The Wnt/β-catenin signal transduction pathway is essential for regulating cell proliferation, movement, differentiation and embryo development. Researchers have found that Wnt pathway is an important regulation factor in the early stimulation of the cardiogenesis and contacts closely the several key events during cardiac morphogenesis. The article reviews the recent studies about the relation between cardiac development and Wnt pathway in early embryo.

The Wnt/?-catenin signal transduction pathway is essential for regulating cell proliferation,movement,differentiation and embryo development. Researchers have found that Wnt pathway is an important regulation factor in the early stimulation of the cardiogenesis and contacts closely the several key events during cardiac morphogenesis. The article reviews the recent studies about the relation between cardiac development and Wnt pathway in early embryo.

Objective Based on the result that a gene coding for human HSS had been identified and prokaryotically expressed, this study is aiming to investigate the proliferative and protective effect of recombinant HSS on hepatoma cells. Methods hHSS protein was produced in BL\|21 strain of E.Coli containing pET\|42a vector and purified with His\5Tag affinity chromatography. A various dosages of 80\|400??g/L were administrated into cell culture. The cell proliferation was analyzed by MTT, cell\|count and flow cytometry methods. Furthermore, cellular growth signaling as indexed by phosphorylation of mitogen\|activated protein kinase (MAPK) was determined with Western blot. In addition to cell growth, protection of hHSS on the cells against H\-2O\-2 was also observed. Results It was showed that recombinaht HSS of 400??g/L was able to promote DNA synthesis by 21\^5% as compared to non\|treated cells. After 24?h of HSS action, the cell division measured by MTT method as well as cell\|count was significantly enhanced. Meantime, it was indicated that the phosphorylation of MAPK Thr202/Tyr204 was increased in 79\^0% as compared with that of the non\|treated cells. Pretreatment of the cells with hHSS for 12?h prior to H 2O 2 injury preserved the survival of them.Conclusion It is postulated that hHSS is an active protein to stimulate liver proliferation. [

Objective To compare the glycemic control of different management approaches in type 1 diabetic mellitus (T1 DM) children,and to evaluate the influence factors associated with glycemic control.Methods This survey included 68 T1DM children from January 2012 to December 2014 in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University of more than 1 year management.Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were detected to assess glycemic control.Twenty-three T1DM children who participated in the World Diabetes Foundation(WDF) management program (group A) were compared with 45 T1DM children who were managed by themselves (group B).The clinical data were analyzed to explore the correlations with glycemic control.Results The HbA1c of 68 children was (8.86 ± 2.00)％,and only 21 cases (30.9％) had optimal HbAlc (HbAlc ＜ 7.5％).The level of HbA1 c of group A (7.60 ± 1.57)％ was significantly lower than that of group B[(9.40 ± 1.91) ％] (t =-4.045,P =0.001).Group A had less fluctuation in blood glucose than group B,which the duration more than 3 years.Duration (F =2.277,P =0.004),frequency of self-monitoring blood glucose (F =9.375,P =0.001),diabetic education (F =3.276,P =0.002),and diabetic diet (t =-2.046,P =0.025) were associated with glycemic control.Conclusions The glycemic control of T1 DM children at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University was at the medium level,most of them haven't reached the target levels.The WDF management program could significantly and continuously monitor the glycemic level.Diabetic education and more frequent self-monitoring blood glucose and diabetic diet are associated with better glycemic control.

Objective To investigate the value of clinical data used for conventional indications of initiating renal replacement therapy (RRT) such as serum creatinine (SCr),blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and acute renal injury (AKI) stage and in estimating the prognosis of critically ill patients with AKI.Methods A retrospective analysis of 258 AKI adult inpatients treated with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in ICU from Jan.2011 to Jan.2015.According to the outcomes,all subjects were divided into survival group (n =104)and death group (n =154).The general condition,AKI causes,results of renal function (urine output,SCr,BUN and AKI stage),homeostasis (acid-base balance and electrolyte level),severity of disease (APACHE Ⅱ score and SOFA score) and others were compared between two groups.Additionally,risk factors for the prognosis of critically ill patients with AKI were screened by the multivariate Cox's proportional hazard models and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results There were no significant differences in gender,age,primary disease,AKI causes,APACHE Ⅱ score,renal function (urine output,SCr,BUN and AKI stage),serum potassium level and phosphorus level between two groups before CRRT (P ＞ 0.05),but more patients in death group had severe sepsis (31.17％ vs.19.23％,P =0.033),lower pH value [(7.27 ±0.34)vs.(7.41 ±0.34),P =0.024] and higher level of lactate [(3.97 ±2.87) vs.s (2.64 ± 2.30),P =0.006].After the analysis with multivariate Coxg proportional hazard models,it was found that the levels of serum phosphorus (P =0.043) and lactate (P =0.009) were the independent risk factors for prognosis of critically ill patients with AKI,and other conventional indications for initiating RRT such as SCr,BUN,AKI stage,urine output,pH,bicarbonate level or potassium level were not closely associated with the prognosis of patients (P ＞ 0.05).Therefore,a composite of these six variables (pH,bicarbonate level,phosphorus level,potassium level,urine output and AKI stage) was analyzed.According to the analysis result of ROC curve,the diagnostic value of combined six different variables in predicting in-hospital mortality of AKI patients [area under the curve (AUC) 0.669,95％ CI:0.577-0.762] was almost as high as that of lactate (AUC:0.683,95％ CI:0.590-0.777),and significantly higher than SCr (AUC:0.460,95％ CI:0.358-0.562),BUN (AUC:0.469,95％ CI:0.366-0.571).Conclusions This composite of six different variables is more useful than any other conventional indications for initiating RRT in predicting post-AKI mortality.As a result,a composition of six different variables should be considered rather than any single variable alone for indication of initiating RRT in critically ill patients with AKI.

