Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Metaphor ; Terminology as Topic ; Translations

OBJECTIVE To prevent infection during the processes of dispensation and distribution of disinfectant. METHODS All the key processes were put under strictly control including purchase,preservation of disinfectant,quality of dispensing processes and administration of the disinfectant distribution. RESULTS Both effective ingredients and microorganism were coincided with the definite criterion. CONCLUSIONS Quality control and administration of disinfectant in manufacturing laboratory is important to guarantee the quality of disinfectant dispensation and to prevent from nosocomial infection as well.

Objective·To investigate the incidence, risk factors and treatment of the catheter-related thrombosis (CRT) in breast cancer patients after implantation of totally implantable venous access port (TIVAP) in chemotherapy. Methods·A total of 190 cases after implantation of TIVAP were investigated. Color Doppler ultrasound was used to monitor the neck blood vessels to find whether there was CRT before chemotherapy and before taking out the port. The incidence of CRT, occurrence time, risk factors and treatment efficacy were observed. Results·There were 112 (58.9%) cases with CRT and 108 (56.8%) patients with asymptomatic thrombosis, and only 4 cases had symptomatic thrombosis, the incidence of which was 2.1%. Most thrombosis developed on the 21th day after catheterization, and the patients over the age of 60, with clinical stage Ⅲ - Ⅳ and chemotherapy regimens TEC (docetaxel combined pirubicin and cyclophosphamide) were the risk factors for thrombosis. All the patients with asymptomatic thrombosis accepted anticoagulant treatment with low molecular heparin, earthworms enzyme or aspirin, respectively, but there was no significant difference in efficacy in the three groups (P=0.743). Conclusion·Port catheter related symptomatic thrombosis incidence is low but the incidence of symptomatic thrombosis is high in the breast cancer patients after chemotherapy. Age, tumor stage and TEC chemotherapy regimens are the risk factors for catheter-related thrombosis.

Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Neoplasm Staging ; Radiation Dosage ; Radiosurgery ; Treatment Outcome

One of the causes of the high cost of pharmaceuticals and the major obstacles to rapidly assessing the bioavailability and risk of a chemical is the lack of experimental model systems. A new pre-treatment technology, in vitro bionic digestion was designed for metal analysis in Lianhua Qingwen capsule. The capsule was digested on 37 degrees C under the acidity of the stomach or intestine, and with the inorganic and organic compounds (including digestive enzymes) found in the stomach or intestine, and then the chyme was obtained. Being similar to the biomembrane between the gastrointestinal tract and blood vessels, monolayer liposome was used as biomembrane model Affinity-monolayer liposome metals (AMLMs) and water-soluble metals were used for metal speciation analysis in the capsule. Based on the concentration of AMLMs, the main absorption site of trace metals was proposed. The metal total contents or the concentration of AMLMs in the capsule were compared to the nutritional requirements, daily permissible dose and heavy metal total contents from the "import and export of medicinal plants and preparation of green industry state standards". The metal concentrations in the capsule were within the safety baseline levels for human consumption. After in vitro bionic digestion, most of trace metals were absorbed mainly in intestine. The concentration of As, Cd, Pb was 0.38, 0.07, 1.60 mg x kg(-1), respectively, far less than the permissible dose from the "import and export of medicinal plants and preparation of green industry state standards".
Biological Availability ; Capsules ; adverse effects ; pharmacokinetics ; Digestion ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Metals, Heavy ; adverse effects ; pharmacokinetics ; Models, Biological ; Stomach ; metabolism ; Trace Elements ; adverse effects ; pharmacokinetics

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mercury Poisoning ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Diseases ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

Objective: To investigate the developmental toxicity of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene in zebrafish embryos. Methods: AB wild-type male and female zebrafish were selected to mate and spawn, then the eggs were cultured with Holt buffer solution. Six dose groups ( 0.4, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.6, 2.0 μg/mL ), a solvent control group and a cosolvent control group, were set up with 20 embryos each. Malformations and death of embryos were observed at 48, 72 and 96 hpf ( hours post fertilization ), the mortality and 50% lethal concentration ( LC50 ) were also calculated. Results: At 48, 72 and 96 hpf, the LC50 of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene on zebrafish embryos were 1.668, 1.043 and 0.895 μg/mL, respectively, with a downward trend. After 72 hpf, when the concentration reached 2.0 μg/mL, all the zebrafish died. In the range of 0.4-2.0 μg/mL, the mortality of zebrafish at 48, 72 and 96 hpf increased with the increase of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene concentration ( all P<0.05 ); the malformation rate of zebrafish embryos at 48 hpf increased with the increase of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene concentration ( P<0.05 ). Zebrafish embryos exposed to 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene led to yolk sac edema, pericardial edema and spinal curvature. Conclusion 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene can affect the development of zebrafish embryos, which will lead to lethal and teratogenic effects.

