Objective To explore the pit patterns of mucosal atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia of gastric mucosa and early gastric cancer by magnifying chromoendoscopy. Methods The pit patterns of gastric mucosa of 594 patients with gastrosia were observed with electronic magnifying endoscopy (Olympus GIF Q-240Z) assisted with methylene blue staining. Biopsies were taken from suspicious sites as observed after magnification for histopathologic examination. Results The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of magnifying chromoendoscopy for mucosal atrophy were 74.6%, 90.4% and 84.1%, respectively. In the central part of mild atrophic areas gastric pits were found to be decreased in quantity or even disappeared, while in severe atrophic area, scar-like changes were seen due to the disappearance of pits, with elongation and tortuosity of surrounding. Mucosa with intestinal metaplasia was lightly stained by methylene blue, and pit patterns appeared as villi, scars or coarse lines. Mucosa of dysplasia or early gastric cancer was heavily stained by methylene blue, and gastric pits were amorphous and irregular in size. Conclusion Gastric mucosal atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia and early gastric cancer have their peculiar pit patterns, and magnifying chomoendoscopy may be useful in the diagnosis of these lesions.

Objective:To study the fear extent toward root canal therapy (RCT).Methods: A survey with questionnaires was conducted in 103 adult patients who had received RCT.Results:44.7% of the subjects reported a decrease in fearfulness to endodontic procedures as the result of having experienced RCT.Local anesthetic injection,file introducing into or working in root canals and tapping on a sore tooth were ranked as 6th,5th,7th for the fear.Only 50.4% of the patients would choose RCT again for teeth preserving treatment.Conclusion:The fear extent toward RCT depends on the steps of the procedure.Local anesthetic injection,file introducing into or working in root canals and tapping on a sore tooth may be the most factors for anxiety in patients.

BACKGROUND: Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has similar water content as human tissues, good biocompatibility and high mechanical strength, thereby being utilized as tissue-engineered matrix material. However, the modification in cellular affinity benefits the function as tissue regeneration scaffold materials. OBJECTIVE: To prepare chitosan (CS) / PVA composite scaffold and explore the feasibility of serving as a scaffold for tissue engineering. METHODS: Scaffolds of CS/PVA was fabricated by blending PVA-124 with various amounts of CS using film forming, particle forming, and free-drying methods. Water content, light transmittance, and swelling ratio were tested. Scanning electron microscope was used to observe the configuration of the cress section. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 7 different proportional scaffolds were obtained with different PVA and CS dosage. The composite film showed light transmittance between 70%-80%, high water content between 121.2%-162.5% and swelling ratio between 60.3%-133.7%.Composita particle and sponge obtained water content between 82.0%-461.2% and 280.8%-1 939.0%. Composite scaffold with the amount ratio of PVA 0.75 g/CS 0.15 g exhibited the best performance. Scanning electron microscope showed that at a mass ratio of PVA 0.75 g/CS 0.15 g, the scaffold prepared by freeze-drying method had regular, tluffy inner structure, with good mechanics and high water content.

