Aim To explore the effect of exogenous nerve growth factor(NGF) on tau hyperphosphorylation in rat hippocampus during focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion(I/R).Methods Focal cerebral ischemi-a/reperfusion model was induced by occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery using the intraluminal suture method.The level of tau hyperphosphorylation at Ser199/202 site and total tau in rat ispolateral hippocampal CA1 regions during focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion were detected by SABC immunohistochemical method and Western blot,and the positive products were analyzed by image analysis system.Results The level of tau hyperphosphorylation at Ser199/202 site and total tau in rat hippocampal CA1 regions were significantly higher in I/R group than that in sham group(P

Objective To assess the concordance of MRI diagnosis for patients suspected of lumbar disk herniation by using Kappa statistic.Methods One hundred patients(48 males and 52 females)with lumbosaeral radicular pain,aged from 17 to 86(average 61).All patients underwent fast spin-echo T1 and T2 weighted imaging on a 3.0 T MR scanner and spine surface coil.Two radiologists(doctor A and doctor B)evaluated the lumbar disks from L3-4,L4-5.and L5-S1 in 50 out of the 100 patients independently.The presence of a bulging disk or a herniation was reported.Images were interpreted twice:once before and once after disclosure of clinical information.And disks of 52 patients out of the 100 samples were interpreted by the two radiologists independently without clinical information as well.The Kappa statistics was employed to assess the concordance of each radiologist's diagnoses as well as the observer variation of the two radiologists.Results Diagnoses before and after disclosure to clinical information were concordant in 114 disks for doctor A and in 109 for doctor B.respectively.Diagnoses before and after disclosure to clinical information were not concordant in 36 disks for doctor A and in 41 disks for doctor B,respectively.The Kappa values were 0.60±0.06 and 0.57±0.06 for doctor A and doctor B,respectively.The concordance was moderate.After disclosure to elinical information.the numbers of reported bulging disks increased significantly.by 10 and 31 for doctor A and doctor B,respectively.Without clinical information,the diagnoses of the two radiologists were concordant in 77 disks,while not concordant in 79 disks.The interobserver agreement was poor(Kappa=0.24±0.06).The diffcrence on diagenoses made between with and without clinical information mainly happened on the differential diagnosis of normal disks and bulging disks.The different,diagnoses made between with and without clinical information were on 20 disks and on 30 disks for doctor A and doctor B,respectively;that accounted for 55.6%(20/36)and 73.2%(30/41)of total variation respectively.The diagnostic difference between the 2 doctors happened mainly on differentiation of bulging disks and normal disks,which happened in 56 disks,aceountiong for 70.9%(56/79)of total variation.Conclusion Variation on diagnoses of the same radiologist or between tworadiologists was mainly caused by disagreement on bulging disks.

Objective To study the changes of serum proteomic spectra in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) before and after treatment in order to detect the protein biomarkers.Methods Proteomic spectra from serum of 50 NPC patients before radiotherapy,25 NPC patients who achieved complete remission(CR) after radiotherapy, and 40 persons from normal control subjects were analyzed by CM-10 protein chip and surface-enhanced laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. Results Expressed proteins in serum were screened by analysis of the proteomic spectra of pre-radiotherapy patients and normal individuals. 4 kinds of proteins with the relative molecular masses of 2931,4098,5343,13 766 made up markers pattern which was able to classify the patients and normal individuals. The sensitivity and specificity results were 90.0% and 90. 0% , respectively. The twenty differential expression protein peaks of patients before and after radiotherapy were obviously different. The relative molecular masses of 2931 , 4182, 4688 and 13 766 were up-regulated in untreated NPC, while were close to the normal levels in CR group. Two other protein peaks of 4098 and 5343 were down-regulated in untreated NPC group, which were close to normal levels in CR group. Conclusions The expressions of protein levels are different before and after radiotherapy in NPC patients. Protein signatures of NPC may be screened using SELDI-TOF-MS. Those signatures may be helpful in assessing the minimal residual disease and predicting the treatment efficacy.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of polyamide on the separation on phenolic acids components by nanofiltra-tion process. METHODS:Phenolic acids components were selected as targets,extracted from the Salvia miltiorrhiza,Lonicera ja-ponica or intermediate preparations (tea polyphenols) with water,and filtered with membranes with different pore sizes. The con-tent changes of components were analyzed by HPLC. RESULTS:Danshensu,protocatechuic aldehyde and caffeic acid could better transmit nanofiltration membranes with 3 different pore sizes;with the decrease of pore size,the rejection rates of neochlorogenic acid,chlorogenic acid,rosmarinci acid,ECG and EGCG grew in different levels. But salvianolic acid B was almost retained by the membrane with low molecular weight except 600-800 Da. CONCLUSIONS:Molecular weight importantly influenced nanofiltra-tion separation on phenolic acid components;nanofiltration has a good prospect in enrichment of phenolic acids components.