BACKGROUND: Neural behavior is a sensitive parameter for predicting abnormal central nervous growth that is resulted from multiple factors. Therefore this study was designed to explore the influence of hypothermia and cigarette smoke exposure during pregnancy on neural behavioral growth of neonatal rats.OBJECTIVE: To study the influence of hypothermia and cigarette smoke exposure on neural behavioral growth of neonatal rats.DESIGN: Randomized case control study based on experimental animals. SETTING: Obstetric and Gynecological Department , Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College; Cytobiological Department of Xinxiang Medical College.MATERIALS: Totally 270 healthy unpregnant SD rats were obtained, including 180 males with body mass of 190- 210 g, and 90 female rats with body mass of 225-275 g. Rats were raised with granulated feed and drinking water routinely in room of 25 ℃ with natural sunlight. Male and female rats in estrus were put in the same cage overnight in proportion of 2: 1, pregnancy was confirmed if vaginal bolt was observed the following morning. Totally 160 pregnant rats were obtained and randomly divided into 16 groups that were exposed to hyperthermia, cigarette smoke or their combination and by this way, earlier reflex, learning and memory of neonatal rats were observed after natural delivery,INTERVENTIONS: From the second day of pregnancy, rats in 37 ℃, 41 ℃,42 ℃ hyperthermia combining cigarette group received subcutaneous injection of 1 mL smoke hydrotrope every other day, while rats in 25 ℃ control group and 37 ℃, 41 ℃, 42 ℃ single hyperthemia groupwere given 2.0 mL double distilled water every day for totally 7 times. From the pregnancy of 10 days, pregnant rats were put into incubator, and rats anus temperature should be kept respectively at(37 ±0.5) ℃, (41 ±0.5)℃, (42 ±0.5)℃in the 37 ℃, 41 ℃, 42 ℃ of single hyperthemia groups and the temperature should last for 2.0 minutes; nats of 37 ℃, 41 ℃, 42 ℃hyperthemia combining cigarette group received the same treatment and were divided into four subgroups with the duration of 0. 5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 minutes respectively;rats in 25℃ control group were not exposed to hyperthermia. Rats were then singly raised from the pregnancy of 18 days for natural delivery. Pregnant days, number of neonatal rat and death rats were recorded, and visible malformation was observed. The average body masses of each cote of neonatal rats were measured every week. Time of eye-opening, ear-opening, hair-growing and teething were observed for assessing their physical growth. Reflex and sensory function of neonatal rats, such as planar tuning, spatial turning, visual orientation and auditory surprise was observed at 3, 7, 12, 16 days after birth respectively; The mean targeting time of each cote was used as reference for assessing their feflex. Y-lybirinth test was used for assessing learning and memory function of neonatal rats(30 days after birth).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Main outcomes: Reflex and sensory, such as planar tuning, spatial turning, visual orientation and auditory surrise. ② Secondary outcomes: Influence of hyperthemia and cigarette exposure on learning memory function of neonatal rats.RESULTS: For hyperthermia group(41C and 42C), targeting time of neonatal rat physical growth(eye-opening, ear-opening, hair-growing and teething) and reflex sensory function(planar tuning, spatial turning, nvisual orientation and auditory surprise), as well as learning and memory(minute) were obviously delayed in contrast with those of the control group and 37 C group(χ2 = 11.34, P ＜0.01 ); meanwhile, longer hyperthermia exposure (1.5 minutes) combined with cigarette smoke had supplementary effect on the above neural behaviors, which was significantly different from that of single hyperthermia group(χ2=10.29, P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Abnormal neural behavior of neonatal rats, such as growing retardation, learning and memory obstacle could be induced by the combination of longer hyperthemia exposure and cigarette smoke.

Objective To confirmthe protective effect of nerve growth factor (NGF)on cadiac adrenergie nerve in rats after acute myocardial infarction(AMI)and its mechanism.Methods 120 Wister rats were divided in-to sham-operated group.AMI group and NGF group.The samples were taken after6 h, d,4 d-7 d and 14 d sepa-lately.Immunohistochemistry method WaS used to show the distribution of adrenergic nerve fibers.The density of them were calculated by Medical Pathobgical Image Analysis Processing System.Results ①The densities of adrenergic nerve fibers in AMI group were obviously lower than that of sham-operated group greatly in 6 h and 2 d.4 d-7 d and14 d later.②The densities of adrenergic innervation in NGF group were obviously higher than that of AMI group 7 dand 14 d later.Conclusion NGF has protection effect 011 cardLac adrenergic nerve after AMI in the rat.

Objective To compare the value of pacemaker implantation using the subclavian vein (SCV) puncture and thecephalic vein(CV) cutdown approach.Methods One hundred and forty-six patients were randomized into SCV group (98 patients) and CV group (48 patients).We observed the success rate,surgery duration,fluoroscopy time and complications of the two groups.Results The SCV group had significantly higher success rate,shorter duration of surgery and fluoroscopy than the CV group (success rate:100％ (98/98) vs.89％ (43/48),x2 =10.5,P ＜ 0.05 ; duration of surgery:(118 ± 35) min vs.(256 ± 75)min,t =12.12,P ＜0.01 ; duration of fluoroscopy:(15 ±5) min vs.(35 ± 10) min,t =13.08,P ＜0.01).Both groups had one case who developed compilations which were pocket hematoma and wire electrode dislocation respectively.The rate of complications was not significantly different between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The SCV approach should be considered a preferable access in pacemaker implantation.