Objective To investigate the effect of minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy(MPCNL) in the management of renal or ureteral calculi.Methods MPCNL was performed in 52 patients with renal or ureteral calculi under the localization of C-arm fluoroscopy and/or B-ultrasonography.Results Among the 52 patients,a conversion to open surgery was needed in 1 patient because of perforation of the renal pelvis.The stones were completely extracted on one session in 33 patients,and by a re-operation of MPCNL through the fistulization tube 1 week later in 15 patients.The total stone-free rate was 92.3%.The operation time was 1.5~4 h(mean, 2.5 h).No blood transfusion was needed.Conclusions Minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy is a safe and effective procedure,especially suitable for basic hospitals.

BACKGROUND: Presently, it is a certain preventive effect of local emplacement of various isolated materials during operation and postoperatively drug-controlled inflammatory reaction on adhesion between epidural and nerve root after laminectomy.OBJECTIVE: To study the preventive effect of chitosan and titanium net on epidural cicatricle adhesion after laminectomy.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Randomized controlled animal study, which was performed in Guiyang Medical College from June to December 2005.MATERIALS: Eighty adult rabbits, weighing (2.0±0.2) kg, were used to establish vertebral plate resection models. Chitosan was provided by Shanghai Qisheng Biological Agent Industry Company, and titanium net by Guizhou Kelun Pharmacology Company Limited.METHODS: Eighty adult rabbits were randomly divided into four groups, including control group (0.5 mL saline), titanium net group (titanium net in the size of 1.0 cm × 0.8 cm was covered on defect region of vertebral plate and fixed on processus spinosus of upper and lower cone, bilateral muscles and soft tissues), chitosan group (2 mL chitosan), and chitosan + titanium net group (combination of chitosan and titanium net). Six rabbits were sacrificed in the 2nd and 4th weeks postoperatively, and eight rabbits were chosen as the samples in the 8th week.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Morphological changes of cicatricle.RESULTS: Cicatricle was clearer in the control group. Titanium net could relieve peripheral cicatricle of dura mater and effectively isolate peripheral cicatricial tissue and spinal dura meter. Chitosan could remarkably prevent from cicatricle adhesion and inhibit inflammatory reaction. The combination of chitosan and titanium net could effectively inhibit proliferation of cicatricle surrounding dura meter.CONCLUSION: Association of chitosan and titanium net can effectively inhibit cicatricle adhesion surrounding dura meter after laminectomy.

Objective To investigate the relationships between fetal neural tube defects (NTD) and maternal plasma homocysteine (Hcy) level,total nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS) activity.Methods A total of 28 pregnant women with clinically or prenatal ultrasound diagnosed NTD offspring in Shihezi City and its surrounding areas of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from January 6,2008 to May 23,2011 were enrolled as NTD group.Another 41 normal pregnant women,matched in corresponding area and period,were enrolled as the control group.The plasma level of Hcy was determined by rate method,and the activities of total NOS and iNOS were detected by spectrophotometry.Linear correlation analysis and t-test were used as statistical method.Results The plasma level of Hcy in NTD group was higher than that in the control group with statistically significant difference [(15.2±7.9) μmol/L vs (8.4±3.7) μmol/L,t=4.269,P＜0.01].The activity of total NOS was lower in the NTD group than that in the control group [(20.0±9.0) U/ml vs (26.0±4.1) U/ml,t=3.258],so was the activity of iNOS [(7.5±2.9) U/ml vs (12.0±4.5) U/ml,t=4.670],the differences were statistically significant (both P＜0.01).Linear correlation analysis showed a negative correlation between the level of Hcy and the activity of total NOS (r=0.325,P＜0.01),but no correlation was found with iNOS (r=0.205,P＞0.05).Conclusions High level of Hcy and low activity of NOS and iNOS might be correlated with fetal NTD.