Objective:To explore the effects of gentiana scabra bage on the expression of hepatic collagen proteins in Paragonimus skrjabinirats with liver fibrosis.Methods:Immunohistochemical technique was used to observe the changes of content of hepatic type Ⅰ, Ⅱ collagen proteins in Paragonimus skrjabinirats with liver fibrosis before and after the gentiana scabra bage treatmeat. Results:Comparing with the model group, changes of hepatic type Ⅰand type Ⅱ collagen proteins in gentiana scabra bage treated group were significantly weakened.Conclusions:Gentiana scabra bage treatment can reduce the content of hepatic type Ⅱ and typeⅠcollagen protein significantly in Paragonimus skrjabinirats with liver fibrosis, thereby, playing the role against hepatic fibrosis.

Objective To investigate the role of autophagy in radiation-induced death response of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.Methods MTT method was used to detect cell viability of CNE-2 cells in different time after irradiation.Clonogenic survival assay was used to evaluate the effect of autophagy inhibitor (chloroquine phosphate) and autophagy inductor (rapamycin) on radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.Cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry.The expressions of LC3 and P62 were measured with Western blot.Cell ultrastructural analysis was performed under an electron microscope.Results Irradiation with 10 Gy induced a massive accumulation of autophagosomes accompanied with up-regulation of LC3-Ⅱ expression in CNE-2 cells.Compared with radiation alone,chloroquine phosphate (CDP) enhanced radiosensitivity significantly by decreasing cell viability (F =25.88,P ＜ 0.05),autophagic ratio (F =105.15,P ＜ 0.05),and LC3-Ⅱ protein level(F =231.68,P ＜0.05),while up-regulating the expression of P62 (F =117.52,P ＜ 0.05).Inhibition of autophagy increased radiation-induced apoptosis (F =143.72,P ＜ 0.05).Rapamycin (RAPA) also significantly decreased cell viability,but increased autophagic ratio and LC3-Ⅱ protein level while down-regulated the expression of P62.Induction of autophagy increased radiation-induced apoptosis(F =167.32,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Blockage of autophagy with CDP could enhance radiosensitivity in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells,suggesting that inhibition of autophagy could be used as an adjuvant treatment to nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Chinese meaning and English translation of Jing, Luo, Mai, Jingluo, Jingmai and other terminology of Chinese medicine are compared from both writing and medical theory, raising that the Jingmai in the Internal Classic should include both the channel system and the vessel system. From the form of the characters or functions and structures, the Jing is longitude and the Luo is net, Mai is vessels, and the concept and function of Jingluo (channels and collaterals) and Jingmai (the meridians and vessels) do not allow obscure. In ancient times, Jing and Mai were jointly called as Jingmai, aimed at understanding network state of the channels and collateral system through tangible distribution of the vesselar system. Translation of "Jing mai" as the meridians and collaterals or channels and collaterals practically is only translated a half of real meaning of Jingmai.
Language ; Meridians ; Translating

