung tissue between rats of two groups were found. However,similar samples could not be gathered well,thus it may give rise to inconsistency during the sample preparation. Many miRNAs had multiple target genes in miRNA-Target network, such as miR-30c-2, miR-145, miR-181b, miR-181a, miR-181d, miR-199. Conclusions The study reveals that there is a variance of miRNAs expression profile in lung homogenates between COPD group and the normal control group of rats,and many miRNAs have multiple target genes,such as miR-30c-2,miR-145,miR-181b,miR-181a,miR-181d,and miR-199. Therefore,the results may be valuable to centain extent for the interpretation of COPD pathogenesis.