The Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) oncopro tein causes multiple cellular changes, including activation of the NF-κB trans cription factor. To elucidate its possible mechanism, the interaction between LM P1 and the tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor (TRAF) molecules was detected by the immunoprecipitation-Western blotting assay. Results showed tha t LMP1 was co-precipitated with TRAF1,2,3 in the LMP1-HNE2 cell line. In the m eantime, κB reporter gene analysis revealed that over expression of TRAF1 or TR AF2 augmented LMP1-mediated NF-κB activation from LMP1, suprisingly, overexpr ession of either TRAF3 or an dominant negative TRAF3 inhibited the NF-κB activ ation, indicating that TRAF1 or TRAF2 is a positive modulator of LMP1-mediated NF-κB activation, whereas,TRAF3 is a negative modulator. Rather both CTAR1 (carboxy-terminal activating region 1) and CTAR2 domains of LMP1 can independently activate NF-κB by interacting with TRAF proteins. These data indicate that LMP1 interacts TRAF1,2,3 which are important for LMP1-mediated N F-κB activation, and further suggest that signaling from TRAFs may be involved in the progression to malignancy in cells of epithelial origin such as nasophar yngeal carcinoma (NPC).

Agmatine ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Analgesia ; methods ; Animals ; Injections, Spinal ; Male ; Morphine ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spinal Cord ; drug effects

The present is aimed at identifying the activation of TRAFs in n asopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in vitro. The differential expression of TRAF2\,TRAF3 was not detected in RN A and protein level, whereas the expression of TRAF1 in HNE2-LMP1 cell lines wa s much more abundant than that in HNE2 cell lines, suggesting that TRAF1 may be an inducible molecule; More importantly, TRAF1, TRAF2 or TRAF3 were activated in the HNE2-LMP1 cells, whereas TRAF1, TRAF2 or TRAF3 were not activated in HNE2 cells as detected by the immunoprecipitation-Western blotting assay. These data provide an experimental basis for our study beginning from the signal transduca tion pathway for the eluccidation of the mechanism of LMP1 carcinogenesis in NP C.

Objective To explore the association between psychiatric disorders and socioeconomic status such as education,income,employment and area of community settings in Zhejiang province.Methods Data were from the epidemiological survey of mental illnesses aged 15 and older in 2001(n=14 632).Psychiatric disorders were measured by GHQ-12 with a cut-point 4.Logistic multilevel analysis was the main statistical method being used.Results The overall prevalence of psychiatric disorders was 18.5%(95% confidence intervals,17.9% to 19.1%),higher than the data from Hebei province(u=4.39,P＜0.001).Annual household income and employment were strongly associated with psychiatric disorders especially for those with low income(odds ratio 3.45,95%CI:1.72-6.67)and unemployment(odds ratio 2.03,95%CI:1.73-2.40).Factors as regional effect and education level showed weak or inconsistent association with psychiatric disorders after controlling on other indicators.Conclusion Inverse gradient relation between psychiatric disorders and SES seemed as the main result of low SES individual characteristics and some minor effects at the county level.

Objective: To explore the differences among contents of quercetin and kaempferol in four kinds of Semen Cuscutae in Shandong province. Methods : Quercetin and kaempferol are determined by HPLC. Results : The contents of both quercetin and kaempferol are lower in four kinds of Semen Cuscutae. The former is within 0.0002% to 0.0502% and the latter varies from 0.0002% to 0.0205%, respectively. In seeds of Cuscuta chinensis Lam., C. japonica Choisy and C.lupuliformis Krocker, quercetin contents are much higher than kaempferol contents. while in seed of C. australis R.Br., by contrast, its quercetin content is lower than kaempferol. The contents of quercetin and kaempferol have close relation with both the variety and the hostplant. Conclusion : HPLC can be used for the quality evaluation of Semen Cuscutae.

Objective Using shotgun mass spectrometry to detect proteins probably contained in bone marrow stromal cells(BMSCs) conditioned medium. MethodsMixed with BMSCs conditioned medium was divided into two parts which is(>5kD and <5kD) by means of ultrafiltration. The two parts were used to culture neural stem cells(NSCs) separately, and the proportions of neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in the offsprings of NSCs were calculated, then the effective part that could regulate the differentiation of NSCs was detected by Shotgun mass spectrometry. Results The BMSCs conditioned medium which is >5kD could promote the NSCs differentiate into more neurons and oligodendrocytes. The SDS-PAGE of this part showed that the most proteins were above 14kD, then the protein bands were enzymed. In total, 456 proteins were identified by Shotgun mass spectrometry after all the protein bands were enzymed, there were 154 similar proteins, 17 hypothetical proteins and 56 unknown proteins. And in the rest of 229 proteins, most of them were cytoskeletal proteins, secreted proteins, signal transduction proteins, enzymes, transporter and so on. Conclusion Many proteins secreted by BMSCs could regulate the differentiation of NSCs so as to prove the protein components probably existed in the BMSCs conditioned medium.