Objective To validate near-infrared cerebral topography (NCT) as a practical toolin tracing the regional hemodynamic changes during normal ischemic stroke model of rat. Method Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and photosensitizer induced intracranial infarction model of rat were established. The geometric shape and infarction area were measured by NCT, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and TTC stained anatomical imaging techniques. Result In photosensitizer induced infarction model, the correlation between anatomical infarct area and NCT image area for infarct focus were r= 0.897 for 24 h group (P<0.05) and r=0.906 for 2 months group (P<0.01),respectively. The correlation between anatomical infarction area and NCT image area for infarct focus were r=0.820 for normothermia group (P<0.05) and r= 0.851 for hypothermia group (P<0.05), respectively. The correlation between fMRI and NCT image area for infarction focus were r= 0.874 for normothermia group (P<0.05) and r= 0.782 for hypothermia group (P<0.05),respectively. Conclusion Measurement with NCT for infarction focus matched well with fMRI and anatomic sample in rats. NCT technique might be a practical tool for short-term prediction of stroke and the rehabilitation after stroke in real time.

Objective To investigate the effects of 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-Cde)on DNA methylation and expression of hMLH1 and MGMT gene in the human lung cancer cell line A549/DDP.Methods A549/DDP cells were cultured with RPMI 1 640 medium and were treated with 5 μmol/L DNA methyhransferase inhibitor 5-Aza-Cde.Methylation-specific pol-ymerase chain reaetioll (MSP)was used to detect the promoter methylation state of the hMLH1 and MGMT gene.RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of hMLH1 and MGMT before and after treatment with 5-Aza-Cde,respectively. Results Before treatment with 5-Aza-Cde,hMLH1 and MGMT expressions were absent,and promoter hypermethylation of the hMLH1 and MGMT gene were detected in A549 cells.After treatment with 5-Aza-Cde,the promoter region of the hM-LH1 and MGMT gene exhibited a demethylation state,and their mRNA expressions were increased.Conclusion Promoter hypermethyhtion is amajor mechanism of hMLH1 and MGMT gene silencing in human lung cancer cells,and can be reversed by the demethylating agent 5-Aza-Cde,which can regulate the expressions of the hMLH1 and MGMT gene.

Objective To analyze Vitamin D nutritional status of children and their height growth relationship in Wanzhou dis-trict of Chongqing .Methods Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay method was used to detect serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25 (OH) D]concentrations in 2 727 Children from Wanzhou district of Chongqing ,analyzing the correlation of Vitamin D and children age ,gender ,height ,parental height and other factors .Results There was significant difference in serum level of 25(OH) D among different age groups(P<0 .01) ,there was significant difference between boys and girls among the same age groups of 5 months ,6 months ,4 years old ,5 years old .Children′s height consistented with the national average 4 -6 years ago in Wanzhou District ,but Since then ,gradually felled behind .After adjustment for age ,sex ,parental height ,measured seasonal and other factors ,serum 25 (OH) D concentration was positively correlated with height (r=0 .462 5 ,P<0 .01) .Conclusion 25(OH)D levels were closely re-lated with the development of children′s height .Thus ,children generally poor 25(OH)D nutritional status in Wanzhou district should arouse the attention of parents and clinicians .

BackgroundRevascularization and statin therapy are routinely used in the management of stable coronary artery disease. However, it is unclear whether the estimated high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particle size (eHDL-S), the ratio of HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) to apoprotein A-I (apoA-I), is associated with the clinical outcomes of diabetic patients with stablecoronary artery disease (CAD).MethodsWe per-formed a prospective cohort study of 328 patients diagnosed with stable CAD by coronary angiography. Patients were followed up for a mean duration of 12 months. The patients were divided into three groups by the tertiles of eHDL-S: low eHDL-S (< 0.71,n= 118); interme-diate eHDL-S (0.71-0.79,n= 111); and high eHDL-S (> 0.79,n= 99). The associations between the baseline eHDL-S and short-term out-comes were evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional regression.Results The low eHDL-S group had higher trig-lyceride, hemoglobin A1c, uric acid, and leukocyte count than the other groups. During the follow-up period, 47/328 patients experienced a pre-specified outcome. According to the Kaplan-Meier analysis, the incidence of pre-specified outcomes was lower in the high eHDL-S group (P = 0.04). However, eHDL-S was not independently associated with adverse outcomes in Cox proportional hazards regression (haz-ard ratio (HR): 0.23, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.01-11.24,P = 0.493).ConclusionAlthough the eHDL-S was associated with inflammatory biomarkers, it was not independently associated with the short-term prognosis of diabetic patients with stable CAD in the era of revascularization and potent statin therapy.

