More and more studies have indicated that the relationship between vitamin D pathway and asthma,and the mechanisms include multiple abnormal aspects of vitamin D pathway leading to abnormal em-bryonic development and immune system disorders and so on. This review summarizes the relationship between vitamin D,vitamin D binding protein,vitamin D receptors,related gene polymorphisms and the immune system to describe the pathogenesis of asthma.

Recent years have witnessed tremendous progress in vitreoretinal surgery.The treatment of vitreoretinal diseases has increased enormously and its related indications expanded widely with the contribution of the emerging novel technologies,methods,equipment and new ideas.Attaching importance to minimally invasive surgery,application of auxiliary drugs,development of improved equipment and surgical technique were the main features. Further basic and clinical research is necessary to promote innovation and development of vitreoretinal surgery in China to keep pace with and surpass advanced technology.

Objective To investigat the safe time of SVC interruption in New Zealand rabbits, and help to find the safe time ofSVC interruption in chnical operation. Methods 25 New-Zealand rabbits were separated into 3 groups randomly. Bi-SVC was cross-clamped for one hour, two hours in animal models. The femoral artery or SVC pressures were monitored. The control group (sham op-eration group, 5) were opened chest both sides and monitored femoral artery pressure and SVC pressure for 2 hours. Samples of cere-brum, cerebellum and medulla of rabbits immediately post-operation were studied for water content, light and electric microscopies.The tiny change of brain cells in brain mantle, hippocampus and thalamencephal were observed under electron microscope. Results(1) The SVC pressure of rabbits varied regularly in occlusion groups, which displayed as "upgrade-degression- upgrade again-retain".(2) There was no obvious difference in water content of brain between the one hour group and the control group, both of which weremuch lower than two hours group. (3) The brain tissues were almost in normal construction in one hour group, but encephaledema wasobserved in two hours group. The pathological change of cony brain cells was light and reversible in one hour group. However, in twohours group, necrosis of neuron ceils in brain could be observed, which was irreversible. Concerto The animal model of acuteSVC obstruction was built successfully. Interruption of the SVC for 1 hour was proved safe, with longer interruption of SVC 2 hours,obvious encephaledema and necrosis of neuron cells can be observed.

As a protein originally found in plant pathogenic bacteria, transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) can be fused with the cleaving domain of restriction endonuclease (For example Fok I) to form artificial nucleases named TALENs. These proteins are dependent on variable numbers of tandem Repeats of TALEs to recognize and bind DNA sequences. Each of these repeats consists of a set of approximately 34 amino acids, composed of about 32 conserved amino acids and 2 highly variable amino acids called repeat variant di-residues (RVDs). RVDs distinguish one TALE from another and can make TALEs have a simple cipher for the one-to-one recognition for proteins and DNA bases. Based on this, in theory, artificially constructed TALENs could recognize and break DNA sites specifically and arbitrarily to perform gene knockout, insertion or modification. We reviewed the development of this technology in multi-level and multi species, and its advantages and disadvantages compared with ZFNs and CRISPR/Cas technology. We also address its special advantages in industrial microbe breeding, vector construction, targeting precision, high efficiency of editing and biological safety.
Amino Acid Motifs ; Biotechnology ; DNA ; chemistry ; Endonucleases ; chemistry ; Tandem Repeat Sequences ; Trans-Activators ; chemistry

Acute Disease ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Human bocavirus ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; epidemiology ; virology

Excessive and fast rise of medical expenses in China recent years has worsened the financial burden of both the government and individuals alike,making it a hotspot issue countrywide.To alleviate the difficulties of "accessibility to medical services" and "poverty or repoverty resulting from sickness" faced by the Chinese people at large,we built a multi-factor analysis model to identify key factors contributing to such a fast rise of medical expenses based on an analysis of the medical expenses in Shandong Province.In addition,we discussed the causes for GDP and headcount of medical staff in relation to the rise of medical expenses,and the strategies to curb expenses.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of single-port Da Vinci robotic surgical system in the radical resection of rectal cancer.Methods The retrospective descriptive study was conducted.The clinical data of one patient with rectal cancer who was admitted to the Southwest Hospital of the Third Military Medical University in June 2017 was collected.The patient underwent the first case of radical resection of rectal cancer with the single-port la Vinci robotic surgical system,and intraoperatively received laparoscopy-assisted digestive tract reconstruction.Observation indicators:(1) intra-and post-operative situations;(2) follow-up and survival.Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed to detect patients' survival up to July 2017.Results (1) Intra-and post-operative situations:the patient underwent successful single-port Da Vinci robotic radical resection of rectal cancer.The operation time and volume of intraoperative blood loss were 145minutes and 20 mL,without blood transfusion.The using time of nonsteroidal analgesic drug,time for out-of-bed activity,time to anal exsufflation,time of fluid diet intake and time of pelvic drainage tube removal were 1 day,24hours,48 hours,72 hours and 4 days after operation,respectively.No postoperative complication was detected.Results of postoperative pathological examination:moderate-differentiated rectal adenocarcinoma invaded serosal layer,with negative circumferential margin,negative distal margin of rectum and mesenteric lymph node metastasis (1 of 16 harvested lymph nodes was positive).Pathologic staging was T4aN1M0 (stage Ⅲb).The patient was discharged from hospital at postoperative day 6.(2) Follow-up and survival:the patient was followed up for 1month,with a good survival.Conclusion Single-port Da Vinci robotic surgical system in the radical resection of rectal cancer is safe and feasible,with good short-term outcomes.

