Objective Network emulation system constructs a virtual network environment which has the characteristics of controllable and repeatable network conditions. This makes it possible to predict the availability and performance of new protocols and algorithms before deploying to Internet. Methods PARNEM, a parallel discrete event network emulation system described in this paper has the following characteristics: ① BREEN - a BSP based real-time event scheduling engine; ② application transparent flexible interactive mechanism; ③ legacy network model reuse. Conclusion PARNEM allows detailed and accurate study of application behavior. Comprehensive case studies covering bottleneck bandwidth measurement and distributed cooperative web caching system demonstrate that network emulation technology opens a wide range of new opportunities for examining the behavior of applications.

Objective Through the two D-dimer content detection of the fracture patients and healthy con-trols,and analyze the difference between them ,to explore the correlation between fractures were detected two D-dimer and the importance and the patient′s condition.Methods 306 of fracture patients were collected for determination of D-dimer content were detected at the same time ,100 healthy people as control two D-dimer content;analysis of the correlation between the fracture in 306 cases patients with D-dimer content .Results The plasma D-dimer level of pa-tients with two fracture(10.7 ±2.6)mg/L,which was significantly higher than that of healthy subjects (0.3 ±0.1) mg/L(t=11.07,P<0.01);The fracture number,fracture patients plasma D-dimer detection results content is high-er,the more serious condition .Conclusion The plasma D-dimer level was significantly higher in patients with two fractures,coagulation Stata ,fibrinolytic enhancement ,easily lead to venous thrombosis and disseminated intravascular coagulation in patients with more complications such as fracture;fracture,the higher the content of plasma D-dimer, patients with more serious ,there is correlation .

Humans ; Hyoid Bone ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Syndrome

AIM:To investigate the protective effect of nerve growth factor combined with Ginkgo biloba extract on retinal ischemia-reperfusion (RIR) injury in rabbits with experimental high intraocular pressure.METHODS:Establishment of rabbit glaucoma ischemia reperfusion model.Twenty-four New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups:nerve growth factor group, Ginkgo biloba extract group and combination group.Respectively, in the continuous administration of 1, 7, 14d.We observed the morphological changes of the tissues of the retina.The levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD), nitric oxide(NO) and malondialdehyde(MDA) in retinal tissue were measured.RESULTS:Respectively, first, in the continuous administration of 1, 7, 14d, the contents of MDA and NO in Ginkgo biloba extract group and nerve growth group were higher than that in combination group (P<0.05).Secondly, the SOD content of Ginkgo biloba extract group and nerve growth group were lower than that of combination group at each time point (P<0.05).At each time point, the number of HE staining of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) showed that the loss of RGCs in the combination group was significantly lower than that in the other groups, and the ganglion cell count showed that the Ginkgo biloba extract group and the neuronal growth group were lower (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Nerve growth factor combined with Ginkgo biloba extract has better protective effect on retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury.The mechanism may be related to the decrease of free radicals and increase the activity of SOD in retinal tissue.

Objective To observe the effects of berberine on inflammatory factors, adipokines and fatty acid metabo-lism in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying berberine’s role of improving insulin re-sistance. Methods mRNA level of inflammatory molecules, adipokines, key enzymes and protein in fatty acid metabolism in 3T3-L1 cells were determined by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) after cells were treated with different concentrations of berberine (0, 5, 10, 20, 40μmol/L) for 24 hours and with 10μmol/L berberine at different du-rations (0,4,8,24,48 h). These factors mainly included interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), leptin, adipo-nectin, visfatin, fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (AFABP). Results In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, transcription level of IL-6, TNF-α, leptin, FAS, AT-GL, AFABP reduced with addition of berberine dosage at 10~40μmol/L(P＜0.05)while visfatin mRNA level increased(P＜0.05)compared with the control group. No significant difference was found in expression of adiponectin(P>0.05). Tran-scription level of IL-6, TNF-α, leptin, AFABP, ATGL, FAS decreased with time after 10μmol/L berberine intervention (8-48 h) compared with the control group(P＜0.05). On the other hand, visfatin mRNA level increased(P＜0.05)compared with the control group. Adiponectin mRNA decreased only after cells were treated with berberine for 48 h(P＜0.05). No sig-nificant difference was found transcription of ACC between each groups treated with berberine(P > 0.05). Conclusion mRNA level of inflammatory factors, adipokines, key enzymes and protein in fatty acid metabolism in 3T3-L1 adipocytes can be affected by berberine and this effect depend on its dose and time . This might be the mechanisms underlying berber- ine to improve insulin resistance.

