The fruit of Lycium ruthenicum is a common folk medicine in China. Now it is popular for its antioxidative effect and other medical functions. The adulterants of the herb confuse consumers. In order to identify a new adulterant of L. ruthenicum, a research was performed based on NCBI Nucleotide Database ITS Sequence, combined analysis of the origin and morphology of the adulterant to traceable varieties. Total genomic DNA was isolated from the materials, and nuclear DNA ITS sequences were amplified and sequenced; DNA fragments were collated and matched by using ContingExpress. Similarity identification of BLAST analysis was performed. Besides, the distribution of plant origin and morphology were considered to further identification and verification. Families and genera were identified by molecular identification method. The adulterant was identified as plant belonging to Berberis. Origin analysis narrowed the range of sample identification. Seven different kinds of plants in Berberis were potential sources of the sample. Adulterants variety was traced by morphological analysis. The united molecular identification-origin-morphology research proves to be a preceding way to medical herbs traceability with time-saving and economic advantages and the results showed the new adulterant of L. ruthenicum was B. kaschgarica. The main differences between B. kaschgarica and L. ruthenicum are as follows: in terms of the traits, the surface of B. kaschgarica is smooth and crispy, and that of L. ruthenicum is shrinkage, solid and hard. In microscopic characteristics, epicarp cells of B. aschgarica thickening like a string of beads, stone cells as the rectangle, and the stone cell walls of L. ruthenicum is wavy, obvious grain layer. In molecular sequences, the length of ITS sequence of B. kaschgarica is 606 bp, L. ruthenicum is 654 bp, the similarity of the two sequences is 53.32%.
Berberis ; classification ; cytology ; genetics ; China ; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ; methods ; DNA, Plant ; chemistry ; genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ; chemistry ; genetics ; Drug Contamination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; standards ; Lycium ; classification ; cytology ; genetics ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Species Specificity

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections ; diagnostic imaging ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Adult ; Bone Marrow Examination ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mycoses ; diagnostic imaging ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Penicillium ; isolation & purification ; Prognosis ; Radiography

To develop a method for the rapid monitoring of five components during the alcohol precipitation process of Shenzhiling oral solution using near infrared spectroscopy(NIRS).The contents of five components detemined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) were used as the reference values, and the NIRS based partial least square regression(PLSR) models were used to monitor the concentrations of paeoniflorin, albiflorin, liquiritin, cinnamic acid and glycyrrhizic acid during the alcohol precipitation process of Shenzhiling oral solution, which were optimized and verified through comparing of different spectral pre-processing and variables selection methods. Determination coefficients(Rcal2 and Rpred2), root mean squares error of prediction (RMSEP), root mean squares error of calibration(RMSEC) and ratiao of performance to deviation(RPD) were applied to evaluate the performance of the models, and the corresponding values were 0.993 3 and 0.997 6, 0.084 9 g•L⁻¹, 0.073 3 g•L⁻¹ and 14.7 for paeoniforin; 0.991 4, 0.992 7, 0.028 1 g•L⁻¹, 0.030 5 g•L⁻¹ and 10.2 for albiforin; 0.955 3, 0.976 1, 0.012 0 g•L⁻¹, 0.012 3 g•L⁻¹ and 5.1 for liquiritin; 0.958 8, 0.990 3, 0.003 89 g•L⁻¹, 0.002 89 g•L⁻¹ and 7.1 for cinnamic acid; 0.982 0, 0.986 3, 0.053 8 g•L⁻¹, 0.059 0 g•L⁻¹, 7.2 for glycyrrhizic acid, respectively. The results indicated that the presented approach was effectively for the quantitative monitoring of the alcohol precipitation process of Shenzhiling oral solution.

