Objective To explore the underlying mechanism of potential effect of sildenafil on porcine pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (SMCs) proliferation induced by serotonin. Methods Porcine pulmonary artery SMCs at 3-5 passages were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group (CON), 5-HT group (HT), sildenafil group (SIL) and sildenfil-5HT combined group (S-HT). Pulmonary artery SMCs at exponential growth phase were serum starved with 0.2% FBS for 72 h, followed by sterile PBS, serotonin (10 μmol/L) and sildenafil (1 μmol/L) incubation in CON group, HT group and SIL group, respectively. In combined group (S-HT): pulmonary artery SMCs were serum starved and then exposed to sildenafil for 20 min, followed by serotonin incubation for indicated time. The phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK1/ERK2) was measured by Western blot at indicated time points. Flow active cell sorting (FACS) was used to evaluate the ratio of S phase cells in the cell cycle after 24 h of treatment. MTT color metric method was used to analyze SMCs proliferative index after 72 h of treatment. Results Compared with CON group, the phosphorylation of ERK1/ERK2, the percentage of cells in S phase, and the cell proliferation index increased remarkably after incubation with 5-HT (P<0.05). Preincubation with sildenafil followed by serotonin enhanced the phosphorylation of ERK1/ERK2 (p-ERK1/ERK2) and further elevated the percentage of cells in S phase and the cell proliferation index compared with that of HT group. While the total ERK1/ERK2 (t-ERK1/ERK2) was not statistically different among these groups. Conclusions Sildenafil potentiates the proliferative effect of serotonin on pulmonary arterial SMCs via upregulating phosphorylation of ERK1/ERK2.

Antibodies, Monoclonal ; administration & dosage ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Female ; Humans ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Paclitaxel ; administration & dosage ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; metabolism ; Trastuzumab

OBJECTIVETo compare the cleaning effect of automatic cleaning machine and manual cleaning on coupling type surgical instruments.

METHODSA total of 32 cleaned medical instruments were randomly sampled from medical institutions in Putuo District medical institutions disinfection supply center. Hygiena System SUREII ATP was used to monitor the ATP value, and the cleaning effect was evaluated.

RESULTSThe surface ATP values of the medical instrument of manual cleaning were higher than that of the automatic cleaning machine.

CONCLUSIONCoupling type surgical instruments has better cleaning effect of automatic cleaning machine before disinfection, the application is recommended.

Androstadienes ; therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal ; administration & dosage ; Aromatase Inhibitors ; administration & dosage ; Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Female ; Humans ; Nitriles ; administration & dosage ; Postmenopause ; Triazoles ; administration & dosage

Aim To study the interfering effects of picrosideⅡ on the expressions of nuclear transcription factor kappaB(NF-κB)and inhibitor of NF-κB(I-κB)after cerebral ischemic reperfusion in rats.Methods Intraluminal thread methods were applied to establish the middle cerebral artery occlusion reperfusion models in rats.PicrosideⅡ(10 mg·kg~(-1))and salvianic acid A sodium(10 mg·kg~(-1))were injected from the tail vein for treatment.TUNEL positive cells were counted by immunofluorescence assay.The expressions of NF-κB and I-κB were determined by immunohistochemical assay,and the concentration of NF-κB and I-κB in brain tissue was determined by ELISA.Results The exprssions of NF-κB and I-κB were weakly and the apoptotic cells were scattering at cortex,striatum and hippocampus in the sham operative group.In the negative control group,the number of TUNEL positive cells and the expressions of NF-κB and I-κB increased,the absorption(A)values and the concentration were significantly higher than those in the sham operative group(P<0.05).While in the positive control and picroside groups,the expressions(A values)and concentration of NF-κB and I-κB and the number of TUNEL positive cells were significantly lower than those in the negative control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference between the positive control group and picroside group(P>0.05).Conclusion Picroside Ⅱ might downregulate the expressions of NF-κB and I-κB to inhibit neuronal apoptosis induced by inflammation after cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in rats.

Objective To evaluate and monitor the efifcacy of GnRH analogs (GnRHa) therapy. Methods Thirty girls with central precocious puberty diagnosied by LHRH stimulation test were treated with GnRHa for 6-24 months. The LHRH stimula-tion test were performed again at 3 months after initiation of therapy and then every 6 months during treatment. The relationship of peark LH and clinical suppressing pubertal (including Turner stage, bone age, grwoth speed) were compared. The monitor effect of peak LH to efifcacy of GnRHa were eveluated. Results Ninety LHRH stimulation tests were performed, only 7 cases were found to have clinical pubertal development. After 6 months treatment, the base LH level of thirty girls (0.48±0.20) IU/L was signiifcantly lower than that before the treatment (0.75±0.35 IU/L) (P=0.000). The correlation coefifcient between base LH and peak LH was 0.62. The best correlation between clinical suppressing pubertal and LHRH stimulation test was achieved when peak LH was less than 2 IU/L (85.7%sensitivity, 100%speciifcity). Conclusions Base LH value can be used in preliminary as-sessment of the efifcacy of GnRHa therapy for girls with central precocious puberty. The peak LH less than 2 IU/L can be as the indicator of treatment efifcacy.

