Methamphetamine is a powerful stimulant of amphetamine type in the central nervous system (CNS),and recently it has become the major drugs of abuse.A lot of research results show that MA may induce dopaminergic neurotoxicity in the animal and human striatum.The mechanisms include effects on dopaminergic signaling and dopamine oxidation,glutamate induced excitotoxicity,oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines,disruption of mitochondfia,apoptosis,activation of glial cells and hyperthermia.However the mechanisms by the MA-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity are not completely understood.The paper reviewed recent progress of study on them to provide reference materials for related research.

Objective To explore and evaluate the clinical value of MRI for status of axillary lymph node after neoadju-vant chemotherapy (NAC) in patients with breast cancer. Methods Forty-four patients with 1ocally advanced breast cancer (LABC) were underwent NAC for four cycles. The longest diameter of axillary lymph node (ALN) measured by MRI scan. Val-ue of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and their correlation were compared before NAC and four cycles after NAC. Re-sults of MRI and pathological data for ALN were compared between two groups of patients. Results All patients finished four cycles of NAC. The total response rate (CR+PR) was 72.7% (32/44), and the total non-response rate (SD+PD) was 27.3%(12/44). The longest diameter of ALN was significantly shortened in response group. The longest diameter was (1.37± 1.06) cm before NAC and (0.90±0.76) cm after NAC (P<0.01). The ADC value of the tumor was significantly increased in re-sponse group [(0.91±0.28) ×10-3 mm2/s before NAC and (1.01±0.32)×10-3 mm2/s after NAC, P<0.01)]. There was no signifi-cant correlation between ADC value change (△ADC) and the longest diameter change of ALN (△L, r=0.131, P=0.413). The sensitivity, specificity and Kappa value of ALN evaluation after NAC were 100%, 62.5%and 0.68 measured by MRI. Con-clusion The change of tumor longest diameter reflects the effect of chemotherapy directly. The tumor ADC value of MRI can not be used as an independent indicator of chemotherapy effect of ALN, eventhouth MRI was the sensitive index for eval-uating the status of axillary lymph node after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer.

Aim To investigate glutamate-induced [ Ca2 + ] i changes in cultured rat neonatal cortical astrocytes after hypoxia/reoxygenation, H2O2 or high concentration of L-glutamate injury. In the meantime, the effects of Gingko biloba extract (GbE) were examined. Methods [ Ca2+ ]i changes in astrocytes were monitored by laser scanning confocal microscopy with the Ca2+ sensitive fluorescent probe [ Ca2 + ] i, but decrease by ( 3.3 ± 1.6) %, (81 ± 11 ) % and ( 81 ± 7 ) %, respectively. Pretreatment with H2O2 or high concentration of L-glutamate injury were ( 135 ± 98 ) %, ( 117 ± 93 ) % and ( 89 ± 36) %,different injury. Conclusion Hypoxia/reoxygenation, H2O2 and high concentration of L-glutamate impaired astrocytes' response to exogenous L-glutamate, and then bidirectional communication between astrocytes and neurons could not take place. GbE could improve the abnormal responses and maintain the normal function of astroglical network. These effects support that GbE has potential beneficial actions against brain injury.

Amyloidosis ; complications ; pathology ; Heart Diseases ; etiology ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

Objective To evaluate the performance of Mindray TSH chemiluminescence immunoassay ,including imprecision , limit of detection ,functional sensitivity ,interference ,cross-reaction ,and calibration consistency .The purpose was to confirm Mind-ray TSH assay meets the criteria of IFCC standardization and harmonization of thyroid functional tests .Methods The CLSI guide-lines defined in EP documents have been followed to measure the limit of detection ,functional sensitivity ,specificity ,imprecision and calibration consistency of Mindray TSH immunoassay on CL2000i system .Results Limit of detection was 0 .001 5 μIU/mL ,func-tional sensitivity was 0 .013 μIU/mL ,the correlation coefficient of linearity was 0 .999 in the range of 0-98 .95 μIU/mL .Mindray TSH calibrator C0 spiked with luteinizing hormone (LH) up to 500 mIU/mL ,follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) up to 500 mIU/mL ,or human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) up to 200 000 mIU/mL detected no cross reactivity (detected TSH was less than 0 .2μIU/mL) .Hemoglobin up to 500 mg/dL ,bilirubin up to 10 mg/dL ,triglycerides up to 1 800 mg/dL ,and protein up to 10 g/dL showed -6 .91% ~8 .60% bias in TSH measurement .The total imprecision of two controls (high and low levels) and three serum specimens were in the range of 3 .24% and 5 .34% .Calibration consistency which had been demonstrated with high and low controls were measured between -6 .58% and 5 .26% .Conclusion The performance of Mindray thyroid-stimulating hormone assay meets the criteria for IFCC standardization and harmonization of thyroid function tests .

