Objective To summarize the management and diagnosis of testicular tumors in children.Methods The clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and outcome of patients with pediatric testicular tumors, who were referred to Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from January 2003 to December 2013 ,were analyzed retrospectively.Results All of the 76 prepubertal patients were diagnosed initially with a painless scrotal mass.The mean age of the patients at diagnosis ranged from 1 to 156 months[mean(32.3 ±4.4) months].There were 39 cases(51.3％) with ages of0-1 years,18 cases (23.7％) with ages of 1-3 years,10 cases (13.2％) with ages of ＞ 3-7 years,9 cases(11.8％) with ages of ＞ 7-14 years.There were 37 cases in left side and 39 cases in right.And there were 59 cases (77.6％)of benign tumors and 17 cases(22.4％)of malignant tumors.Of the benign tumors,42 cases(55.2％)were teratomas, including 34 cases of mature teratoma and 8 cases of immature teratoma;11 cases were epidermoid cyst;11 cases were other benign tumors as lymphangioma.Among the 17 cases of malignant tumors, 16 cases (21.1％) were yolk sac tumors, which were I stage;1 case was embryoma.Thirty-three patients had abnormal alpha fetoprotein (AFP)concentrations before surgery,including 9 patients with mature teratoma,7 patients with immature teratoma, 16 patients with yolk sac tumors, 1 patient with embryonal carcinoma of testis.Of the 59 cases of benign tumors,testis-sparing surgery was done in 50 tumors, the other 9 patients underwent testis-excising because of tumor severely oppressing testis.All the 17 cases of malignant tumors underwent testis-excising.There were 76 cases in the follow-up.One patient with yolk sac tumor died for pulmonary metastasis during the follow-up.Others were alive and free of tumor recurrence.Conclusions The age range of the prepubertal testicular onset was 1 year or younger, most of the tumors were benign, and the most common subtype was teratoma.AFP highly expressed in yolk sac tumors, it was help to diagnosis.Testis-sparing surgery should be performed for the benign tumors and testis-excising for the malignant tumors.

Objective: To study effects of tertiary rehabilitation training on upper limb motor function recovery in patients with cerebral hemorrhage.Methods: A total of 120 patients with cerebral hemorrhage, who were treated in our hospital from May 2013 to May 2015, were selected.According to random number table, they were randomly and equally divided into routine rehabilitation group and tertiary rehabilitation group, and both groups received the same routine medical treatment and nursing.Simple test for evaluating hand function scale (STEF), Fugal-Meyer motor assessment (FMA) and Brunnstrom limb motor function assessment were used to assess and compare limb recovery after rehabilitation training between two groups.Results: At the end of first month of rehabilitation training, there were no significant difference in STEF and FMA scores between two groups, P>0.05 both.On the end of second month of rehabilitation training and later, compared with routine rehabilitation group, there were significant rise in STEF score[end of second month: (3.3±0.5) scores vs.(4.2±1.1) scores, end of sixth month: (6.3±1.2) scores vs.(8.5±1.1) scores], total STEF score[(20.2±4.2) scores vs.(38.2±3.5) scores]and FMA score[end of second month: (28.4±3.6) scores vs.(33.4±2.7) scores, end of sixth month: (38.2±6.6) scores vs.(46.3±5.8) scores]in tertiary rehabilitation group, P<0.05 all.Compared with routine rehabilitation group after six-month rehabilitation training, there were significant rise in percentages of Brunnstrom stage V (23.33% vs.43.33%) and stage VI (6.67% vs.20.00%) in tertiary rehabilitation group(P<0.05 both).Conclusion: Tertiary rehabilitation training can significantly improve upper limb motor function in patients with cerebral hemorrhage, so it's worth extending.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the improvement effects of sitagliptin on islet B-cell function in type 2 diabetic patients systematically,and to provide evidenced-based reference. METHODS:Retrieved from PubMed,Cochrane library,EMBase, CJFD,Wanfang database,VIP and CBM,RCTs about sitagliptin alone or combined with routine plan(trial group)vs. placbo alone or combined with routine plan(control group)in the treatment of type 2 diabetes were collected. Two reviewers independent-ly screened studies according to exclusion and inclusion criteria,extracted data,and assessed the methodological quality according to Cochrane Manual 5.1.0. Meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.3 software. RESULTS:A total of 5 RCTs were includ-ed,involving 1253 patients. The result of Meta-analysis showed that changes of islet B cell function index(Homa-B)[sitagliptin alone group:MD=9.21,95%CI(4.16,14.25),P<0.001;drug combination group:MD=7.24,95%CI(0.80,13.68),P=0.03] and changes of insulin resistance index(Homa-IR)[sitagliptin alone group:MD=-0.40,95%CI(-0.44,-0.36),P<0.001;drug combination group:MD=-0.35,95%CI(-0.63,-0.07),P=0.02] of trial group were significantly better than those of control group,with statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS:Sitagliptin shows certain therapeutic efficacy in improving islet B cell func-tion and insulin resistance.

