Objective To investigate the prognostic factors for patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure,and to provide a basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods A total of 172 patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related acute-on-chronic liver failure who were admitted to The First Hospital of Jilin University from January 1,2006 to January 1,2016 and had complete medical records and follow-up data were enrolled,and a retrospective analysis was performed for their clinical data and laboratory markers to determine prognostic factors.The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of continuous data between groups,the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups,and a multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed for the indices determined to be statistically significant by the univariate analysis to screen out independent risk factors for the prognosis of patients with HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure.Results The multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed for the indices determined to be statistically significant by the univariate analysis,and the results showed that the prognostic factors were total bilirubin (TBil),prothrombin time activity (PTA),Na +,total cholesterol (TC),Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) score,age ≥50 years,the presence of liver cirrhosis,bilirubin-enzyme separation,and complications.The multivariate regression analysis was performed for the complications determined to affect prognosis by the univariate analysis,and the results showed that the complications as risk factors were hepatic encephalopathy,hepatorenal syndrome,and infection.Conclusion TBil,PTA,Na +,TC,CTP score,age ≥50 years,the presence of liver cirrhosis,bilirubin-enzyme separation,and complications are independent risk factors for the prognosis of patients with HBV-related acute -on-chronic liver failure.Liver failure patients with hepatic encephalopathy,hepatorenal syndrome,and infection tend to have poorer prognosis.Therefore,early judgment of the prognosis of patients with liver failure is of great importance in the prevention and treatment of related complications.

Objective To explore the role of PADI4 mRNA in the initiation and development of rheumatoid arthritis(RA)and its correlation with clinical features.Methods Fifty-three RA patients,27 OA patients and 30 healthy volunteers were included in the study.The real-time-fluorescence quantitative PCR method was used to measure the expression level of PADI4 mRNA.The level of Anti-CCP antibody and DAS 28 of the RA patients were measured at the same time.Results It was shown that the level of PADI4 mRNA from RA was significantly higher than that of the OA and control group(P

ObjectiveTo investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) gene - 173G/C is associated with severe preeclampsia.Methods Totally 124 severe preeclampsia patients and 160 healthy pregnant women (control group) were included in our study who were recruited consecutively from Affiliated Hospital of Qiugdao University Medical College between March 2010 and March 2011.The SNP was detected through SYBR Green PCR.The levels of fasting blood glucose ( FBG),fasting insulin ( FIN),and serum total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride ( TG),high density lipoprotein (HDL) and light density lipoprotein (LDL) were determined in every participants.The homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated.The allele and genotype frequencies between severe preeclampsia patients and control group were compared.The FBG,FIN,body mass index (BMI),HOMA-IR,TC,TG,HDL and LDL in different genotype were compared.Results ( 1 ) The MIF - 173G/C SNP genotype frequencies of GG,CG,and CC were 62.1％ (77/124),30.6％ (38/124),7.3％ (9/124),the allelic frequencies of G and C were 77.4％ ( 192/248 ) and 22.6％ (56/248),respectively,in severe preeclampsia patients; the MIF - 173G/C SNP genotype frequencies of GG,CG,and CC were 64.4％ ( 103/160 ),30.6％ (49/160),5.0％ ( 8/160),the allelic frequencies of G and C were 79.7％ (255/320) and 20.3％ (65/320),respectively,in the control group.No significant differences were observed in the genotypes and allele distributions of MIF - 173G/C SNP between the severe preeclampsia patients and control group (all P ＞ 0.05 ).(2) The severe preeclampsia patients with CG and CC genotypes had higher BMI compared with the GG genotype [ (25 ±4) versus (22 ±4) kg/m2 ; t =3.96,P ＜ 0.05 ].( 3 ) The severe preeclampsia patients with CG and CC genotypes had higher FIN level and higher HOMA-IR compared with the GG genotype [ ( 15.7 ±2.9) versus ( 13.6 ±4.0) mmoL/L,3.3 ±0.5 versus 2.7 ± 0.6 ; t =3.17,t =5.58,all P ＜ 0.05 ].(4) There was no significant difference in FBG,TC,TG,HDL and LDL levels in severe preeclampsia patients with different genotypes (all P ＞0.05 ).Conclusions The present study suggests that the MIF - 173G/C SNP is associated with insulin resistance in severe preeclampsia patients.The CG and CC genotypes increase the degree of insulin resistance,but it is may not associate with susceptibility among severe preeclampsia patients of Han Chinese women.