Objective To describe sagittal pelvic pattern,and to analyze sagittal spino-pelvic alignment in asymptomatic Chinese adults.Methods This was a prospective radiological analysis.Anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the whole spine were taken in 139 Chinese volunteers,including 94 males and 45 females,aged from 21 to 28 years (average,23.5±1.5 years).By using picture archiving and communication systems,several pelvic and spinal parameters (pelvic incidence,pelvic tilt,sacral slope,lumbar lordosis,thoracic kyphosis,cervical lordosis,sagittal vertical axis,apex of total lumbar lordosis,total lumbar lordosis,upper arc of total lumbar lordosis,lower arc of total lumbar lordosis,junctional level,apex of total thoracic kyphosis,total thoracic kyphosis,total cervical lordosis,and lordosis tilt) were measured and the correlations of all parameters were analyzed.Results The mean value of pelvic incidence was 45.1°±9.6°,which was significantly less than those reported in western and Korean subjects.Total lumbar lordosis has a significant correlation with pelvic incidence,sacral slope,total thoracic kyphosis,cervical lordosis and sagittal vertical axis.The sagittal lumbar-pelvic alignment was classified into 4 types according to position of apex of total lumbar lordosis:type Ⅰ (11 cases),the apex was located in L5 or intervertebral space between L4 and L5; type Ⅱ (61 cases),the apex was located in bottom or middle of L4; type Ⅲ (33 cases),the apex was located in upper part of L4 or in intervertebral space between L3 and L4; type Ⅳ (34 cases),the apex was located at L3 level or more high level.Conclusions The sagittal pelvic pattern of Chinese adults is significantly different from those of western and Korean.Lumbar lordosis plays a critical role in regulating spinal sagittal balance.With upper shift of apex of total lumbar lordosis,the lower lumbar lordosis angle and sacral slope increase,but the lordosis tilt decreases.

Objective To study the differences between diet induced obesity (DIO) and diet induced obesity resistance (DIO-R) during insulin resistance (IR) in rats. Method Male SD rats were fed by high-fat diet 1 (45 % fat kJ) after adaptation. At 3rd week, rats were divided into 3 groups according to their body weight: rats belonging to the middle 1/3 of their body weights were the control group, and was fed by control diet (10 % fat kJ). The heaviest 1/3 and the lightest 1/3 belong to DIO and DIO-R group, respectively, and were fed by high-fat diet 2 (60 % fat kJ). Five rats were selected randomly from each group and sacarified at 3rd, 6th, 8th, 10th and 11th week. The energy intake, body fat contents, fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum lipid, serum insulin, insulin sensitive index(ISI)and leptin of rats were monitored dynamically. Results DIO rats were significantly different from DIO-R and control rats in energy intake, body fat content, FBG, lipid, serum insulin and leptin. Conclusion Fed by the same high-fat diet, DIO rats are more sensitive than DIO-R rats to become IR.

Objective To evaluate the effect of preoperative intramuscular injection of of dextromethorphan in three dosages on fentanyl consumption in postoperative PCA in order to optimize its pre-emptive analgesia dose. Methods 80 ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients underwent spine operations under general anesthesia were randomly divided into four groups, who respectively received intramuscular dextromethorphan 10mg (DM10 group), 20mg (DM20 group), 40mg (DM40 group), or normal saline (CON group) respectively. The PCA fentanyl consumption as well as VAS pain scores were observed 4h, 24h, and 48h after the operation. Results Although there was no significant differences in pain VAS score between the four groups, the fentanyl consumption was significantly lower in groups DM20 and DM40 compared with group CON and DM10. However, there was no significant difference between group DM20 and group DM40. Conclusion Preoperative IM dextromethorphan shows a dose-dependant fentanyl spare effect on postoperative PCA, and a dose of 20mg seems to be optimal for preoperative use.

Objective To explore the change of serum level of neuron specific enolase (NSE) in neonates with asphyxia before and after head mild hypothermia.Methods Eighty-two asphyxial neonates were selected,including 39 mild asphyxial neonates and 43 severe asphy-xial neonates,and 29 healthy neonates were selected as control group.Forty-three severe asphyxial neonates were randomly assigned into mild hypothermia treatment group and traditional treatment group.Neonates in traditional treatment group were just given traditional treatment.While neonates in mild hypothermia treatment group received head mild hypothermia therapy and their nasopharyngeal temperature were maintained at(34.0 ? 0.5) ℃ for 72 h.Before treatment and 72 h after treatment,2 mL blood was collected,and the serum NSE was determined by radio immunoassay.Results NSE levels in mild asphyxial neonates group[(34.83?6.17) ?g/L] and severe asphyxial group[(59.58?8.87) ?g/L] were significantly higher than that of control group[(30.57?4.88) ?g/L](t=3.07 P0.05).The level of NSE at 72 h in severe asphyxial neonates with head mild hypothermia therapy[(40.97?6.55) ?g/L] was significantly lower than that of traditional treatment group [(48.15?5.57) ?g/L](t=3.86 P

Young women affected by education and career delay the childbearing period,which results in reduced fertility.With the two-child policy completely opening,more and more elderly women have demands for pregnancy and the need of assisted reproductive technology (ART) increases day by day.However,the ART treatment faces with a series of medical and ethical problems.For example,the pregnancy rate of aged women is low but the abortion rate is high;and the incidence of pregnancy complications and fetal chromosomal abnormality increases significantly.In this regard,it can solve these problems through limiting the women's age,choosing the donated eggs,strengthening the counseling for elderly infertile women before ART treatment,paying attention to the psychological problems and applying the genetic screening technology before implantation.