OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii infection in the elderly patients in our hospital. METHODS One hundred and eighty-four strains of A. baumannii isolated from elderly patients with infection from Jun 2001 to Apr 2005 were collected and antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed. RESULTS All strains of A. baumannii were from sputum, urine, pus, etc; the resistance of the strains to the third generation cephalosporin, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin was all more than 50.0% ; the resistance rate to imipenem was the lowest(2.2%), followed by amikacin (37.5%)and ampicillin/ sulbactam (39.7%), and the resistant rate to ampicillin was the highest( 83.2% ). CONCLUSIONS The antimicrobial resistance of A. baumannii in the elderly patients is high, the antibiotic treatment must depend on antimicrobial susceptibility test.

Fibrinolytic Agents ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Thrombocytopenia ; chemically induced

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of aqueous extract of Taxus chinensis var. mairei (AETC) combined Erlotnib on the growth of A549 xenograft in nude mice and its mechanism.

METHODSThe xenograft model in nude mice was established by inoculating A549 cells subcutaneously. BALB/c nude mice bearing A549 xenograft were randomly divided into six groups, i.e., the low dose Erlotinib group (A) , the standard dose Erlotnib group (B) , the low dose Erlotinib combined AETC group (C), the standard dose Erlotnib combined AETC group (D), the AETC group (E), the control group (F), 12 in each group. Different medication was performed for 7 successive weeks after 24 h. One mL blood was withdrawn and tumor tissues taken. The tumor inhibition rate was calculated. The combined effect was analyzed by Jin's Formula [Q = Ea + b/(Ea + Eb-Ea x Eb) ]. mRNA and protein expression levels of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) in xenografts were detected using real-time RT-PCR and ELISA.

RESULTSCompared with Group F, the xenograft weight was obviously lowered in Group B-E (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The q value was 0.92 in Group C and 0.96 in Group D, which was obtained by simple adding of the two drugs. Compared with Group F, EG- FR mRNA expression in Group D and E, COX-2 mRNA expression in Group A-E; Bcl-2 mRNA expression in Group B-D; COX-2 protein expression in Group B-E; Bcl-2 protein expression in Group C and D were obviously lowered with statistical difference (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSAETC combined low dose and standard dose Erlotinib had synergistic effect on tumor inhibition. Its mechanism might be associated with down-regulating mRNA and protein expression levels of COX-2 and Bcl-2.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Erlotinib Hydrochloride ; pharmacology ; Heterografts ; Lung Neoplasms ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; metabolism ; Taxus ; Transplantation, Heterologous

Objective: To determine the optimal manipulation parameters in Liu's back tuina therapy for remission-stage cough variant asthma (CVA) in kids. Methods: A 5-factor 3-level L18(37) orthogonal design was adopted. The experimental factors and levels were selected: A, the number of times of Rou-kneading Feishu (BL 13); B, the frequency of Rou-kneading Feishu (BL 13); C, the number of times of Tui-pushing in a '介'-like pattern; D, the frequency of Tui-pushing in a '介'-like pattern; E, the intensity of red color after Ca-scrubbing Feishu (BL 13) with salt. A1, A2 and A3 stood for 10 times, 20 times and 30 times, respectively; B1, B2 and B3 stood for 200 times/min, 240 times/min and 280 times/min, respectively; C1, C2 and C3 stood for 50 times, 75 times and 100 times, respectively; D1, D2 and D3 stood for 150 times/min, 175 times/min and 200 times/min, respectively; E1, E2 and E3 stood for pinkish, bright red and dark red, respectively. A total of 108 kids with CVA in remission stage were divided into 18 groups using the random number table method, with 6 cases in each group. Changes in the cough score and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) level were observed after 15-day treatment. Results: The cough score and FENO level changed significantly in every group after treatment (all P<0.01). By the effect in improving cough score, the factors were listed as D, B, A, C and E in descending order; the most optimal manipulation parameter combination was group 17 (A3B2C1D3E1); the second optimal parameter combinations were group 7 (A3B1C2D1E3), group 13 (A2B1C2D3E1) and group 14 (A2B2C3D1E2). Regarding the effect in down-regulating the level of FENO, the factors were listed as C, A, E, B and D in descending order; the most optimal manipulation parameter combination was group 13 (A2B1C2D3E1); the second optimal parameter combinations were group 18 (A3B3C2D1E2), group 16 (A3B1C3D2E3) and group 14 (A2B2C3D1E2).Conclusion: Two most effective manipulation parameter combinations were selected out of 18 different parameter combinations in Liu's back tuina therapy for remission-stage CVA in kids. Doctors can choose an appropriate manipulation based on the symptom features of the disease.

Objective To investigate the effects of PM2.5 on tear film function and corneal epithelial structure in mice.Methods Totally 24 male BALB/c mice (24 eyes) were divided into two groups:group A (with PBS eye drops,n =12),group B (5 mg · mL-1 PM2.5 eye drop group,n =12).PBS and PM2.5 eye drop were given with four times per day for 7 consecutive days in right eye.Tear secretion level was measured with phenol red thread.Break-up time (BUT) of tear film was tested,and corneal fluorescein staining (FL) was scored before therapy and 1 day,4 days and 7 days after droppings and HE staining was performed 7 days after droppings,respectively.Results There was no significant difference in the tear secretion levels,BUT,FL between the groups A and B before treatment (all P ＞ 0.05).At 4 days,7 days after treatment with PM2.5,the mean differences of the group B showed all items significantly changed compared with those before treatment (all P ＜ 0.05).For the group A,there was no statistical change in tear secretion levels,BUT,FL at 7 days after treatment (all P ＞ 0.05).There were statistical differences in all items between group A and B at each time point (all P ＜ 0.05).At 7 days after therapy,the mean layers of corneal epithelial cells in the group A (4 ± 1) was significantly lower than that in the group B (7 ±l) (P ＜0.05).The group B showed that the whole corneal fluorescein staining obviously increased,and corneal epithelial cell layer was thickened.Conclusion PM2.5 can influence tears film function and damage the corneal epithelial structure in mice.