Acetyl-CoA C-Acyltransferase ; deficiency ; Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors ; diagnosis ; enzymology ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Infant ; Isoleucine ; metabolism ; Male

BACKGROUND: Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a non-inflammatory, bilaterally progressive, retinal degeneration characterized by loss of photoreceptor cells via an apoptotic mechanism, and it eventually leads to blindness.Research shows that the traditional Chinese medicines of Astragalus has great prospect on blocking the progression of RP disease.OBJECTIVE: To observe the protective effect of Astragalus on N-methylN-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced retinal damage in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and provide the optimal treatment for RP in humans.DESIGN: Randomized controlled experiment.SETTING: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical College.MATERIALS :The experiment was completed in Pharmacological Laboratory of Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University between March to December 2004. Totally 114 female SD rats were purchased from the Animal Center of Zhongshan Medical College, Sun Yat-sen University.MNU was purchased from Sigma Company of America. Astragalus injection was purchased from Chengdu Diao Jiuhong Pharmaceutical Factory (Batch No. Z99060535, 2 mL/ampoule, main ingredient: Astragalus).METHODS: Among 114rats, 30 were for morphometric analysis of retinal layers, 30 were for detection of apoptosis and 54 were for detection of NF-κB p65 activity. All of them were randomly divided into different groups and each group had 6 rats. Astragalus at doses of 2.5, 5 and 10 g/kg were injected intraperitoneally into 47-day rats once a day. Meanwhile, a single intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg MNU was given to 50-day rats in model and Astragalus groups. At different intervals after MNU treatment,the animals were sacrificed. Retinal damage was evaluated based on retinal thickness, the apoptotic index of the photoreceptor cells was detected by TUNEL labeling and the DNA-binding activity of NF-κB p65 was analyzed according to transcription factor assay kit.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Comparison of retinal thickness, apoptotic index and the activity of nuclear NF-κB p65.RESULTS: Totally 114 rats entered the result analysis. Pretreatment with Astragalus could dose-dependently suppress MNU-induced photoreceptor cell loss and decreased the apoptotic index. Astragalus at dose of 10 g/kg also time-dependently up-regulated the activity of nuclear NF-κB p65.However, protective effect of Astragalus on MNU-induced central retinal damage was not found.CONCLUSION: Astragalus partially protects against MNU-induced retinal damage by up-modulating the activity of nuclear NF-κB p65 to inhibit apoptosis of photoreceptor cells in a dose-dependent manner.

Trans-cinnamaldehyde, the main component of volatile oil from cassia twig or Cinnamomum cassia, which is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Trans-cinnamaldehyde is a kind olefine aldehyde of organic compounds and has many pharmacological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, antidiabetic, anti-obesity, and neuroprotection etc. The compound has preventive and therapeutic effects on the nervous system, cardiovascular, cancer, diabetes and other diseases. Trans-cinnamaldehyde, as a preventive care of nature medicine, has great clinical and market potential. This paper gives a review about the pharmacological effects and mechanism of trans-cinnamaldehyde researched in the latest five years. We hope to provide some basic information for further research on trans-cinnamaldehyde.
Acrolein ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Cinnamomum aromaticum ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans

Objective To explore influencing factors for complete resection and operation time of endoscopic submucosal dissection( ESD) for colorectal tumors. Methods This retrospective study included 95 consecutive colorectal tumors in 88 patients whose pathological diagnosis was adenoma and carcinoma, treated with ESD at the Department of Endoscopy of the First Hospital of Jilin University from January 2013 to December 2014. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted on the factors related to complete resection and operation time. Results Average tumor size was 28. 7±14. 1 mm(range,8?80 mm), and the average procedure time was 80. 72±63. 90 min. The rate of complete resection was 92. 6%(88/95),and the rate of incomplete resection was 7. 4%(7/95). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that fibrosis (P=0. 012,OR=52. 473, 95%CI:2. 571?1140. 438) contributed to incomplete resection. Fibrosis ( P=0. 001, OR=0. 045, 95%CI:0. 007?0. 289) ,tumor size ( P=0. 035,OR=0. 170, 95%CI:0. 033?0. 884) ,granular?type laterally spreading tumor ( P=0. 013, OR=34. 432, 95%CI:2. 138?554. 476 ) , non?granular?type laterally spreading tumor(P=0. 044,OR=31. 715, 95%CI:1. 093?919. 904) were independent factors for extending operation time of colorectal ESD. Conclusion The severer fibrosis can induce higher rate of incomplete resection. The more severe fibrosis is, the larger tumor size is, and the longer operation time is.

98 %).Conclusions Saponins are the major active ingredients in Radix Polygalae.Tenuifolin as an alkaline hydrolysis product of total saponins can be used as a chemical reference substance for the quality control of Radix Polygalae.

Objective To investigate the variance levels of plasma soluble leukocyte differentiation antigens CD40 (sCD40) and soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) in preeclamptic patients with renal damage and its relationship. Methods A total of 63 pregnant women attended the Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College between August 2008 and June 2010. In the present study included 28 pregnant women with mild preeclampsia and 35 patients with severe preeclampsia. Thirty matched normotensive pregnant women were enrolled in the study as the control group. Expression of sCD40 and sCD40L were determined by ELISA. At the same time, the blood routine, C reaction protein ( CRP),urine routine, 24 hours urine protein excretion, and serum uric acid (UA), creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured. The correlation analysis was performed between the sCD40/sCD40L and the blood biochemical indexes in 3 groups. Results ( 1 ) The median levels of CRP in severe preeclampsia (10. 8 mg/L)and mild preeclampsia group(7. I mg/L)are significantly higher than that of control group (3. 3 mg/L,P ＜ 0. 05 ); The level of CRP in severe preeclampsia group was also higher than that of mild preeclampsia group ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). The median gestational age at delivery in severe preeclampsia ( 32. 5 weeks)was significantly less than that of mild preeclampsia group ( 37. 2 weeks) and normal group ( 38. 6 weeks,P ＜ 0. 05). However no significant differences were observed between mild preeclampsia group and normal group ( P ＞0. 05 ). The platelet count in severe preeclampsia ( 132 × 109/L) was significantly less than those of mild preeclampsia group (212 × 109/L) and normal group ( 216 × 109/L, P ＜ 0. 01 ), but no significant differences were observed in blood platelet amount between mild preeclampsia group and normal group ( P ＞0. 05 ). There was no significant difference in hemoglobin level and white blood cell in three groups ( P ＞0. 05). (2) The sCD40 plasma concentration in severe, mild preeclampsia and normal group was 133.6,126. 5 and 90. 7 ng/L, respectively. The sCD40 L plasma concentrations were 12. 5, 10. 4 and 4. 4 ng/L respectively in the 3 groups. 24 hours urinary protein quantitative was 4. 5 g/d,0. 8 g/d and 0 in the 3 groups respectively. And the UA level was 486 μ mol/L,289 μmol/L and 162 μmol/L. In the above three groups,the monitoring indicators were significantly higher in women with severe preeclampsia group compared with mild preeclampsia and control groups (P ＜ 0. 01 ), and there were also higher in mild preeclampsia group than that in control groups ( P ＜ 0. 01 ). The level of plasma Cr ( 89 μmol/L) and BUN ( 5. 32 mmol/L) in severe preeclampsia group were higher than those of mild preeclampsia group (66 μmol/L and 4. 49mmol/L) and control group ( 57 μmol/L and 3.32 mmol/L, P ＜ 0. 05 ). There was no significant difference between mild preeclampsia group and normal group (P ＞ 0. 05 ). (3) The correlation analysis indicated that the level of sCD40 has a positive correlation with 24 hours urinary protein quantitative( r = 0. 434, P ＜ 0. 05 ),also significant positive correlation( r =0. 536,0. 528 ,P ＜ 0. 01 ) between the level of sCD40 and UA or CRP in women with preeclampsia. There was no significant correlation between the level of sCD40 and systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, delivery gestational age, Cr, BUN, and platelet count(r =0. 135,0. 183, -0. 133,0. 190,0. 167, -0. 221 ,all P ＞0. 05 ). There were positive correlation between the level of sCD40L and 24 hours urine protein excretion, either UA or CRP( r =0. 591,0. 445,0. 539 ,all P ＜0. 01 ). No significant correlation was found between sCD40 L and systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure,delivery gestational age, Cr, BUN, and platelet count( r =0. 178,0. 212, -0. 292,0. 144,0. 135, -0. 273,all P ＞0. 05). There was significant positive correlation between plasma sCD40 and sCD40L ( r =0. 707 ,P ＜0. 01 ). There was no relationship between the level of sCD40, sCD40L and the blood biochemical indexes in normotensive pregnant women ( P ＞ 0. 05 ). Conclusions The plasma concentrations of sCD40 and sCD40 L are significantly higher in pregnant women with preeclampsia compared with the control, which may be involved in the development of preeclampsia and contribute to the kidney damage. The variance levels of sCD40 and sCD40L may be also related to the severity of preeclampsia.

