OBJECTIVE:To observe the safety and immunological effects of Measles-mumps-rubella(MMR)attenuated live at-tenuated vaccine in children. METHODS:300 children aged 8-12 months receiving inoculation were selected from Changsha Hospi-tal for Maternal and Child Health Care during Jan. 2015-Apr. 2016 to observe safety and immunological effects. Those children were divided into MMR group,measles vaccine group,mumps vaccine group and rubella vaccine group according to vaccine type, with 75 cases in each group. The occurrence of ADR in 72 h were compared among 4 groups after inoculation;venous blood of chil-dren was collected before vaccination and 5 months after vaccination,and the antibody positive test was carried out by micro coagu-lation inhibition (HI) test;HI antibody titer was recorded after immunization,and positive rate and genometric meantiter(GMT) were calculated. RESULTS:The incidence of ADR in 4 groups were 9.33%,8.00%,8.00% and 10.67%,respectively. No local ADR was found in 4 groups;among systemic ADR,the incidence of fever was higher than that of other clinical manifestations,be-ing 4.00%,4.00%,4.00% and 5.33%;there was no statistical significance in the incidence of ADR among 4 groups(P>0.05). Measles,mumps and rubella antibody positive rates of MMR group were 100%,92.00% and 100%,respectively;antibody posi-tive rates of measles vaccine group,mumps vaccine group and rubella vaccine group were 100%,85.33% and 100%,respective-ly;there was no statistical significance in same antibody positive rate among 4 groups(P>0.05). GMT of measles in MMR group and measles vaccine group were 1∶41 and 1∶27,that of mumps in MMR group and mumps vaccine group were 1∶6.3 and 1∶6.2, there was no statistical significance (P>0.05);GMT of rubella in MMR group and rubella vaccine group were 1∶320 and 1∶849, with statistical significance (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Compared to traditional single vaccine,MMR dose not increase the inci-dence of ADR and not influence positive rate,but GMT of rubella increases significantly,to which should be paid attention.

Objective To determine the optimal cut-off value of critical-care pain observation tool (CPOT) in assessing degree of pain in patients undergone craniotomy, and to determine the sensitivity and specificity of CPOT with this cut-off value. Methods A prospective observational study was conducted in Beijing Tiantan Hospital. A total of 118 patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) after craniotomy was consecutively enrolled during August 2014 to August 2015. CPOT and visual analogue scale (VAS) were used to assess the pain before, during and 20 minutes after the removal of central venous catheters, and the difference was compared between two scores at three time points. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the optimal cut-off values for evaluation of the sensitivity and specificity of CPOT. Patients' complaint of pain was considered the gold-standard. Results CPOT values (inter-quartile range) before, during and after the procedure were 0 (0-3), 0 (0-6) and 0 (0-2), respectively; while VAS values were 4 (1, 6), 3 (1, 6) and 4 (1, 6), respectively. CPOT value during the procedure was significantly higher than CPOT values before and after the procedure (both P < 0.01). When the optimal cut-off value of CPOT was 1, CPOT showed the highest Youden index before, during and after the procedure (1.183, 1.515, and 1.438, respectively), and showed high specificity (all 100%) and low sensitivity (18.3% and 43.8%, respectively) when assessing the pain before and after the removal of the catheter. The sensitivity and the specificity were high when assessing the pain during the procedure, the sensitivity was 69.4%, and the specificity was 82.1%. When the optimal cut-off value of VAS was 2 before and during the procedure, and was 4 after the procedure, VAS showed the highest Youden index, 1.568, 1.452, and 1.509, respectively. VAS demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity before, during and after the procedure (sensitivity was 97.2%, 95.2% and 75.0%, respectively; specificity was 59.6%, 50.0% and 75.9%, respectively). The area under ROC curve (AUC) of CPOT before, during and after the procedure were 0.592 [95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 0.490-0.693], 0.778 (95%CI= 0.693-0.863) and 0.719 (95%CI = 0.627-0.811), respectively; the AUC of VAS before, during and after the procedure were 0.846 (95%CI = 0.771-0.920), 0.767 (95%CI = 0.681-0.854) and 0.838 (95%CI = 0.767-0.909), respectively. The AUC of VAS before and after the procedure was significantly higher than the AUC of CPOT (P < 0.001 and P = 0.006), while there was no significant difference between the AUC of VAS and CPOT during the procedure (P = 0.826). Conclusion CPOT can be used to assess the pain during painful procedure, and it shows high accuracy, but with poor evaluation effect on pain in rest.