TCM believes that physical tendons and bone are interdependent, keeping dynamic balance, and they influence each other pathologically. Physical tendons and bone balance is human spine physiological state. Physical tendons and bone imbalance is the important pathogenesis of spine and related diseases. The core of physical tendons and bone balance-regulating theory is the physique homology and syndrome differentiation and treatment. This article expounded from the above aspects in details.

A new experiment curriculum system of environmental microbiology was established centering on applied microbiology in environmental protection field and emphasizing on design and research experi- ments to motivate the students’ interests for the course, which helped them to improve their ability of think- ing independently and creatively as well as their practicing ability.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the protective effect of purple sweet potato flavonoids (PSPF) on CCl4-induced acute liver injury in mice.

METHODSSixty mice were randomly divided into six groups (n=10 in each): blank group, model group, PSPF groups (400 mg*kg(-1), 200 mg*kg-1 and 100 mg*kg(-1)) and positive control group (DDB 150 mg*kg(-1)). Acute liver injury was induced by administration of peanut oil with 0.1% CCl4 (10 mg*kg(-1)) in mice. The viscera index, serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) in hepatic tissues were also measured. The pathological changes of liver were observed with microscopy.

RESULTSPSPF significantly decreased serum ALT, AST and LDH levels (P<0.05 or P<0.01) and MDA content in hepatic tissues (P<0.01), increased the activities of SOD (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONPurple sweet potato total flavonoids can prevent CCl4-induced acute liver injury in mice, which may be related to inhibition of lipid peroxidation and reduction of oxygen free radicals.

Animals ; Carbon Tetrachloride ; toxicity ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; etiology ; metabolism ; prevention & control ; Disease Models, Animal ; Flavonoids ; pharmacology ; Ipomoea batatas ; chemistry ; Lipid Peroxidation ; drug effects ; Liver ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

ObjectiveTo investigate the role of lymphocyte apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) on the development of sepsis and their association with the prognosis of sepsis patients.Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted. Seventy septic patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) of Shanghai East Hospital of Tongji University were enrolled. Blood samples were collected on days 1, 3 and 7 to measure percentage of circulating apoptotic lymphocyte with flow cytometry analysis. The relative expressions of endoplasmic reticulum specific glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) mRNA and transcription factor CHOP mRNA were measured by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The correlation between CHOP mRNA expression and percentage of circulating apoptotic lymphocyte was analyzed by Spearman relative analysis. The patients were divided into death (n = 23) and survival subgroups (n = 47). Twenty healthy volunteers during the same period were selected as the healthy control group.Results① Rate of lymphocyte apoptosis: compared with healthy control group [(2.86±0.66)%], septic patients, either survival or death subgroup, exhibited higher rate of lymphocyte apoptosis on days 1, 3 and 7 [survival subgroup: (12.44±4.43)%, (8.57±3.38)%, (6.78±3.35)%; death subgroup: (14.42±2.01)%, (11.32±2.53)%, (8.87±3.62)%, allP< 0.01], and it was obvious on day 1, and the phenomenon became less marked gradually. The rate of circulating apoptotic lymphocytes did not differ between the death and survival subgroups on day 1, but there was a significant difference in the rate on day 3 and day 7 (bothP< 0.05).② The expression of CHOP mRNA (2-ΔΔCt):compared with that in healthy controls [(2.56±1.09)×10-3], CHOP mRNA expression was increased on days 1, 3 and 7 in septic patients [survival subgroup: (5.83±1.96)×10-3, (4.24±1.60)×10-3, (4.15±1.64)×10-3, death subgroup:(37.20±20.70)×10-3, (18.80±13.90)×10-3, (9.28±7.78)×10-3, allP< 0.01], and it was more obvious in the death subgroup, as it was increased by 6.38, 4.43, and 2.24 folds (P values was 0.000, 0.000, and 0.001), but it decreased rapidly in death subgroup.③ The expression of GRP78 mRNA (2-ΔΔCt): compared with healthy controls [(3.31±2.04 )×10-3], the expression of GRP78 mRNA in both survival and death subgroups increased in septic patients on day 1 [(5.83±2.00)×10-3, (11.30±6.48)×10-3, bothP< 0.01], and they decreased subsequently. The expression of GRP78 mRNA in the survival subgroup declined to the levels of the healthy control group on day 3 and day 7 [3 days: (3.99±1.60)×10-3, 7 days: (3.30±1.35)×10-3, bothP> 0.05], and GRP78 mRNA expression in the death subgroup was gradually lowered, but it was still higher than that in the healthy control group [3 days: (7.27± 3.64)×10-3, 7 days: (5.23±1.94)×10-3, bothP< 0.01].④ Spearman relative analysis showed that the expression of CHOP mRNA was positively correlated with the rate of lymphocyte apoptosis (r = 0.414,P = 0.000 ).Conclusion The increase in the rate of lymphocyte apoptosis and activation of ERS play an important role in the development of sepsis, and it is associated with worse outcome in the septic patients.

Using objective structuned clinical exammation ,OSCE to access a new resident standardized training , analyze the result and perform stratifying management and teaching based on the result , which may improve the effi-ciency and effectiveness of resident standardized training .