BACKGROUND:Polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)has similar water content as human tissues,good biocompatibility and high mechanical strength,thereby being utilized as tissue-engineered matrix material.However,the modification in cellular affinity benefits the function as tissue regeneration scaffold materials.OBJECTIVE:To prepare chitosan(CS)/PVA composite scaffold and explore the feasibility of serving as a scaffold for tissue engineering.METHODS:Scaffolds of CS/PVA was fabricated by blending PVA-124 with various amounts of CS using film forming,particle forming,and free-drying methods.Water content,light transmittance,and swelling ratio were tested.Scanning electron microscope was used to observe the configuration of the cross section.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 7 different proportional scaffolds were obtained with different PVA and CS dosage.The composite film showed light transmittance between 70%-80%,high water content between 121.2%-162.5% and swelling ratio between 60.3%-133.7%.Composite particle and sponge obtained water content between 82.0%-461.2% and 280.8%-1 939.0%.Composite scaffold with the amount ratio of PVA 0.75 g/CS 0.15 g exhibited the best performance.Scanning electron microscope showed that at a mass ratio of PVA 0.75 g/CS 0.15 g,the scaffold prepared by freeze-drying method had regular,fluffy inner structure,with good mechanics and high water content.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of laparoscopic radical gastrectomy in elderly patients with advanced gastric cancer.Methods The clinical data of 85 elderly patients with advanced gastric cancer who were admitted to the Ningbo First Hospital from January 2012 to June 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.Laparoscopic radical gastrectomy was performed on 46 patients (LRG group) and open radical gastrectomy on 39 patients (ORG group).All the patients underwent primary tumor resection for gastric cancer + D2 lymph node dissection,and the postoperative recovery plans were done according to enhanced recovery program.The volume of blood loss,number of lymph node dissected,operation time,intraoperative arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxid (PaCO2),time to anal exsufflation,indwelling time of gastric tube,time for out-off-bed activity,time for fluid diet intake,postoperative hemoglobin,duration of hospital stay and occurrence of complications in the 2 groups were analyzed.The follow-up by outpatient examination and telephone interview was carried out on patients up to August 2014.The count data were analyzed by the chi-square test and Fisher exact probability.The measurement data with normal distribution were presented as x ± s and analyzed using the t test.The t' test was used if the data were deficient.Results Surgical procedures in the 2 groups were successfully carried out and no perioperative death occurred.There was no conversion to open surgery in the LRG group.The resection margins in all the patients were negative.The operation time and number of lymph node dissection in the LRG group were (239 ±68)minutes and 27 ± 10,compared with (227 ±50)minutes and 26 ± 10 in the ORG group,with significant differences (t =0.919,0.179,P ＞ O.05).PaCO2 in the LRG group was (41 ± 5) mmHg (1 mmHg =0.133 kPa),which was significantly higher than(36 ± 5) mmHg in the ORG group (t =4.745,P ＜ 0.05).The volume of blood loss was (102 ± 44)mL in the LRG group,which was significantly less than (200 ± 120) mL in the OPG group (t' =-4.807,P ＜ 0.05).The postoperative level of hemoglobin in the LRG was (110 ± 15) g/L,which was significantly higher than (98 ± 27)g/L in the ORG group (t' =2.471,P ＜ 0.05).The time to anal exsufflation,indwelling time of gastric tube,time for out-off-bed activity,time for fluid diet intake,duration of hospital stay in the LRG group were (2.6 ± 0.7) days,(2.1 ± 0.7) days,(1.1 ± 0.3) days,(4.1 ± 0.7) days and (11 ± 4) days,which were significantly different from (4.8 ± 1.5) days,(4.0 ± 1.8) days,(4.5 ± 0.6) days,(5.9 ± 1.8) days and (18 ± 3) days in the OR G group (t' =-8.415,-6.206,-33.831,-5.879,t =9.632,P＜0.05).Eight patients in the LRG group and 15 patients in the ORG group had complications,with the incidence of complications of 17.4％ (8/46) and 38.5％ (15/39),respectively,showing a significant difference (x2 =4.748,P ＜ 0.05).Forty-four patients in the LRG group and 36 patients in the ORG gorup were followed up for 2-25 months,1 patient in the LRG group and 2 patients in the ORG group died and others had full recovery.Conclusions Laparoscopic radical gastrectomy could provide a safe and complete tumor resection for elderly patients with advanced gastric cancer compared with open radical gastrectomy,meanwhile,it can improve postoperative recovery and reduce postoperative complications in elderly patients with advanced gastric cancer.

AIM:To observe the therapeutic effect of dihydromyricetin on experimental schistosoma japonicum hepatic fibrosis in mice. METHODS:60 mice infected with schistosma japonicum cercariae percutanoeusly were divided into 3 groups:model group,praziquantel group, praziquantel plus dihydromyricetin group and other 20 normal mice were used as control group.After treatment with medicine for 8 weeks,the liver was removed and weighed.The contents of ALT and AST in serum were assayed using the corresponding kits.Moreover, the degree of hepatic fibrosis was observed Via HE and was scored.The expression of collagenⅠprotein and collagenⅢprotein were measured by immunohistochernical method.RESULTS: The mice that infected with schistosoma japonicum, had a featuring increment in liver weights,serum ALT,AST contents,the expression of collagenⅠprotein,collagenⅢprotein (P

Objective:To investigate the expression of microRNA-199a/b-3p (miR-199a/b-3p) in hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC) tissues,and to explore the relationship with clinical outcomes. Methods: Real time quantitative PCR technique was used to measure the expression of miRNA-199a/b-3p in HCC tissues. The correlation between miR-199a/b-3p expression and the clinic pathological features of patients were analyzed. Results: Comparing with adjacent control, miRNA-199a/b-3p presented lower expressions in HCC tissues (P<0. 05);lower miR-199a/b-3p was found correlated with metastasis and poor survival. Conclusion:MiR-199a/b-3p take a crucial role in HCC metastasis and recurrence.