Objective To compare the efficacy,toxicity and prognosis on treating advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) between using weekly docetaxel (DOC) and using DOC associated with nedaplatin(NDP).Methods 56 cases of NSCLC patients were retrospectively analyzed.Group A included 34 cases who were treated with weekly DOC (35 mg/m2,dl,8).Group B included 22 cases who were treated with DOC associated with NDP (DOC 35 mg/m2,dl,8,NDP 80 mg/m2,d2).One treatment cycle was 21 days.Efficacy,toxicity and prognosis were evaluated after 2 treatment cycles.Results RR of group A was 8.8 ％ (3/34).RR of group B was 27.3 ％ (6/22).DCR of group A was 50.0 ％ (17/34).DCR of group B was 63.6 ％ (14/22).PFS of group A was 2.3 months.PFS of group B was 5.1 months.OS of group A was 8.7 months.OS of group B was 10.5 months.1-year survival rate of group A was 26.5 ％.1-year survival rate of group B was 31.8 ％.The above comparisons were not statistically different (all P ＞ 0.05).In adverse reactions,hematologic toxicity in group B was greater than that in group A (x2 =4.877,P =0.027).Other adverse reactions such as gastrointestinal reactions,fatigue and so on were grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ.Conclusions The treatment of weekly DOC used in advanced NSCLC is safe,effective an low toxicity.There are no significant difference of RR and PFS between single DOC and DOC associated with NDP.

Objective To evaluate the survival and adverse effects of adjuvant concurrent temozolomid (TMZ) combined with radiochemotherapy in postoperative patients with high grade intracranial glioma.Methods 84 postoperative patients with high grade intracranial glioma were randomly divided into the observation group (42 cases including 25 grade Ⅲ cases and 17 grade Ⅳ cases) and the control group (42 cases including 23 grade Ⅲ cases and 19 grade Ⅳ cases).All patients were treated with concurrent radiochemotherapy after surgical operations,the total radiation dose was 60-66 Gy.The patients in observation group were given daily oral TMZ 75 mg/m2 during radiotherapy.4 weeks after radiotherapy,all of the patients received 6 cycles of TMZ,each cycle lasted 5 days with 28 days interval between each cycles.150 mg/m2 of TMZ was given for the first cycle for 5 days,followed by 200 mg/m2 of drug for the rest of the cycles if no significant drug related toxicities were observed.Results The overall response rates (CR+ PR) were 71.7 ％ (33/46) in the observation group,and 32.6 ％ (15/46) in the control group,and with significant difference between the two groups (P ＜ 0.001).The 1,2 and 3 year survival rates of patients in the observation group were 71.7 ％,47.8 ％,36.9 ％,and 56.5 ％,26.1％,15.2 ％ in the control group.The significant differences were found in 2-year and 3-year survival rates between the two groups (P =0.031,0.018).The median recurrent period in the observation group were 22 and 12 months in the control group,and with singnificant difference (P =0.015).The main side effects were limited to grade Ⅰ or Ⅱ.Conclusions Concurrent TMZ combined with radiotherapy in the treatment of high grade gliomas has better clinical efficacy,and can improve the 2-year and 3-year survival rates.Patients tolerate the strategy well and no severe toxicities are observed.