Using hybridoma technique,17 hybridoma cell lines against astrocyte were ob-tained.The screening test of McAb showed:(1)Using immune enzymatic histochemistryfixed cell staining method all of 17 McAb reacted with astrocyte,(2) Using immuneenzymatic histochemistry viable cell staining method,eight of seventeen McAb react-ed with astrocyte.As to biological properties of McAb results were as follows:(1)Seven of eight McAb that showed positive reaction in viable staining assay have di-fferent degree of cytotoxicity to astrocyte,thymocyte and spleen cell in presence ofcomplement,one of eight has specific cytotoxicity only to astrocyte.(2) McAb(2C)possesses blocking effect on astrocyte,thymocyte and spleen cell proliferation respon-sive to various kind of mitogen.Furthmore,it has been found LPS may promote theproliferation of astrocytes and secreting interleukin 1(IL-1)-like substance This IL-1like substance seems to have a mutiple biological activities,i.e:(1)Thymocyte prolife-ration.(2) Fibroblast(L929 cell) proliferation and(3) Endogenous pyrogen activities.

Objective To approach the mechanism of foot reflective therapeutics to sub-health state. Methods 35 patients with sub-health state were treated with foot reflective therapeutics, to press the foot reflective section by using many manipulations (such as press, rotation, push, etc) or apparatuses, once every other day, ten times constituting one therapeutic course. Results In 35 patients, 27 (77.1%) had excellent results, 7 good and one fair, the good rate was 97.1%. Conclusions Foot reflective therapeutics can regulate functions of viscera and dredge meridians on the basis of its convenient and effective characters.

Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) is an important indicator for cardiac function. This paper reviewed the VO2max and related index applied in the physical training.

Abstract On October 13 2023, the Beijing Economic and Technological Development Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention recAAAAAeived a report from a school indicating an outbreak of fever among students in Class 2, Grade 4. An on-site epidemiological investigation was immediately conducted. A total of 14 cases were reported, all of whom were students, with an attack rate of 34.15%. The onset of illness was concentrated between October 6 and 15, with the main clinical symptoms being fever, cough and fatigue. There were no cases of hospitalization, severe illness or death. Seven cases tested positive for Mycoplasma pneumoniae P1-Ⅱ. Based on the on-site investigation and laboratory test results, it was an outbreak of influenza-like illness caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. The likely cause of the spread was cases infecting other classmates through respiratory droplets while attending class. The outbreak occurred only in one class and did not spread to neighboring classes. Schools should actively carry out health education to raise awareness among parents for reporting infectious diseases, and strengthen morning and afternoon screenings to improve the sensitivity of identification.

[Objective]To investigate the differentiation of acute from chronic osteoporotic vertebral fractures.[Method]The clinical presentation,X-ray,CT and MRI of patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures were evaluated in the study.[Result]In 36 cases,64% were identified as acute and 36% with chronic osteoporotic vertebral fractures.The decreased anterior vertebral height was a most important criterium for the diagnosis of osteoporotic vertebral fractures.Degenerative changes on the X-ray film were usually found in chronic fractures.A high intense signal in a specific T2 under eliminating fat tissue was always observed in acute fracture.[Conclusion]The local back pain located at the level of the fractured vertebral body suggests an acute vertebral fracture.Degenerative changes occurred in the edged vertebra is indicative of a chronic fracture.The finding of a specific T2 high intense signal under eliminating fat tissue on MRI is a gold standard for the diagnosis of an acute vertebral fracture.

Objective To investigate the correlation of CYP2D6 gene polymorphism and serum tamoxifen (TAM) and its active metabolites (4-hydroxy tamoxifen,4-OH-TAM) in terms of prognosis of breast cancer patients.Methods The oral mucosas and serum were obtained from 200 breast cancer patients receiving oral TAM from Jan 2008 to Oct 2010.Real-time RT-PCR was used to determine CYP2D6* 10 gene polymorphism.The relationship between CYP2D6* 10 gene polymorphism and clinicopathological features and prognosis was assessed by Chi-square test and Cox proportional model.Serum TAM and 4-OH-TAM concentration were determined by liquid chromatography-trap mass spectrometry (LC-MS).Results Of 200 breast cancer patients,CYP2D6 * 10/* 10 homozygotes were found in 94 cases (47％),CYP2D6 wt/wt wild type in 48 cases (24％) and CYP2D6 wt/* 10 heterozygote in 58 cases (29％).The concentration of serum 4-OH-TAM in patients with CYP2D6 wt/wt wild type and wt/* 10 heterozygote was significantly higher than that in patients with CYP2D6 * 10/ * 10 homozygote (F =4.31,P =0.01).CYP2D6 gene polymorphism was not related to clinicopathological features (P ＞ 0.05).Logrank test showed that patient's disease-free survival with mutational CYP2D6 (mean,47.2 months) was significantly shorter than that in patients without mutational CYP2D6 (mean,51.2 months) (P =0.018).Cox proportional model showed that CYP2D6 genotype was related to disease-free survival (HR =2.755,95％CI:1.230 ～6.173,P =0.014).Conclusions CYP2D6 *10/* 10 genotype is related to curative effect of TAM on breast cancer patients,detection of CYP2D6 * 10/* 10 genotype helps improve the choice of TAM therapy.

Objective To explore the electrode fixing method in children long-term electroencephalography and to improve the traditional method by combining with the pediatric characteristics and by means of clinical practice .Methods The pediatric subjects were given the appropriate preinstallation preparation ,then the double-layer elastic bandage combined with adhesive tape fixing method was adopted to fix the electrodes .Results The new method was generally accepted by children subjects ,the electrodes were easily to be installed and demounted without toxicity and residue ,the record diagram was better in quality .Conclusion Compared with the traditional method ,the improved electrode fixing method has the advantages of simplicity ,rapidness ,safety ,stability and humanization ,and is worth popularizing .