Objective:To observe the effect of modified Bazhentang on the nutritional status and immune function of patients with Qi and blood deficiency syndrome in neoadjuvant chemotherapy （NAC） for gastric cancer. Method:One hundred and ten patients were randomly divided into observation group and control group with 55 cases each. Both groups accepted FOLFOX6 protocol. Patients in control group took Jianpi Shengxue tablets orally， 3 tablets/time， 3 times/day. Patients in observation group received modified Bazhentang， 1 dose/day. The course of treatment was six weeks in both groups. Before and after treatment， scores were graded according to patient generated-subjective global assessment （PG-SGA）， Qi and blood deficiency syndrome， and the Revised Piper Fatigue Scale （PFS-R）. Levels of serum total protein （TB）， albumin （ALB）， prealbumin （PAB）， CD4⁺， CD8⁺， helper T lymphocyte 17 （Th17）， regulatory T cell （Treg）， immunoglobulin G （IgG）， IgM， and IgA were detected before and after therapy. Body mass index （BMI） and fat free mass index （FFMI） were measured before and after treatment. Weight loss was recorded， and the acute or subacute toxicity of anticancer drugs was evaluated. Result:The degree of malnutrition in the observation group was lower than that in the control group （Z=2.401，P<0.01）. The levels of TB， ALB and PAB in the observation group were higher than those in the control group （P<0.01）. The CD4⁺， Treg and CD4⁺/CD8⁺ levels in the observation group were higher than those in the control group （P<0.01）. The CD8⁺， Th17 and Th17/Treg levels were lower than those in the control group （P<0.01）. Besides， the levels of IgM and IgA in the observation group were higher than those in the control group （P<0.01）. The PG-SGA score and weight loss in the observation group were lower than those in the control group （P<0.01）. The BMI and FFMI data of the observation group were higher than those of the control group （P<0.05）. The scores of PFS-R and Qi-blood deficiency syndrome were lower than those of the control group （P<0.01）. The incidence of nausea and vomiting in the observation group was 45.45% （25/55）， lower than 65.45% （36/55） in the control group （χ²=4.452，P<0.05）. Conclusion:Modified Bazhentang can be used to assist gastric cancer patients with NAC， which can improve nutritional status and immune function， promote immune balance， reduce clinical symptoms and fatigue， and reduce chemotherapy toxicity and side effects， so it is worthy of clinical use.

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the physiological features of Ano1 were affected by enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) fusing at Ano1 C-terminal. The eukaryotic expression vectors of Ano1 and EGFP-Ano1 were constructed, and these plasmids were transfected into Fischer rat thyroid follicular epithelial (FRT) cells using liposome. The expression and location of Ano1 were examined by using inverted fluorescence microscope. The ability of Ano1 to transport iodide was detected by kinetics experiment of fluorescence quenching. The results showed that both Ano1 and EGFP-Ano1 were expressed on FRT cell membrane and could be activated by Ca(2+). There was no significant difference of the ability to transport iodide between Ano1 and EGFP-Ano1. These results suggest Ano1 and EGFP-Ano1 have similar physiological feature.
Animals ; Anoctamin-1 ; Cell Membrane ; physiology ; Chloride Channels ; metabolism ; Epithelial Cells ; physiology ; Genetic Vectors ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; metabolism ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Plasmids ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; metabolism ; Thyroid Gland ; cytology ; Transfection

Tibetan medicine "Dida" isoccasionally misused due to its complex origins, which ultimately affects its clinical efficacy. The accurate name, origin, property, and efficacy of "Dida"are highly important for its further research and development. In the present study, by viewing the classic Tibetan medicine and modern literature, and combining the clinical practice of Tibetan medicine, the origins, properties and the clinic effects of "Dida" were defined. "Dida" originated from multiple plant species of Swertia, Gentianopsis, Halenia, Lomatogonium, Comastoma(Gentianaceae), Hedyotis (Saxifragaceae) and Erysimum (Cruciferae). The medicinal properties of "Dida" is mainly bitter and cold. It has been commonly used to treat febrile diseases and hepatic and gall diseases. This study suggested that the relevant herbalogical study, species identification and pharmacological effects of "Dida" should be taken based on the Tibetan medicine theories and clinical practice. Thus the medicine can be better used and ensure its safety and quality simultaneously.