Objective To investigate the effect of intermittent hypoxia on neuronal apoptosis and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in rat hippocampus,in order to explore the potential mechanism of hippocampal neuronal apoptosis induced by intermittent hypoxia.Methods Twenty-four Wistar male rats (280-350 g) were randomly divided into three groups:the normal control,intermittent normoxia and intermittent hypoxia group (n=8 each).The animal model of intermittent hypoxia was established by an automated nitrogen/oxygen profile system.The three groups were respectively exposed to continuous normoxia (21 ％O2),cyclical normoxia (21 ％O2),and cyclical hypoxia [alternating between normoxia (21 ％ O2) and hypoxia (5 ％ O2),every 120 seconds] throughout the eight hours of light time(8:00-16:00).The rats were dissected and the hippocampus was removed at the end of the designated duration of exposures for six weeks.TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) was used to detect the apoptotic rate of the hippocampus region in each group.Reverse transcription-PCR,immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blotting were used to examine mRNA and protein expressions of iNOS in the hippocampus tissue.Results The apoptotic rate of hippocampal neurons was higher in intermittent hypoxia group than in intermittent normoxia group [(28.236±0.081) ％ vs.(9.341±0.026)％,P＜0.05].The mRNA and protein expressions of iNOS were higher in intermittent hypoxia group than in intermittent normoxia group (3.394± 1.344 vs.0.125±0.040,7.793±0.052 vs.1.356±0.039,both P＜0.05].Conclusions Intermittent hypoxia can induce hippocampal neuronal apoptosis in rats,accompanied by the upregulation of iNOS gene transcription and protein expression,which indicates that iNOS may involve in the process of hippocampal neuronal apoptosis induced by intermittent hypoxia.

BACKGROUND:Although bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels from multiple myeloma patients present a variety of abnormalities, it is unclear how these abnormal mesenchymal stem cels influence the chemotactic function of myeloma cel lines.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate thein vitro effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels from normal donors versus multiple myeloma patients on the chemotactic capacity of myeloma cel lines.
METHODS:In vitro cultured bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels derived from either normal donors (N-MSCs group) or newly-diagnosed multiple myeloma patients (MN-MSCs group) were directly co-cultured with U266 cels, in the presence or absence of bortezomib; and then harvested U266 cels were assayed for Transwel migration and mRAN expression of chemotaxis-related genes. U266 Transwel migration to conditioned medium derived from either N-MSCs or MN-MSCs was also tested.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After co-cultured with N-MSCs or MN-MSCs, U266 cels harvested from MN-MSCs group showed increased spontaneous Transwel migration and up-regulated CCR1 mRNA level than those from N-MSCs group (P < 0.05), whatever bortezomib was present or not. However, there was no evident difference between U266 cel Transwel migration to conditioned medium derived from either MM-MSCs group or N-MSCs group. Our study implies that there may be some intrinsic aberrance in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels derived from multiple myeloma patients, which can modulate the chemotactic migration of myeloma cel lines when they directly interact with each other.

ObjectiveTo study the expression of telomerase of fibroblasts in the formation and development of scar,and to investgate the relationship between the telomerase activity and the formation and development of scar.MethodsExpression of telomerase was detected by immunohistochemical techniques in 18 specimens from granulation tissue,17 keloid,16 specimens from hypertrophic scar,28 specimens from mature scar,32 specimens from normal skin,and SPSS16.0 statistics software was used to analyze the relationship between telomerase and scar.Results It was shown that the positive expression rate of telomerase in the granulation tissue group was 94.4 ％,that in the keloid group was 58.8 ％,that in the hypertrophic scar group was 18.8 ％, and that in the mature scar and in the normal skin was zero. comparisons between groups,in addition to the normal scar group and normal skin group,other groups were statistically significant differences.ConclnsionsScar formation is a process with multi-factor participation,while telomerase activation is an important factor. Detecting telomerase activity in the development process of scar formation may determine the prognosis.Through the control of telomerase activity in the pathogenesis of scar may become a new approach of scar treatment.