Animals ; Diet, Atherogenic ; Disease Models, Animal ; Heart ; physiopathology ; Myocardium ; pathology ; Obesity ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Rats ; Renin-Angiotensin System ; physiology

Objective To study effects of 1 800 MHz electromagnetic field exposure in pregnancy on the ultrastructure of the hippocampus of offspring rats. Methods Ninety Wistar rats(female and male was 2:1) were mated,and the pregnant rats were exposed to 1 800 MHz microwave field with power density of 0.5 mW/cm2 or 1.0 mW /cm2,12 h/d,for 21 consecutive days,the rats in the control group received dummy exposure. Three rats aged 3 days and 72 days were selected from groups for ultrastructure observation of hippocampus. Results No significant pathological changes were observed in nerve cells and capillary vessels in the hippocampus. Conclusion The results of the present paper indicate that pregnancy exposure to 1 800 MHz electromagnetic field,may not lead to abnormal ultrastructure changes in hippocampus of offspring rats

Objective Two different transthoracic impedances were made with an adjustable impedance instrument to compare the success rate of defibrillation,heart and skin damage in a porcine model.Methods A total of sixteen pigs were randomly (random number) divided into two groups:low impedance group (about 50 Ω,n =8) and high impedance group (about 100 Ω,n =8).Defibrillation (recommended 150 J) was first attempted at 15 s after induction of ventricular fibrillation (VF).If spontaneous circulation was not recovered,2-minute chest compression and subsequent defibrillation attempts (maximum 200 J) were attempted.Model animal kept stabilization for 30 min after return of spontaneous circulation before induction of the next episode of VF,which was induced five episodes in each pig.Results In the low impedance group,VF was induced 39 times,39 of 43 attempted defibrillations were successful.In the high impedance group,VF was induced 40 times,40 of 70 attempted defibrillations were successful.The current and success rate of the first defibrillation were (34.9 ±3.2) A and 94.9％ respectively in the low impedance group,while those of the high impedance group were (19.1 ±2.1) A and 50％ respectively (both P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences in skin damage between two groups,but myocardial injury was lighter in the high impedance group.Conclusions Success rate of the first defibrillation with recommend 150 J obviously decreases with the increase of transthoracic impedance.The main factor of myocardial injury is current instead of the numbers of defibrillation.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between microalbuminuria(MAU) and cardiac autonomic neuropathy in diabetes.MethodsThe urinary albumin excretion (UAE) was measured,and the cardiac autonomic function was detected using 24 hour ambulatory ECG spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) in 46 patients with diabetes and 31 normal control subjects.ResultsParameters of time and frequencydomain of HRV were reduced in patients with diabetes.The high frequency at night reflecting the cardiac vagus nerve function was significantly lower in diabetic patients than control group.In diabetic patients with MAU,the detected values of HRV were significantly decreased,combined vagosympathetic impairment occurred,and 24 hour rhythm from day to night in autonomic nervous activity disappeared.ConclusionMAU in diabetes is related with HRV.

Objective To construct adenovirus vector harboring CTLA4Ig-IRES2-I?B? gene for the study of enhancement blockade of T cell costimulatory pathway. Methods The IRES2 fragment was cloned in to the shuttle plasmid pAdtrack-CMV-CTLA4Ig, and then the human I?B? fragment was constructed with the link of the IRES2 to the pAdtrack-CMV-CTLA4Ig. Subsequently, adenovirus vector harboring CTLA4Ig-IRES2-I?B? was constructed by homologous recombination in E. coli BJ5183, and recombinant vector was packaged and propagated in 293 cells. Results The recombinant CTLA4Ig-IRES2-I?B? adenovirus was constructed by homologous recombination and identified by PCR and restrictive enzyme digestion methods. Conclusion The recombinant CTLA4Ig-IRES2-I?B? adenovirus may be used as a novel immunosuppressive agent for gene therapy in organ transplantation.

Objective To investigate the changes of molecule markers of pre-thrombotic state,expression of CD62P,concentration of plasma fibrinogen(Fib),prothrombin time(PT),activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT),thrombin time(TT) in the patients with essential hypertension for providing theoretical evidence for diagnosis and therapy of thrombus complication in early clinical stage.Methods Fifty-three patients with hypertension(grade Ⅰ 17 cases,grade Ⅱ 16 cases,grade Ⅲ 20 cases)were selected and twenty-eight people with medical examination in good health were used as control group.The expressions of CD62P and CD61 were measured by flow cytometry.The concentration of Fib and the levels of PT,APTT,TT were measured by Class coagulation method.Results The expression of CD62P and the concentration of plasma Fib in essential hypertension group were higher than those in control groups(P0.05).Conclusion The essential hypertensive patients are in pre-thrombotic state,the activation of platelet and blood clotting activity increase.Molecular markers should be measured in essential hypertensive patients for prevention and treatment of thrombotic disease.