Objective To investigate the features of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNENs).Methods The retrospective and descriptive study was adopted.The clinicopathological data of 33 patients with pNENs who were admitted to the Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical School of Huazhong University of Science and Technology between May 2012 and February 2016 were collected.All the patients underwent plain and enhanced scans of CT and MRI.Observation indicators:(1) overall imaging findings and pathological results of pNENs,(2) imaging findings of functional pNENs,(3) imaging findings of non-functional pNENs.Main analysis indicators included tumor diameter,location,boundary,density,cystic degeneration,enhancement,signal,calcification,with or without pancreaticobiliary duct dilation,with or without surrounding tissues invasion,lymph node and distant organ metastases.Results (1) Overall imaging findings and pathological results of pNENs:of 33 patinets with pNENs,24 underwent CT examination,3 underwent MRI examination and 6 underwent CT and MRI examinations.Tumors of 33 patients were solitary with a diameter of 0.6-16.0 cm.Ten,1,13 and 9 tumors were respectively located at the head of pancreas,uncinate process of pancreas,body of pancreas and tail of pancreas.Thirty-three patients were diagnosed as pNENs by pathological examination,including 20 with functional pNENs (insulinoma) and 13 with non-functional pNENs,and G1,G2 and G3 were respectively detected in 24,7 and 2 patients.The coincidence rate between preoperative CT or MRI examination and pathological examination was 90.9％ (30/33).One,1 and 1 patients were misdiagnosed as pancreatic cancer,enlargement of peripancreatic lymph nodes and duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumor,respectively.(2) Imaging findings of functional pNENs:tumor diameter of 20 patients with functional pNENs was 0.6-3.0 cm with an average diameter of 1.5 cm.Fòur,10 and 6 tumors were respectively located at the head of pancreas,body of pancreas and tail of pancreas.Of 20 patients with functional pNENs,tumors of 19 patients showed clear boundary and 1 showed unclear boundary,and tumors of 18 patients had uniform density and 2 had uneven density with cystic degeneration,without the occurrence of calcification.Of 20 patients undergoing dynamic enhanced scans,tumors of 19 patients demonstrated obvious enhancement in arterial phase and slightly obvious enhancement or were equal to normal pancreatic tissues in portal vein phase and lag phase,and tumor of 1 patient demonstrated slight enhancement in arterial phase and was equal to or less than normal pancreatic tissues in portal vein phase and lag phase.Tumors in 3 patients undergoing MRI scans were manifested as hypointensity on T1-weighted imaging (T1WI),hyperintensity on T2WI and hyperintensity on DWI (b =1 000 s/m2),with clear imaging.Of 20 patients,1 was accompanied with atrophy of pancreatic tissues at distal tumor,pancreatic duct dilatation,multiple retention cyst and enlargement of lymph nodes around the hepatic artery.(3) Imaging findings of non-functional pNENs:tumor diameter of 13 patients with non-functional pNENs was 1.5-16.0 cm with an average diameter of 5.0 cm.Six,1,3 and 3 tumors were respectively located at the head of pancreas,uncinate process of pancreas,body of pancreas and tail of pancreas.Of 13 patients with non-functional pNENs,tumors of 11 patients showed clear boundary and 2 showed unclear boundary,tumors of 3 patients had uniform density and 10 had uneven density with cystic degeneration,and tumors of 2 patients had calcification.Of 13 patients undergoing dynamic enhanced scans,tumors of 12 patients demonstrated obvious enhancement in arterial phase,continuous enhancement in portal vein phase and lag phase and less obvious enhancement at cystic degeneration area,with marked enlargement of supplying arteries and draining veins in partial tumors.Tumor of 1 patient demonstrated slight enhancement,and its enhancement was slightly less than normal pancreatic tissues in arterial phase,portal vein phase and lag phase,with unclear boundary.Results of MRI scans in 6 patients showed that tumors of 4 patients were manifested as hypointensity on T1WI,slight hyperintensity or mixed signal on T2WI and hyperintensity on DWI (b =1 000 s/m2),and tumors of 2 patients were manifested as hypointensity on T1WI,hypointensity on T2WI and hyperintensity on DWI (b =800 s/m2).Of 13 patients with non-functional pNENs,4 had pancreaticobiliary duct dilation and 7 had local tissues invasion or distant organ metastasis (4 with liver metastasis,1 with peripanereatic lymph node metastasis,1 with liver and peripancreatic lymph node metastases and 1 with liver metastasis combined with splenic venous and arterial invasion),including 1 in G1,4 in G2 and 2 in G3.Of 5 patients with tumor diameter ＞ 5.0 cm,4 were complicated with liver or lymph node metastases.Conclusions CT and MRI features of pNENs have a certain characteristics.For functional pNENs,benign and solid tumor is common,with clear boundary and smaller diameter.For non-functional pNENs,tumor size is bigger and cystic necrosis occurs within the tumor,with various enhancements.

Objective To analyze the major adverse reactions of anti-hyperlipidemia drugs and their influencing factors.Methods The adverse reactions of anti-hyperlipidemia drugs in 579 patients were retrieved from the National Population and Health Scientific Data Platform.An adverse reaction-matched dictionary was established by normalizing the names of anti-hyperlipidemia drugs according to the drug name + dosage form and describing the adverse reactions according to the WHO adverse reaction terminology.The data set dimensions were analyzed by data mining.Results The adverse reaction rate of intravenous drip was 75.4% and manifested as chest distress,itching and dyspnea.The rate of adverse reaction involving organ systems was 61.1% and manifested as systemic injury,fever,discomfort and anorexia.Logistic regression analysis showed that the drug giving route was a factor influencing the severity of adverse reaction.Conclusion The adverse reactions of anti-hyperlipidemia drugs involve systemic,skin and its appendix injury.Drug giving route is the major factor influencing the severity of adverse reaction.