Adult ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; Dimethylformamide ; adverse effects ; Formamides ; analysis ; Humans ; Kidney ; physiopathology ; Kidney Diseases ; chemically induced ; physiopathology ; urine ; Kidney Function Tests ; Liver ; physiopathology ; Liver Diseases ; physiopathology ; urine ; Liver Function Tests ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure

Objective To explore the effect of uhrasound-phoresis of Chinese herb in the treatment of frac- ture healing on rats.Methods The animal model of femur fracture was established in 36 rats,who were divided in- to 4 groups after operation.The rats in the ultrasound group were given ultrasound treatment daily.The herbal group was given Chinese herb applied on the fracture site.The experimental group was given uhrasound-phoresis of Chinese herb on the site of fracture.The control group was housed without any treatment.All rats were sacrificed at 30 days and the bony callus were harvested and observed with histological anti immunohistoehemical examination.Results The histological examination showed that the appearance of cartilaginous and bony callus in the experimental group were earlier than those in other groups,Immunohistochemical examination showed that the expression of collagenⅠin the experimental group was significantly higher than that in ultrasound group and herbal group(P

Objective To explore the factors influencing the premarital medical examination in Chinese population and to discuss the related possible intervention strategies.Methods Data were collected through self-designed questionnaires on 2572 newly married respondents,selected under a stratified randomized sampling method,at Marriage Registration Office in 12 counties in Zhejiang province.Predictive factors were derived from the integrating complementary constructs of Health Belief Model,Theory of Reasoned Action as well as individual demographic characteristics.Multiple logistic multilevel analyses was used as the main statistical method,with individuals as the ' low' and counties as the 'high' levels.Results Behaviors on premarital medical examination showed a clustering trait at the county level (P=0.018) and variance partition coefficients (VPC) of each variables was between 15.40％ and 17.58％.There were no statistical significances found in the rates of premarital medical examination among gender,age,residence of Household Registration,education,income,health insurance and history of premarital medical examination.However,significant correlation was seen on occupation of the respondents.The rate of premarital medical examination among the respondents who had not attended medical examination during the last six moths was 1.31times (95％ confidence intervals,1.05 -1.65 ) more than those who had,with OR (odds ratio) as 1.51 (95％CI:1.14-2.00) for the pregnant respondents in their first marriage and 0.35 (95％CI:0.23-0.51 )for remarried respondents,compared with women at first marriage but remained unpregnant.Regarding premarital medical examination,the respondents reported greater benefits,less barriers,greater positive behavioral attitudes and normative beliefs to it,with an ORs as 2.32 (95％ CI:1.18-4.60),0.71 (95％CI:0.57-0.90),1.69 (95％CI:1.10-2.58) and 1.72 (95％CI:1.34-2.20)respectively,but with no significant association with perceived susceptibility,perceived severity and motivation to comply.Conclusion Factors such as individual perceived benefits,barriers,attitudes and normative beliefs etc.,were determinants of premarital medical examination accompanied by minor (16％) influence coming from the geographical environment.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of localizing the internal auditory canal (IAC) and the facial nerve through the root of the zygoma、foramen spinosum and the head of the malleus in middle fossa approach with the assistance of high resolution computerized tomography (HRCT).Methods Eighteen human cadaveric temporal bones were scanned and measured by HRCT.Cadaver specimen were divided into two groups.Group A was studied first through a middle fossa approach to find out the relationship between the HRCT measurements and the anatomic measurements.Then 4 whole human cadaveric heads (8 temporal bones) of group B were dissected using a HRCT oriented middle fossa approach to localize IAC with the root of the zygoma,foramen spinosum and the head of the malleus as landmarks.The two measurement methods were analysed with the Paired-Sample T test,and the difference was thought to be statistical significant when P＜0.05.Results In Group A, there were no statistical significant differences between the CT measurements and the anatomic measurements from the head of the malleus to other important anatomic structures.In group B,the operation was guided with CT measurements:the distance between the head of the malleus and the root of the zygoma,and the distance between the head of the malleus and foramen spinosum.Within the range 1.5mm to 3.7mm,the head of malleus was correctly localized.In seven out of the eight cases,the root of the zygoma,the head of the malleus and the internal auditory canal were in a straight line,whereas,in one case,there was an angle of 15°between the root of zygoma-head of malleus line and head of malleus-internal auditory canal line.Conclusions HRCT would provide more information on the distance relationship between the head of malleus and the root of the zygoma,foramen spinosum and the internal auditory canal.The head of the malleus could be localized through the root of the zygoma and foramen spinosum with HRCT and therefore the IAC could be exposed with the head of the malleus as a landmark in middle fossa approach when other landmarks were not recognizable.