Objective　To observe the curative effect and sid e effect of the gastrokinetic agent mosapride citrate by RCT. Methods　 42 cases of functional dyspepsia (FD) were divided into two groups rando mly, the group of mosapride(21 cases):orally administrated mosapride, 5mg, t.i.d for 4 weeks, and the control (21 cases):orally administrated domperidone, 5mg, t.i.d for 4 weeks. Symptoms and side effects were recorded before and at d 14, d 28 after administration of the medicines according to GCP and double blind pri ciple. Gastric empting test was also carried out in randomly selected patients. Results　Mosapride and domperidone were significantly effective on alleviating symptoms of the patient with FD. In mosapride treated group the half emptying time was shortened and the 120 min remain rate was reduced. No sid e effect was found. Conclusion　These results suggest that mosa pride 5 mg t.i.d. is effective and safe on alleviating symptoms of patients with FD and improving the ga stric empting time.

The relevant literatures of Siwu series decoctions--Taohong Siwu decoction for treating primary dysmenorrea of gynecology blood stasis syndrome were summarized including the clinical application, pharmacological effects, bioactive components and metabolic characteristics. On this basis,research on the bioactive components and formulation rule were discussed, to provide reference for modern traditional Chinese medicine formula study.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Dysmenorrhea ; drug therapy ; Female ; Humans

OBJECTIVETo study viruses infecting Pinellia ternata in China.

METHODSymptom observation, DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR detection were applied.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONDuring a survey in early spring, SMV and CMV were both commonly distributed as main viruses infecting P. ternata collected from different areas in China. But DsMV was the virus which infected P. ternate in natural condition. The infection ratio of cultivated P. ternate by SMV and CMV were 71.4% and 14.3% respectively for 21 samples collected from Ningbo, Zhejiang province; 100% and 44.4% for 18 samples from Xiaoshan, Zhejiang province; 61.9% and 33.3% for 21 samples from Hebei province; 50.0% and 41.7% for 12 samples from Anhui province; 16.7% and 16.7% for 12 samples from Sichuan province; 31.3% and none for 16 samples from Beijing. And the infection ratio of 25 wild samples from different areas of China infected by SMV and CMV were both 20.0%.

China ; Cluster Analysis ; Cucumovirus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; DNA, Complementary ; chemistry ; genetics ; Mosaic Viruses ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Pinellia ; virology ; Plant Diseases ; virology ; Plants, Medicinal ; virology ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

Objective To investigate the liver injury and pathological changes of rat and patients with Clonorchis sinensis(C, sinensis) infection, and to clarify the role of apoptosis in the injury induced by C. sinensis.Methods Wistar rats were divided into two group: 60 in infection group and 20 in control. The rats in infection group were infected with C. sinensis via oral feeding encysted cercaria;rats in control group were fed with normal saline. The rats were sacrificed 4, 6, 8 and 12 weeks after infection, respectively. Liver tissue specimens of the patients infected with C. sinensis were collected. The pathological changes of liver tissue were observed by light microscopy and the apoptofic rate of hepatocyte was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL) assay. Results Parasites and eggs could he seen around the bile duct, and the duct was associated with mucosa and adenoma papillary hyperplasia, wall thickening, inflammatory cell infiltration, a small amount of fibrous tissue hyperplasia, and periportal liver cells surrounded by a number of nuclear condensation, all these changes meant morphological characteristics of apoptosis. Apoptotic rates of liver cells in infection group 4, 6,8 and 12 weeks after infection were (7.15 ± 1.50)%,(11.61 ± 3.09)%,(13.21 ± 3.47)% and (11.26 ± 4.06)%,respectively, which was significantly higher than that in control group [(2.57 ± 0.72)%, (3.17 + 0.77)%, (3.67 ±0.96)% and (2.84 ± 0.87)%, t values were 4.45, 5.49, 5.95 and 4.74, respectively, all P < 0.01]. Conclusions These findings indicate that C, sinensis can stimulate both hepatoeytic apoptosis and degeneration which may he related to clinical manifestations and liver lesions in patients with clonorchiasis.

The total effect of Chinese medicine pair (CMP) was not the simply addition of two single herbs, but the interaction of their different components. Therefore, the research on the bio-active components of CMP is the basis of CMP compatibility study, and has important significance for revealing the compatibility effect and action mechanism, and creating traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) new drugs. This paper summed up the latest research progress of CMP on the basis of the bio-active components variation regularity of CMP from chemical solutions and content changes in vitro and the actions of CMP on bodies in vivo, in order to further drive the modern basic and applied research of CMP, and to reveal the scientific essence of CMP compatibility.
Animals ; Drug Compounding ; Drug Interactions ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Pharmacokinetics

Angelicae Sinensis Radix-Chuanxiong Rhizoma has the effects of nourishing and tonifying blood, activating blood and dissipating blood stasis, regulating menstruation and analgetic, which is commonly used Chinese medicine pair (CMP) in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) clinic. It might be an independent formula, and is also usually used in many gynecological formulae and modern TCM prescriptions. This paper mainly analyzed and summarized the compatibility theory, bio-active constituents, compatibility effects and action mechanism, and clinical applications of the CMP, which can provide a basis for the depth research and development of the CMP.
Animals ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Drug Interactions ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods

To investigate the optimum harvesting time and utilization of mulberry leaves during different growth periods based on the content of alkaloids and flavonoids, 88 samples of 11 species of mulberry leaves were collected and analyzed. UPLC-TQ/MS method was applied and the results showed that the ingredients of alkaloids and flavonoids in mulberry leaves are quite different in different growth periods and different species. There was a sharp decline of the average content of alkaloids in all samples from October, while the content of flavonoids dropped either from October but with less volatile. The content of flavonoids in M. atropurpurea was much higher than alkaloids, while M. australis was opposite completely. There was a sharp decline of alkaloids in M. cathayana and M. mongolica from Tuly to August, however, the content of alkaloids and flavonoids in M. alba is neither too high nor too low. In summary, it is more suitable to harvest tender mulberry leaves harvested from the end of September to beginning of October that provide a scientific evidence for rational harvest and comprehensive utilization of mulberry leaves.
Alkaloids ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drug Stability ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Flavonoids ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Mass Spectrometry ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Morus ; chemistry ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; Reproducibility of Results ; Seasons

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether down-regulation of Twist1 could change sensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line HNE1 to taxol.