Objective To investigate the expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and CD_(74), the receptor of MIF, in preeclamptic placenta and its correlation with the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.Methods From March 2008 to November 2008,69 preeclamptic women who delivered in the Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College,were recruited,including 33 women with mild preeclampsia (MPE group) and 36 women with severe preeclampsia (SPE group).Another 43 healthy pregnant women were taken as control group.Immunoturbidimetry was applied to measure the concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) in maternal blood.The expressions of MIF and CD_(74) in placenta were tested with immunohistochemistry and the expressions of MIF mRNA and CD_(74) mRNA were detected by semiquantitative RT-PCR.The relationship between maternal blood level of CRP and MIF mRNA and CD_(74) mRNA in placenta was analyzed in the MPE and SPE group.Results (1) MIF and CD_(74) were expressed in the placenta of all pregnant women in the 3 groups, as shown in brown-yellow color, and significantly higher expression was found in the MPE and SPE group.(2) The expression of MIF mRNA and CD_(74) mRNA in the MPE group (0.70±0.13 and 0.96±0.16), SPE group (0.88 ± 0.12 and 1.08 ± 0.15) were significantly higher than in the control group (0.67 ± 0.11 and 0.83 ± 0.14) (P < 0.01), and statistical significance was also found between the MPE and SPE group (P <0.01).(3)The maternal blood concentrations of CRP in the MPE and SPE group were significantly higher than in the control group [(15.3±7.0) mg/L and (21.6±9.1)mg/L vs (4.8 ± 1.8) mg/L, P <0.01] , and significant difference was also found between the MPE and SPE group (P <0.01).(4) In the two preeclamptic groups, the blood concentrations of CRP were positively correlated with the expression of both MIF mRNA(r =0.67 ,P <0.01)and CD_(74) mRNA(r =0.83 ,P <0.01) in placenta.Positive correlation was also found between the levels of MIF mRNA and CD_(74) mRNA in placenta (r =0.93 ,P < 0.01).Conclusions Overexpression of MIF and CD_(74) in the placenta may up-regulate the CRP level in maternal blood, resulting in systemic inflammatory reaction and vascular endothelium damage which may be involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.