Objective To explore the effects of lycopene on interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression and motor function after spinal cord injury in rats. Methods 36 healthy adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group (A), methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MP) treatment group (B) and lycopene treatment group (C) with 12 rats in each group, and spinal cord injury model at T9 was established with modified Allen's technique (10 g×25 mm). 30 minutes after modeling, group A received no treatment, group B was injected MP 30 mg/ kg, group C was given lycopene 20 mg/kg. They were tested with inclined plate test 1 day, 3 days and 7 days after injury. The expression of IL-6 was examined with immunohistochemistry, then. Results The inclined plate test scores were higher in the group C than in the group A 1 day and 7 days after injury (P<0.05), and in the group B than in the group A 1 day, 3 days and 7 days after injury (P<0.05). The expression of IL-6 was significantly lower in the groups B and C than in the group A 1 day, 3 days, 7 days after injury (P<0.001). Conclusion Lycopene can inhibit the expression of IL-6 in acute spinal cord injury to reduce the inflammation and facilitate the recovery of nerve and motor function.

Objective To study the effects of alpinetin on apoptosis of Hep3B cells and explore the related mechanism.Methods Hep3B cells were cultured in vitro,treated with alpinetin; RT-PCR and Western blot was used to detect the mRNA and protein levels of Bcl-2; MTT assay was used to detect the cellular growth inhibitory rate; Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining was used to detect the apoptosis rate of cells; Mitochondrial membrane potential was analyzed by flow cytometry; Western blot was used to detect protein expression of Caspase-3,9 and Cytochrome C ; the experiment was carried out in four groups:control group,high dosage of alpinetin group,middle dosage of alpinetin group and low dosage of alpinetin group.Results The expression of Bcl-2 in Hep3B cells were decreased by alpinetin.After treated with different dosages of alpinetin (40,80,120 μmol/L),the apoptotic inhibitory rate detected by MTT were 6.38％ ± 1.32％,21.58％ ± 1.97％ and 43.18％ ± 3.89％,significantly higher than those in control group (tlowdose =13.01,tmiddle dose =15.12,thighdose =14.79,average P ＜ 0.01) ; the expression of mitochondrial membrane potential green fluorescence protein (GFP) were 18.93％ ± 2.3％,31.11％ ± 2.67％ and46.06％ ± 2.95％,significantly higher than those in control group (tlow dose =16.70,tmiddle dose =31.38,thigh dose =48.15,average P ＜ 0.01).Western blot analysis showed that the expression of Caspase-3,9 andCytochrome C in cytoplasm significantly was higher than those in control group(Caspase-3:llow dose =11.94,tmiddle dose =10.18,thigh dose =18.82,average P ＜0.01; Caspase-9:tlow dose =15.11,tmiddle dose =20.41,thish dose =21.25,average P ＜0.01; Cytochrome C:tlow dose =15.11,tmiddle dose =28.47,thigh dose =16.01,average P ＜ 0.01).while that Cytochrome C in mitochondria significantly lower than those in control group (tlow dose =16.70,tmiddle dose =12.00,thighdose =27.61,average P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Alpinetin promotes apoptosis of human hepatic cancer cells Hep3B by down-regulating Bcl-2,probably through mitochondrial pathway.

Objective To detect the levels of IL-9,IL-17,and IFN-γ in CD4+T cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with RA and healthy controls were obtained,then the CD4+ T lymphocytes were tested by immunomagnetic beads.The protein levels of IL-9,IFN-γ and IL-17 were measured by flow cytometry (FCM).The mRNA levels of IL-9,IL-17,RORγt and IFN-γwere also detected by qRT-PCR.Data were analyzed by comparison between groups using variance analysis,and Pearson's correlation analysis was used for linear correlation analysis.Results The isolation of untouched human CD4+ T cells from PBMC was effective and its purity was over 90％.The protein levels of IL-9,IL-17,IFN-γwere higher in patients with active RA as compared with patients with inactive RA (P＜0.01) which were (1.62±0.23)％ vs (1.15±0.24)％(P＜0.01),(1.47±0.20)％ vs (1.04±0.26)％(P＜0.01) and (8.1±0.6)％ vs (6.9±1.0)％(P＜0.01) respectively,so did the patients with RA when compared with healthy controls (P＜0.01).The mRNA levels of IL-9,IL-17,RORγt and IFN-γ were higher in patients with active RA as compared with inactive RA patients (P＜0.01),which were (3.0±0.6) vs (1.8±0.4) (p＜0.01) (4.2±0.9)vs (2.3±0.7) (P＜0.01),(4.1±0.7)vs (2.9±0.3) (P＜0.01)and (4.0±0.8)vs (2.3±0.6) (P＜0.01) respectively,so did the patients with RA when compared with healthy controls (P＜0.01).Intracelluar IL-9 levels were positively correlated with IL-17 (r=0.632,P=0.001),IFN-γ (r=0.515,P=0.008),DAS28 (r=0.519,P=0.009) and ESR (r=0.857,P=0.038) but had no correlation with CRP (r=0.38,P=0.61).Conclusion The levels of IL-17,IL-9,IFN-γare higher in the PBMCs of RA patients,and these cytokines may participate in the pathogenesis of RA.