Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Liver ; pathology ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Oncogene Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism

It is critical to preventing gut-originaltel infection to attenuate bacterial and/or endotoxin translocation, maintain bacterial balance, improve gut mucosal barrier function and elevate local immunity. Probiotics beneficially affect the host by improving its intestinal microbial balance, by preventing gut mucosal barrier breakdown and bacterial translocation, by modulating immunity,and by promoting gut movements and absorption. The role and new progress of probiotics in enteral nutrition are reviewed .

Objective To investigate the prognosis of isolated fetal pyelectasis detected by ultrasound.Methods A total of 109 cases of isolated fetal pyelectasis (renal pelvis anteroposterior diameter ≥ 5 mm by ultrasound screening at any gestational age without structural or chromosome abnormalities) detected by prenatal ultrasound screening from March 2004 to July 2014 in Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University,were delivered and followed up until neonatal period on chromosome examination,prenatal B ultrasound and outcome of neonates.Receiver operating characteristics curves were plotted and used to predict the optimal critical point of poor prognosis and the warning point of follow-up.Results Among the 109 cases,83 cases tended to have a natural recovery during pregnancy,71 of them had normal renal pelvis.Two of the neonates died,9 cases needed surgical treatment,and 98 cases had normal renal pelvis or need follow-up only.The area under the receiver operating characteristics curves was 0.860 (95％CI:0.860± 1.96 × 0.112).The optimal critical point of poor prognosis was determined at ≥ 11 mm in anteroposterior diameter with sensitivity 81.8％,and specificity 83.7％,and the warning point of prenatal follow-up was at ≥ 7 mm in anteroposterior diameter with sensitivity 100.0％ and specificity 50.0％.Conclusions The prognosis of isolated fetal pyelectasis is mostly good.The fetus with pyelectasis thicker than 7 mm should be followed-up closely during prenatal and neonatal period,and the fetus with pyelectasis thicker than 11 mm is likely to have poor prognosis in neonatal period.

Objective To explore the effect of shRNA silenced aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) on WNT signaling path-way during the differentiation of P19 cells into cardiac myocytes. Methods The eukaryotic expression vector of mouse AHR gene was designed and constructed. The interference plasmid was transfected into P19 cell and the positive stains to AHR gene silencing were screened by G418. The mRNA expression of important genes GSK3βandβ-catenin were evaluated by real-time fluorescent quantita-tive PCR during the differentiation of P19 cells. Results The constructed AHR-shRNA plasmid significantly inhibited the expression of AHR gene. Along with the differentiation of P19 cell into cardiac myocytes, in the interference group the expression ofβ-catenin gene was lower whereas the expression of GSK3βgene was elevated than those of control group with significant differences (all P<0.01). Conclusions The interference of AHR gene expression can regulate WNT signaling pathway in the development of heart.

Objective:To identify the effect of ?-synuclein overexpression on mitochondrial membrane structure with atomic force microscopy. Methods:?-syn expression was mediated by AAV (adeno-associated viral vector) and Recombinant AAV/?-syn and AAV/LacZ viral particles were stereotaxically injected in the left side of rat substantia nigra (SN) for rat model of ?-synuclein overexpression. Mitochondria were isolated from rats SN of Brain. Mitochondria were analysis with JC-1 staining,atomic force microscopy and Western blot. Results:By 16 weeks post-infection of AAV-?-syn,the level of ?-syn increased about 2 times in mitochondrial fraction with Western blot and mitochondrial membrane potential (??) decreased with JC-1 staining. Furthermore,mitochondria swelling and porous like structure formed on the mitochondrial membrane with atomic force microscopy. Conclusion:The data suggested that ?-syn could accumulate in mitochondria,might form mitochondrial membrane pores and lead to ?? decreases. ?-syn might lead to mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.

Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital ; etiology ; Female ; Hepatitis ; complications ; Humans ; Infant ; Syndrome