Objective To investigate the influence of hypnotherapy in patients with depression and their families. Methods One hundred and thirty-six cases of hospitalization or outpatient patients with depression were divided into the study group and the control group according to the order. The study group and the control group were treated with hypnosis therapy and venlafaxine, respectively. All patients were observed for 6 weeks. Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) were assessed for patients with depression and the Symptom Checklist (SCL-90) and family assessment table (FAD) were assessed for thir families in the 0 and 6 weeks. Results There were no significant differences between the two groups in the clinical efficacy (χ2=1.31,> 0.05) and the HAMD, HAMA scores in the 0 and 6 weeks ( >0.05) . There were significant differences between the 0 and 6 weeks within the two groups in the HAMD and HAMA scores ( < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the family members of two groups in the SCL-90 factor scores in the 0 and 6 weeks (>0.05) . There was no significant difference between the two groups in the FAD factor scores in the 0 and 6 weeks. There was significant difference between the 0 and 6 weeks within the two groups with emotional involvement, communication and FAD total scores ( <0.05). There were positiue correlations between the HAMA factor scores and FAD total scores ( <0.05) and between the HAMD factor scores and emotional involvement scores ( <0.05) . Conclusion There was equivalent efficacy between hypnotherapy and antidepressants in patients with depression. Hypnotherapy can effectively make the patient's depression and anxiety better and improve their family functions.

Acute Kidney Injury ; chemically induced ; Child ; Humans ; Male ; Methotrexate ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; drug therapy

Objective To explore how neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is related with inflammation and atherosclerosis,and the role of NLR in hospitalization in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients.Methods MHD patients treated in hemodialysis center of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital from June till November 2013 were enrolled.Patients with severe infection,cardiovascular events and malignant carcinoma were excluded.NLR was determined from complete blood count differential.Clinical parameters such as serum albumin,lipids,intact parathormone,ferritin,C-reactive protein (CRP),25-(OH) vitamin D,interleukin-6 (IL-6) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were collected.Pulse wave velocity (PWV) and ankle-brachial index (ABI) were used to evaluate the arterial stiffness.Spearman analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between NLR and these parameters.All patients were divided into low NLR group (NLR≤3.25) and high NLR group (NLR ＞3.25) on the median NLR,and their differences in these indexes were analyzed.During the one-year follow-up,the reasons and rates of hospitalization and survival were analyzed.Results One hundred and thirteen MHD patients including 58 males and 55 females were enrolled with (69±49) dialysis age and (54± 15) average age.(1) The NLR was significantly correlated with whole blood count (WBC,r=0.538,P＜ 0.001),ABIL (r=0.201,P=0.033),ABIR (r=0.235,P=0.012) and total cholesterol (TC,r=-0.414,P＜ 0.001) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C,r=-0.378,P ＜ 0.001).(2) Low NLR patients had increased TC,LDL-C and IL-6 as compare with high NLR patients,however decreased ABIL and ABIR (all P ＜ 0.05).(3) Forty one patients were hospitalized 63 times during the follow-up period.Annual hospitalization rate was 558/1000 and the mortality rate was 17.7/1000.(4)NLR in patients at least hospitalized once a year was significantly lower than in patients without hospitalization,while ALP was higher (all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with those in other patients,NLR and hemoglobin (Hb) were significantly lower in patients with hospitalization due to infection,while ALP was higher (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions NLR is related with WBC,ABI,TC and LDL-C in MHDpatients.Lower NLR may indicate high risk for cardiovascular,atherosclerosis and hospitalization,probably different form non-MHD patients,which needs more studies to verify.

Female ; Humans ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Periodontitis ; complications ; physiopathology ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious ; physiopathology ; Pregnancy Outcome

Objective To compare the cardiac function parameters in gated SPECT determined by filtered back projection (FBP) and OSEM reconstruction methods. Methods One hundred and forty-four patients underwent 99Tcm-MIBI gated-SPECT imaging studies. The parameters LVEF, EDV and ESV, were derived using quantitative gated SPECT (QGS), four-dimensional model SPECT (4D-MSPECT) and emory cardiac toolbox (ECToolbox) softwares. Each image was reconstructed by FBP or OSEM. Bland-Altman analysis and paired t-test were applied to evaluate those parameters. Results Correlation coefficients for LVEF, EDV and ESV between FBP and OSEM methods were all more than 0.93 (all P<0.001). EDV calculated by FBP was lower than that by OSEM using QGS software, but became the opposite when using 4D-MSPECT and ECToolbox softwares. (QGS: (82.2±39.1) ml vs (83.5±40.8) ml, t=-2.53, P<0.05; 4D-MSPECT: (93.5±46.9) ml vs (88.8±45.2) ml, t=5.95, P<0.01; ECToolbox: (106.4±51.1) ml vs (100.8±49.0) ml, t=3.99, P<0.01). ESV calculated by FBP was higher than that by OSEM using 4D-MSPECT software (4D-MSPECT:(37.5±41.4) ml vs (34.8±37.6) ml, t=3.92, P<0.01). LVEF calculated by FBP was lower than that by OSEM using QGS software ((62.1±16.9)% vs (63.1±16.1)%, t=-3.14, P<0.05), but higher than that by OSEM using ECToolbox software ((74.1±18.8)% vs (71.3±17.1)%, t=5.28, P<0.01). Conclusion Generally, cardiac functional parameters based on FBP and OSEM construction methods correlated well, although they might have singnificantly different results.