METHODSHNE1 cells were transfected with the small interfering RNA (siRNA) expression vector pSuppressor-Retro-Si-Twist, containing the short hairpin RNA (shRNA) sequence targeting the Twist gene-coding region by Fugene 6. Positive clones were then selected in Neomycin (400 microg/ml) for 21 days. The low expressions of Twist1 were examined by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot. Drug sensitivity of si-Twist1 HNE1 to taxol was determined by Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate( FITC)/propidium lodide (PI) double-labeled flow cytometry and detection of DNA ladder. The Effect of Twist1 inactivation on HNE1 cell proliferation was observed by MTT assay and flow cytometry.

RESULTSAnnexin V- FITC-PI assay showed that apoptosis ratio was 40.2% in si-Twist HNE1 after treated with 10 ng/ml taxol, significantly higher than that in the control siRNA group 24.3%. The deference had statistic meaning. After the re-expression of HNE1, apoptosis ratio was 44.80% +/- 4.80% (x +/- s) in low Twist1 protein expression group and that was 27.00% +/- 2.91% in high expression group. The deference had statistic meaning (t = 4.374, P = 0.049). Real time PCR test revealed apoptosis protein bcl-2 expression in si-Twist HNE1 was 0.28 +/- 0.05, significantly lower than that in the control siRNA HNE1 (0.57 +/- 0.08, t = 6.710, P = 0.021), nevertheless, significant bax and bcl-XL changes were not observed (t = 2.000, P = 0.184 and t = 1.502, P = 0.272). MTT and FCM showed that down-regulation of Twist1 did not alter cell proliferation rate (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSDown-regulation of Twist1 could increase drug sensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line HNE1 to taxol by inducing apoptosis. These results suggested that Twist1 may be a promising treatment target for nasopharyngeal carcinoma therapy.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Down-Regulation ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Nuclear Proteins ; genetics ; Paclitaxel ; pharmacology ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Twist-Related Protein 1 ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo study the genetic polymorphisms of 9 Y-chromosome specific STR loci that the allele size is less than 180 bp in length in the southern Chinese Han population, and to utilize the studied result to forensic science.

METHODSNine Y-STR loci were amplified by single multiplex PCR, and the PCR products were sequenced by using ABI Prism 3100 DNA Sequencer. The allele and haplotype frequencies at 9 Y-STR loci were determined in a total of 213 unrelated males from southern Chinese Han population. Eighty-four father/son pairs with demonstrated paternity and thirty-six non-paternity father/son pairs were detected by using our Y-STR multiplex system.

RESULTSThree Y-STR alleles for DYS426, five alleles for DYS393, DYS460, DYS391 and DYS389 I respectively, six alleles for DYS456, seven alleles for both H4 and DYS388, and eight alleles for DYS458 loci were detected in 213 unrelated male individuals. Except for the DYS426 locus with a low GD value of 0.1489, the GD values for other 8 Y-STR loci ranged from 0.5064 to 0.9133. A total of 178 haplotypes were found at 9 Y-STR loci, of which 154 haplotypes were observed only once, and the haplotype diversity was 0.9983. None of Y-STR allele mutation was observed in the 84 father/son pairs with demonstrated paternity. Among the 36 non-paternity father/son pairs, two cases could get the paternity exclusions at 2 Y-STR loci; and the paternity of 33 cases could be ruled out by 3 or more Y-STR loci; only one case was found no exclusion of paternity regardless of detecting 9 Y-STR loci.

CONCLUSIONThis result indicates that the 9 Y-STR loci with short fragment size alleles are highly polymorphic. The fluorescent multiplex amplification system that we developed is suitable for personal identification and paternity testing.

Alleles ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; China ; Chromosomes, Human, Y ; genetics ; Forensic Sciences ; Gene Frequency ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; genetics ; Paternity ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic

Objective To study the application value of endoscopic thyroidectomy via total membrane dissection. Methods One hundred and sixteen patients with benign thyroid nodules were given axillo-breast approach endoscopic thyroidectomy via total membrane dissection from January 2014 to December 2016. Results Endoscopic thyroidectomy was completed in all the patients without conversion to open surgery.The operation time was 45-125 min[mean,(65.6 ±36.7)min],the blood loss was 10-220 ml[mean,(43.2 ±22.7)ml],the postoperative drainage volume was 25-305 ml[mean,(95.3 ±53.8)ml], the postoperative drainage time was 2-4 d[mean,(2.3 ±0.7)d)],and the length of hospital stay was 3-6 d[mean,(4.1 ±1.1)d].Short-term twitch occurred in 1 case and seroma occurred in 2 cases.No other complications such as hoarseness,bucking or asphyxia occurred in this series. Conclusion Endoscopic thyroidectomy via total membrane dissection can effectively avoid the injury of recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroid gland.