Objective: To explore the pattem of lymphatic metastasis and influencing factors of thoracic esophageal carcinoma. Methods: We reviewed the pathological specimens from 229 esophageal carcinoma patients who underwent radical esophagectomy with two-field lymphadenectomy. A total of 2,458 lymph nodes were dissected. We analyzed the lymph node metastasis pattern of the primary tumor in different loca-tions and the corresponding influencing factors such as pathological T stage, tumor length, pathological mor-phology and tumor differentiation. Results: Lymph node metastasis rates were 44.5% (102/229) and 10.5% (258/2458), respectively. For patients with upper thoracic esophageal carcinomas, lymphatic metastasis rates in the superior mediastinum, the middle mediastinum, the inferior mediastinum and the abdominal cavity were 19.0%, 6.7%, 9.8% and 12.2%, respectively. For patients with middle thoracic esophageal carcinomas, the rates were 26.1%, 7.4%, 11.8% and 11.9%, respectively. For patietns with lower thoracic esophageal carcino-mas, the rates were 0, 1.6%, 5.3%, and 10.0%, respectively. Lymphatic metastasis rate in T_1, T_2, T_3, T_4, stage cancer were 28.6%, 43.8%, 47.6%, and 31.3%, respectively; the rate of positive lymph nodes were 7.9%, 10.8%, 10.7%, and 10.8%, respectively, with no significant differences among the four stages (x~2=2.733, P=0.435 and x~2=0.686, P=0.876). Lymphatic metastasis rate and rate of positive lymph nodes in patients with tu-mor ≤3cm, 3 to 5cm, and >5cm were 45.2% and 43.4%, 46.2% and 9.1%, and 11.6% and 11.7%, respective-ly, with no significant differences (x~2=0.094, P=0.954 and x~2=3.933, P=0.140). Lymphatic metastasis ratios of the pathological morphology in medullary, ulcerative, mushroom and stenotic types were 14.0%, 9.6%, 4.3% and 18.3%, respectively (x~2=19.292, P=0.000). Lymphatic metastasis rate and rate of positive lymph nodes of squamous cell carcinoma of moderately and poorly differentiation were 42.5%, 75.0% and 9.5%, 18.6%, re-spectively (x~2=4.852, P=0.028 and x~2=11.323, P=0.001). Patients with squamous cell carcinoma of poorly dif-ferentiation had a higher rate of lymph node metastasis. Conclusion: Lymphatic metastasis of esophageal car-cinoma metastasize widely even if in early T stage. Pathological morphology and tumor differentiation are re-lating facors of lymph node metastasis of thoracic esophageal carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the effect of enteral nutrition tolerance assessment form on the early enteral nutrition tolerance in patients with gastric cancer after operation. Methods According to the admission sequence, 108 patients with gastric cancer were divided into the control group and the experiment group with 54 cases in each group. Enteral nutrition was used in the control group, while enteral nutrition tolerance assessment form was used to evaulate and care patients in experiment group. Finally, the two groups were compared in the anal exhaust time and the rate of complications. Result Anal exhaust in the experiment group was significantly earlier than that in the control group and the rate of complications was significantly smaller than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions The enteral nutrition tolerance assessment form for systemic evaluation and intervention is effective in improvement of the patients′tolerance to enteral nutrition in early postoperative enteral nutrition support to patients with gastric cancer. It can promote the recovery of patients.

Objective To explore the plasma ghrelin levels in children and adolescents with short stature and the role of ghrelin in growth hormone-releasing hormone-growth hormone(GHRH-GH) axis.Methods One hundred and fifty-seven children(115 male,42 female) with short stature were selected.Fasting plasma sample was extracted from 10 mL vemous blood of the children with short stature.Insulin tolerance test and arginine stimulation test was performed initially to differential diagnosis.And blood samples was divided into 3 ca-tegories:37 cases of complete growth hormone deficiency (CGHD),52 cases of partial growth hormone deficiency(PGHD) and 68 cases of idiopathic short stature(ISS) during these two growth hormone(GH)provocative tests.Controls consisted of age and gender-match 20 health children.Plasma ghrelin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay.Serum GH was detected by chemiluminescence method,and serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) was measured by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Fasting glucose,insulin,testosterone,estra-diol,luteinizing hormone,follicle-stimulating hormone were measured.Statistical analysis were conducted by using SPSS 11.5 software.Results The fasting ghrelin levels of CGHD group were significantly lower than that of ISS group and control group(Pa0.05).The ghrelin levels were positive correlated with the stimulated GH peak(r=0.176 P0.05).Conclusion Ghrelin has an important role on GH secretion and abnormal secretion of ghrelin might be a reason of growth hormone deficiency which due to hypothalamic abnormality.

Objective To observe the effects of Chinese Traditional Medicine on cognitive functions in the early stage of traumatic braininjury (TBI). Methods 49 inpatients with TBI were divided into treatment group (n=25) and control group (n=24) randomly. The controlgroup accepted routine rehabilitation, while the treatment group accepted Chinese Traditional Medicine in addition. They were assessed withLoewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment (LOTCA) before and after treatment. Results All the scores of LOTCA of treatmentgroup significantly improved after treatment (P<0.01), as well as in control group except "Categories". Most scores of LOTCA improvedmore in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Chinese Traditional Medicine can improve the cognitivefunction after TBI.