Background Dry eye is the most common ocular surface disease.Anterior segment pattern of optical coherent tomography (OCT) is able to be used to assess the tear meniscus directly and accurately.Objective This study was to evaluate the correlation between measuring outcomes of tear meniscus by anterior segment module of OCT with signs and symptoms of dry eye.Methods A retrospective serial cases-observational study was designed.Thirty-six patients who completed Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and got a score more than 20 were enrolled in the First Hospital of Peking University from September to October,2010 under the informed consent.The upper and lower tear meniscus height (U/LTMH,μm),depth (U/LTMD,μm) and cross sectional area (U/LMA,mm2) were measured with the anterior segment module of OCT (RTVue.pitch).A series of clinical tests were performed,including tear film interferometry,break-up time (BUT),fluorescein corneal staining,lissamine green conjunctival staining and Schirmer Ⅰ test (S Ⅰ t).The correlations of measuring outcomes of tear meniscus by anterior segment module of OCT with dry eye-related examinations were analyzed with Spearman correlation coefficients.Results The values of UTMH,UTMD,UMA were (232±56) μm,(156±53) μm,(0.021 ±0.008) mm2,respectively,and the values of LTMH,LTMD,LMA were (222 ± 72) μm,(163 ± 65) μm,(0.020 ± 0.006) mm2,respectively.No significant differences were found in the measuring values between the upper and the lower tear meniscus (all at P＞0.05).The quantitative values of tear meniscus were not significantly correlated with the OSDI scores or tear film interferometry grade.Significant correlations were seen between UTMH,UTMD,UMA and BUT (r=0.46,P=0.01 ;r=0.40,P=0.02;r=0.43,P=0.01).LTMH,LTMD,LMA were positively correlated with BUT (r=0.61,P=0.00;r=0.64,P=0.00;r=0.64,P=0.00) and S Ⅰ t (r=0.54,P=0.02 ;r=0.46,P=0.01;r=0.55,P=0.01) as well as negatively correlated with fluorescein cornealstaining (r=-0.37,P=0.04;r=-0.37,P=0.04;r=-0.41,P =0.05) and lissamine green conjunctival staining (r =-0.56,P =0.01 ; r =-0.37,P =0.04 ; r =-0.47,P =0.00).Conclusions Anterior segment module of OCT is an effective approach to the measurement of tear meniscus.The measuring outcomes of anterior segment of OCT are associated with dry eye-related signs.

Objective To explore the effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on viral myositis in mice. Methods Four-week-old BALB/C male mice were randomly divided into normal control group, myocarditis group, and BMSCs intervention group at different stages (3 days and 2 weeks). The mouse model of viral myocarditis was established by intraperitoneal injection of Coxsackie virus B3. The mice in the intervention group were injected with BMSCs in the tail vein at 3 days and 2nd week after the injection of the virus. Four weeks later, echocardiography was performed, and the pathological integral and collagen volume fraction (CVF) were observed and calculated by light microscopy. The qRT-PCR method was used to detect the mRNA expression of homogenates collagen I (col1α1) and collagen fiber III (col3α1) in myocardial tissue. Results Compared with the normal control group, the left anterior and posterior wall became thinner, the diameter and volume of the left ventricle at end systolic period was increased; left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and short axis shortening rate (FS) decreased in the myocarditis group. The differences were statistically significant (P all<0.05). The LVEF and FS in each subgroup of the intervention group were better than those of the myocarditis group, and the improvement in the intervention group was more obvious at the 2nd week after the treatment of the myocarditis. The differences were significant (P all<0.05). Light microscope showed that myocardial CVF in myocarditis group was higher than in normal control group, and CVF in intervention group was reduced compared with myocarditis group and CVF in the 2nd week intervention group was lower than that in the 3 day intervention group. The differences were significant (P all<0.05). Compared with the control group, the mRNA expressions of col1α1 and col3α1 in the myocarditis group were increased, and they were lower in the intervention group than in the myocarditis group, and the differences were significant (P all<0.05). Conclusions BMSCs can reduce the degree of cardiac fibrosis and improve cardiac function in mice with viral myositis, and the intervention effect is better when the virus is infected in the 2nd week.