All the collected original electroencephalograph (EEG) signals were the subjects to low-frequency and spike noise. According to this fact, we in this study performed denoising based on the combination of wavelet transform and independent component analysis (ICA). Then we used three characteristic parameters, complexity, approximate entropy and wavelet entropy values, to calculate the preprocessed EEG data. We then made a distinguishing judge on the EEG state by the state change rate of the characteristic parameters. Through the anesthesia and non-anesthesia EEG data processing results showed that each of the three state change rates could reach about 50.5%, 21.6%, 19.5%, respectively, in which the performance of wavelet entropy was the highest. All of them could be used as a foundation in the quantified research of depth of anesthesia based on EEG analysis.
Anesthesia ; Electroencephalography ; Entropy ; Humans ; Wavelet Analysis

[Summary] This article briefly reviewed the application of advanced navigation technology in spinal surgery .By comparing advantages and disadvantages of the current application of navigation equipment , we pointed out the development direction of spinal navigation technology .

Objective To study the levels of serum MCP-1 and sICAM-1 in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE) and to explore the clinical value of serum MCP-1 and sICAM 1 for judgment and prognosis of brain damage in neonates with HIE.Methods The levels of serum MCP-1 and sICAM-1 in the 1 st and 7th day after birth of the 53 cases term infant with HIE(29 cases were mild HIE,15 cases were moderate HIE and 9 cases were severe HIE) were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),and compared with 20 cases of normal newborns.Results The levels of serum MCP-1 and sICAM-1 in mild,moderate and severe HIE groups were all significantly higher than those in controls(P ＜ 0.05) ;With increasing of the degree of brain injury,the levels of serum MCP-1 and sICAM-1 increased (P ＜ 0.05) ; Compared with acute period (the 1 st day after birth),the levels of serum MCP-1 and sICAM-1 were clearly decreased in recovery stage(the 7th day after birth) in all HIE groups.Conclusion MCP-1 and sICAM-1 may play important roles in the pathogenesis of neonatal HIE and have clinical value in the diagnosis and treatment.

The farnesoid X receptor(FXR)is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily.It was studied extensively as a receptor for bile acids at first and found to control the metabolism of bile acids.In the past several years,FXR has been found that besides maintaining the homeostasis of bile acids,it also regulates the metabolism of lipid and carbohydrate,protects hepatocytes,promotes hepatic regeneration,inhibits hepatic fibrosis,regulates intestinal bacterial growth,etc.This article reviews the study progression of FXR,especially in the new discovery of FXR functions.

[Objective]To study the operative methods and effects of limb salvage with rotating hinge prosthesis replacement for malignant tumors around the knee.[Method]Limb salvage surgery with rotating hinge prosthesis replacement were performed in 14 patients with malignant bone tumors around the knee.There were 9 cases in distal femoral,5 cases in proximal tibia.[Result]Forteen patients were followed up for 17~65 months(averaged,4 months).The satisfactory rates were 85.7%,the extension and flexion spheres of knee activity were respectively 0? and 90?~130?(averaged,110?).There was recurrence in one patient after operation,infection one;prosthetic loosening one.[Conclusion]Application of rotating hinge prosthesis knee replacement in limb salvage treatment of malignant tumor around the knee is an effect method.It is an effect method for the treatment of malignant tumor of the knee by using rotating hinge prosthesis.It can decrease the strength of the bone-prosthetic and the incidence of the occurrence of fatigue fracture and the loosening of prosthetic.

Objective To evaluate the outcomes of pregnancy of unknown location (PUL) with serial of serum β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) and transvaginal sonography.Methods A retrospective study was performed to analyze the relationship between serial serum β-hCG and transvaginal sonography among 315 women who were diagnosed with nonvisible intrauterine pregnancy during Jan 2015 to Dec 2015.Results The pregnancy outcomes of 315 women included 254 intrauterine pregnancies,43 ectopic pregnancies,and 18 spontaneously resolving miscarriages or spontaneously resolving ectopic pregnancies.The serial serum β-hCG curve was classified as rising hCG levels,declining or plateauing hCG levels.Different pregnancy outcomes could exhibit as rising or declining hCG curves.Conclusions It is critical to perform two or more serial serum β-hCG examinations followed by transvaginal sonography to establish the correct diagnosis for PUL.