TCM viscera-state theory is an important component of TCM basal theories, accurate English translation of viscera-state terminology is directly related with correct and comprehensive understanding of overseas scholars for TCM visceral functional activities. In the past 30 years, TCM propagation in overseas makes the translation level has increase of a quite degree, but English translation of viscera-state terminology still has some problems to be discussed and improved. In the present paper, the author gives examples to illustrate some problems in English translation of viscera-state terminology and puts forward own opinions to improve the translation from changes of ancient and today terms, textual research of visceral functions and investigation of clinical diseases and syndromes, etc..
Language ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Terminology as Topic ; Translating

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (SFRP4) and the first-phase of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic β cell under different glucose tolerance statuses. Methods Fifty-six patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM group), 52 patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT group), and 42 subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT group) underwent intravenous glucose tolerance test. Fasting serum SFRP4 and interleukin ( IL)-1β were assayed by ELISA. Acute insulin response ( AIR), the area under the curve of the first-phase (0-10 min) insulin secretion (AUC), glucose disposition index(GDI), homeostasis model assessment for β cell function index(HOMA-β), and insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR) were calculated. Results (1) The levels of SFRP4 and IL-1β in T2DM group and IGT group were significantly higher than that in NGT group [(184. 38 ± 61. 34 or 141. 64 ± 40. 46 or 95. 46 ± 20. 13)ng/ ml, P<0. 01]. AIR, AUC, and GDI in T2DM group and IGT group were significantly lower than those in NGT group(P<0. 01), and these results were more significantly reduced in T2DM group compared with those in IGT group. (2) SFRP4 was negatively correlated with AIR, AUC, GDI, HOMA-β (P<0. 01), and positively correlated with fasting plasma glucose, 2 h plasma glucose after glucose loading, HbA1C , IL-1β, and high sensitive C-reactive protein(P<0. 01). (3) Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that AUC, HOMA-IR, and serum IL-1β level were independently associated with SFRP4. Conclusion The concentration of serum SFRP4 is closely correlated with the glycolipid metabolic disorder, the first-phase of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and chronic low-grade inflammation. SFRP4 may be involved in the mechanism of β cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective To perform mutation analysis of survival motor neuron gene 1 (SMN1 in two spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) patients and their parents to evaluate the effects of the two SMN1 gene mutations on the transcript levels of the gene and preliminarily predict their effects on the structure and function of SMN protein.Methods Mutation analysis of SMN1 gene was carried out by multiplex ligationdependent probe amplification,reverse transcript-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and cloning sequencing.Transmission of the mutations was confirmed by the mutation analysis in patients' parents.The full-length SMN1 (SMN1-fl) transcript levels of the patients carrying these subtle mutations were detected using quantitative RT-PCR.Results The two patients were diagnosed as SMA Ⅱ and SMA Ⅲ.They carried p.Val19GlyfsX21 and p.Ala2Gly SMN1 mutations in SMN1 gene,respectively.Both of the two mutations were originated from their fathers.Compared with the healthy individuals (23.5 ± 4.9),the two patients had a significant reduction in the level of SMN1-fl transcripts (t =3.322,P =0.011 (p.Ala2Gly) ;t =6.964,P =0.000 (p.Val19GlyfsX21)).However,compared with the healthy carriers (14.1 ±4.5),the patient with p.Ala2Gly mutation had no significant reduction in the level of SMN1-fl transcripts (13.9 ±3.6,t =0.058,P =0.955) ; however,the patient with p.Val19GlyfsX21 mutation had a significant reduction (4.9± 2.4,t =3.725,P =0.004).Conclusions Two SMN1 gene mutations are identified in our study.The mutation p.Val19GlyfsX21 is a novel mutation and p.Ala2Gly is firstly reported in Chinese SMA patients.p.Val19GlyfsX21 may possibly lead to decreased SMN1-fl mRNA by nonsense-mediated messenger RNA decay,however,p.Ala2Gly has no obvious effects on the amount of the SMN1-fl transcripts,indicating that its deleterious effect may be occurring at SMN protein level or the function of SMN protein.