Objective:To investigate the effect and mechanism of transcription factor Foxp 3 on the proliferation and cell cycle of human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A 549.Methods:We knocked down the expression of Foxp 3 using siRNA.Foxp3 inhibition was detected by RT-PCR.Cell proliferation was detected by MTT.Cell cycle of A549 cells were detected by flow cytometry after the transfection of siRNA.Cell cycle-related checkpoint genes were filtered by RT-PCR.The regulation of Foxp3 on cell cycle-related checkpoint genes were detected by immunofluorescence and dual -luciferase reporter assay system.Results: The proliferation of A549 cells were inhibited after silencing Foxp3,and A549 cells were arrested in G0/G1 cycle.G1/S cycle checkpoint gene CCND1 was down regulated.Mechanism research show that Foxp 3 can regulate the expression of CCND 1 directly.Conclusion: Foxp3 can promote the proliferation of A549 cell line by up regulating G 1/S cycle checkpoint gene CCND 1.This provides a new target for the therapeutic targets of lung adenocarcinoma.

Objective To detect the changes in vertebral marrow fat fraction (MFF) using T2 *-corrected water-fat MRI and to analyze the relationships between MFF with bone biomarkers of non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD).Methods 78 CKD patients were divided into five groups according to the eGFR and underwent water/fat MRI to obtain MFF.The reliability of MFF measurements by two radiologists was assessed with intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC).Serum calcium,phosphorus,alkaline phosphatase,osteocalcin,intact parathyroid hormone and 25(OH)D3 were determined.Results Mean CV for MFF measurements reproducibility was 2.37％.The inter-observer agreement for MFF was excellent (ICC=0.901).The ICC for each intra-observer agreement was excellent (ICC=0.959 and 0.948,respectively).There were statistical differences in MFF among five groups of CKD.Changes of MFF were earlier than those of serum calcium,phosphorus,parathyroid hormone,alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin.MFF was positively correlated with serum phosphorus (r =3.011,P =0.003),parathyroid hormone (r=3.852,P＜0.001),and negatively associated with calcium (r=-2.767,P=0.017),25(OH)D3 (r=6.032,P＜0.001),eGFR (r=-5.104,P＜0.001),respectively.Multivariable regression analysis showed MFF was negatively correlated with 25(OH)D3(Sβ=-0.343)and eGFR(S(S=-0.284,P＜0.001).Conclusion CKD patients had higher marrow fat.T2 *-corrected water fat MRI could serve as a useful tool to quantify marrow fat content for CKD patients.

Objective: To investigate the feasibility and accuracy of sentinel lymph node biopsy(SLN) following neoadjuvant chemotherapy.Methods:Sentinel lymph node biopsy was evaluated following two or three cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with pharmorubicin /cyclophosphamide/5-FU(CEF,48 patients) or pharmorubicin /cyclophosphamide / taxotere(CET,12 patients).Two ml 1% methylene blue was subcutaneously injected at 4 sites of the skin over the tumor before radical operation.Pathohistological results were assessed for all the specimen including blue lymph node and other axillary lymph node(ALND). Results:Among the 66 patients SLN was identified in 60 of them(90%).Residual metastatic disease was identified in 23 cases on SLN,including 15 positive and 8 negative node on ALND,37 cases were completely negative on SLN including 35 negative and 2 positive node on ALND,and SLN was falsely negative in 2 cases(8%).Conclusion:The success rate of sentinel node identification and the predict ability of the SLN for the pathologic status of the adjacent non-SLNs do not seem to be altered after neoadjuvant therapy.