AIM: To analyzed the effect of keratoconjunctivitis sicca treated by different medicines after phacoemulsification in patients with diabetes.METHODS: Totally 78 diabetic patients 78 eyes with keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) after phacoemulsification from March 2015 to March 2016 were selected and divided into two groups using random number table.In Group A, 39 eyes were treated with pranoprofen eye drops + artificial tears + Qiming granules.In Group B, 39 eyes were treated with pranoprofen eye drops + artificial tears.the two groups were observed for clinical symptoms, tear film break up time(BUT), corneal fluorescein staining and adverse reaction and so on before and after treatment.RESULTS: Total effective rate of Group A was 97%, significantly higher than that of Group B (64%)(P<0.05).After treatment, symptoms and signs scores of the two groups were significantly lower, BUT were significantly prolonged.At 1, 2wk and 1mo after treatment, symptoms and signs scores of Group A were significantly lower the BUT was longer than those of Group B (P<0.05).Corneal fluorescein staining of Group A at 2wk was lower than that of Group B (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The combined therapy, pranoprofen eye drops + artificial tears + Qiming granules, is able to quickly and effectively improve the clinical symptoms and signs, with no serious adverse reactions for keratoconjunctivitis sicca after phacoemulsification in patients with diabetes.

Objective To investigate the etiology,prognosis and risk factors of hospitalized elaerly patients with acute renal failure(ARF).Methods The clinical data of elderly patients with ARF in our hospital from De-cember 2003 to December 2006 were studied prospectively.The clinical features were comparea with those of the non-aged patients with ARF during the same period.Results Of 320 patients,135(42.2%)were identified with the onset of ARF.Infections and postrenal obstructive diseases were the major causes of ARF in the elderly.Fifty-one dead patients in the young,thirty-one in the 60-79 years old group,and twenty in the above 80 years old group(P<0.05).The results of logistic regression analysis suggested that oliguria,previous renal inadequacy and heart failure were the related risk factors of prognosis.Conclusion The incidence and mortality of hospitalized elderly patients with ARF are high.With the rising of age.the mortality of ARF increases.Dialysis in time might improve the progno-sis of ARF.

Objective To investigate the cause,prognosis and risk factors of hospitalized patients with acute renal failure(ARF). Methods The clinical data of patients with ARF in our hospital from December 2003 to December 2006 were studied retrospectively. Results There were 108 744 admissions during the study period and 320 met with the diagnostic criteria of ARF.Of 320 ARF patients,135(42.2%)were indentified with the onset of the disease over or at the age of 60.Infection,heart failure and drug were the major causes of ARF.The overall mortality rate of ARF patients was 31.9%.The mortality rate of the elderly was significantly higher than that of the non-elderly.The Logistic regression analysis revealed that heart failure,respiratory failure and malignant tumor were the related risk factors of prognosis.The mortality in replacement therapy group was lower than that in conservative treatment group (23.2% vs 35.6%,P＜0.05).Conclusions The incidence and mortality of hospitalized patients with acute renal failure are high.The prognosis of replacement therapy group is better than conservative treatment group.

Objective To study the preventive effects of selective bile ductal cannulation using an aqua-coat tipped Metro tracer guidewire on pancreatitis and hyperamylasemia after ERCP. Methods A total of 291 patients with biliary disease were enrolled in the study. The patients were randomized into the guidewire group (n= 149) and the control group (n= 142). In the guidewire group, the bile duct was first accessed by insertion of an aqua-coat tipped Metro tracer (diameter 0. 029 inch) guidewire through a 5.5Fdouble channel ERCP-tube to judge the bile duct by the direction of guidewire. As soon as cannulation was accomplished, the guidewire was removed to allow injection of contrast medium and other therapeutic manipulation. In the control group, the bile duct was opacified by the traditional method of cannulation of the biliary tree followed by single ERCP-tube cannulation, judgment of the bile duct by injection of contrast medium and performance of other therapeutic procedures. The incidences of post-ERCP pancreatitis and hyperamylasemia were compared between the 2 groups. Results The selective bile ductal cannulation was successfully conducted in 145 patients in the guidewire group and 138 in the control group. The incidences of post-ERCP pancreatitis and hyperamylasemia were significantly lower in the guidewire group than in the control group. Pancreatitis tended to be less severe for patients in the guidewire group. Conclusion Using the Double-Crossing method in selective bile ductal cannulation with an aqua-coat tipped Metro tracer guidewire reduced not only the frequencies of post-ERCP pancreatitis and hyperamylasemia but also the severity of post-ERCP pancreatitis.