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of ischemic postconditioning (IPC) on myocardial perfusion levels of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients having underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and the safety of IPC. Methods One hundred and sixty patients with STEMI were enrolled, and they accepted the primary PCI therapy within the onset of 12 h. The patients were divided into 2 groups according the treatment method:control group (routine PCI group, 82 cases) and IPC group (78 cases). The ST-segment resolution, TIMI myocardial perfusion grade (TMPG), before and after PCI levels of nitrogen monoxidum (NO), endothelin (ET)-1, tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1, rate of intraoperative complication were observed. The patients were followed up for 6 months, the rate of major adverse cardiac event (MACE) was recorded. Results The rates of ST-segment resolution and TMPG well in IPC group were significantly higher than those in control group:84.62%(66/78) vs. 67.07%(55/82) and 80.77%(63/78) vs. 64.63%(53/82), and the rate of ischemia-reperfusion injury in IPC group was significantly lower than that in control group: 7.69%(6/78) vs. 24.39%(20/82), and there were statistical differences ( P<0.05 or<0.01). The endothelial function and fibrinolysis activity indexes (NO, ET-1, t-PA and PAI-1 levels ) 7 d after PCI in IPC group were significantly better than those in control group: (52.37 ± 3.84) μmol/L vs. (50.95 ±3.85) μmol/L, (75.47 ±3.47) ng/L vs. (76.61 ±3.72) ng/L, (12.96 ±1.25) μg/L vs. (12.52 ±1.23) μg/L, (21.78 ±4.01)μg/L vs. (24.95±7.56)μg/L, and there were statistical differences (P<0.05 or<0.01). There was no statistical difference in the rate of intraoperative complication between 2 groups ( P>0.05). The rate of MACE in IPC group was significantly lower than that in control group:3.85% (3/78) vs. 14.63% (12/82), and there was statistical difference (P<0.05). Conclusions Applying IPC in patients with STEMI having underwent primary PCI is safe and can improve myocardial perfusion levels. The improvement of vessel endothelial function and fibrinolysis activity attained from IPC may be the major mechanism.

Objective:To improve the safety,rationality and efficacy of medication for ovarian cancer patients complicated with cirrhosis by the participation of clinical pharmacists in the therapy. Methods:Clinical pharmacists participated in the therapy for an ovarian cancer patient with cirrhosis,and provided a rational and individualized therapeutic regimen through the drug experience of clinical pharmacists as well as the relevant medical guides and literatures. Results:The therapeutic efficacy was increased by the participation of clinical pharmacists in the therapy,the potential risk of the chemotherapy was avoided and the security of medication was assured. Conclusion:The participation of clinical pharmacists in therapeutic practice can improve the normalization of pharmacotherapy for ovarian cancer patients with cirrhosis,which also can provide ideas and methods for treating the similar patients.

A 18-year-old male patient's case was diagnosed as Degos'disease with pathognomonic skin lesions,accompanied by small bowel perforation,and reported here. Skin histopothological test show that the typical wedge-shaped necrobiosis and lymphocyte inflammatory infiltration. Vessels showed narrowing and thrombosis,with lymphocyte infiltration. Degos'disease is a systemic necrotizing vasculitis. Skin biopsy can confirm its diagnosis. Severe systemic complication should be prevented. Degos'disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of skin lesions associated with systemic involvement.

0.05),APACHEⅡ score,and mortality were higher than those in negative group(P

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for simultaneous determination of paeoniflorin,berberine hydrochloride and ammonium glycyrrhizinate in Xiaoer huadu powder.METHODS:HPLC method was adopted.The separation was performed on Waters SunFireTM-C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.1％ phosphoric acid (gradient elution) at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min.The detection wavelength was set at 238 nm,and column temperature was 25 ℃.The sample size was 10 μL.RESULTS:The linear ranges of paeoniflorin,berberine hydrochloride and ammonium glycyrrhizinate were 8.808-88.08 μg/mL(r=0.999 8),1.778-17.78 μg/mL(r=0.999 6),2.533-25.33 μg/mL(r=0.999 9),respectively.LOQ were 4.404,0.889,2.533 μg/mL;LOD were 1.101,0.445,1.267 μg/mL.RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were all lower than 2％.The recoveries were 95.08％-99.61％ (RSD=1.77％,n =9),96.93％-99.94％ (RSD=0.92％,n=9),98.33％-102.05％ (RSD=1.27％,n=9).CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,accurate and reproducible,and can be used for simultaneous determination of paeoniflorin,berberine hydrochloride and ammonium glycyrrhizinate in Xiaoer huadu powder.