Gap junction is one kind of synapse coexisting with chemical synapse in the nervous system. Nowadays with the development of electrophysiological technique,more research began to focus on the role of gap junction in the neural network,especially in the cognitive function. Gap junction collaborates with chemical synapses to induce the neural network activities related to memory and perception,such as gamma and ripple oscillation,which is regarded as the mechanism of the role of gap junction in cognitive function. This review introduces the structure of gap junction,distribution and expression of different kinds of connexins in central nervous system,which are the basic element of gap junction. Furthermore,this review discusses the role of gap junction in cognition related network oscillations and activity-dependent plasticity of gap junction.

Aim To explore the mechanisms of Curcumin which plays a role of protecting cells through regulating the activity of GSK-3?.Methods Plasmid APPswe and BACE1-mychis were transiently co-transfected into SHSY5Y cells.The cells were treated with Curcumin and then were collected to determine the mRNA and protein levels of GSK-3?,?-catenin and CyclinD1 by RT-PCR and Western blot. Immuno-fluoresecnt staining was used to detect the location and expression of ?-catenin and GSK-3?, and ELISA was for the generation of A?.Results RT-PCR and Western blot results showed that in the cells, Curcumin inhibited the expression of GSK-3? mRNA and protein, and promoted the expression of GSK-3?-Ser9 protein (P

Aim To investigate the effects of Curcumin on the APP processing in the amyloidogenic pathway in vitro and explore its mechanisms on A? generation inhibition.Methods Plasmids APPswe and BACE1-mychis were transiently co-transfected in SH-SY5Y cell by LipofectaminTM2000.The cell line then treated with Curcumin at 0,1.25,5,20 ?mol?L-1 for 24 h,or with Curcumin at 5 ?mol?L-1 for 0,12,24 and 48 h for the time course assay.RT-PCR were performed to measure the endogenous levels of APP and BACE1 mRNA.Western blot were used to detect the protein expression of BACE1 and C99,the major ?-secretase cleavage product.The concentration of A?40/42 was detected by ?-amyloid 1~40 or 42 Colorimetric ELISA.Results RT-PCR results showed that the mRNA levels of APP and BACE1 were decreased obviously in a dose-and time-dependent manner after treated with Curcumin in SH-SY5Y(P

Objective:To understand the impact of adjusting national drug reimbursement list(NDRL) have on the benefits of patient covered by Basic Health Insurance ( BHI ) , medical insurance fund expenditure and specific drug marketing . Methods: Based on the survey data of medical service utilization situation of national inpatients participated BHI, to summarize and analyze the change of drug usage from 2009 to 2011. Results: In 2011, the drug expense of the national inpatient covered by BHI is approximately 132.7 billion yuan, increased by 37% compared to that of 2009; among which, the expense of entry drug accounts for about 76% out of the total drug use. In 2011, new increased expense on drug use is 13.5 billion, which increased to 98% compared to that of 2009. Conclusion:Adjustment of NDRL had little effect on total drug expenses increasing, but lead changes of the drug expense structure; and expense on some new entry drugs increased obviously. The focus of future adjustment of NRDL could gradually transfer from guaranteeing on basic medicine use to the promotion on clinical rational drug use.

Objective To explore the influence of corporate governance at public hospitals on their nature of public welfare,in order to provide reference for promoting the reform of public hospital corporate governance.Methods Hypotheses of such impacts were raised by means of literature review. 460 questionnaires were collected from site survey,and four factors of public hospital corporate governance were used as independent variables,and five factors of the public welfare performance as dependent variables,for a correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis.Results A clear correlation is found among medical service level,and decision-making mechanism,the mechanism of key employees recruit/evaluation/incentive and their constraints (P < 0.05 ).Completion status of public health services is significantly correlated with the mechanism of recruit/evaluation/incentive and constraint,and their supervision mechanism as well(P <0.05).Medical technology level and cost of medical services are significantly correlated with decision-making mechanism.Conclusions In consideration of public hospital corporate governance,such mechanisms as decision-making,supervision,recruit,evaluation,incentive and constraint for key employees play a key role for public welfare performance.It is recommended to promote the hospital corporate governance reform from the above aspects.

BACKGROUND:In the fluorine-containing acidic environment, it is unclear whether Damon copper- nickel-titanium arch wire can have a corrosion resistance similar to conventional nickel-titanium arch wire and whether copper ion wil affect its corrosion resistance. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the corrosion resistance of 3M nickel-titanium arch wires and Damon copper-nickel-titanium arch wires in artificial saliva with different fluoride and pH. METHODS:Potentiodynamic polarization curves of 3M nickel-titanium arch wires and Damon copper-nickel-titanium arch wires were measured in four kinds of artificial saliva (pH=7; pH=7, 0.2% fluoride; pH=7, 0.5% fluoride; pH=5, 0.5% fluoride). Then, the corrosion potential, corrosion current density and polarization resistance were acquired, and scanning electron microscope was used for morphological observation after corrosion. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In neutral (pH=7) artificial saliva, 0.2% fluoride ions added could shift up the Damon specimen polarization curve, increase the corrosion cerrent density and reduce the polarization resistance (P < 0.05); under the scanning electron microscope, corrosion was observable on the specimen surface. But 3M specimen polarization curve did not move, corrosion current density and polarization resistance substantialy unchanged (P > 0.05), and no significant corrosion was produced. When fluoride concentration was increased to 0.5%, the polarization curves of two kinds of the specimens moved, the corrosion cerrent density increased, the polarization resistance decreased (P < 0.05), and there was significant presence of corrosion on the specimen surface. When pH=5, corrosion phenomenon was more pronounced. These findings suggest that low concentrations fluoride cannot affect corrosion resistance of 3M arch wire, but can reduce the corrosion resistance of Damon arch wire; high concentrations of fluoride and acid can both reduce their corrosion resistance. In addition, the corrosion resistance of 3M arch is stronger than that of Damon arch wire.

Objective To explore the role of oxygen free radicals in the proliferation of ECV304 induced by AngⅡ.Methods The lines of human umbilical vein endothelial cell(ECV304)cultured in vivo were divided into three groups which were treated by AngⅡ,AngⅡ+N-acetyl-L-cysteine(NAC),and normal culture medium.First we observed the proliferous effect of ECV304 induced by AngⅡat different concentration with improved MTT and microscope.Then the contents of oxygen free radicals(?OH)in three groups were detected by spectrophotometer.Results ECV304 incubated with AngⅡ(0.03125～1?mol/L)for 12 hours increased the proliferation rate(P 0.05 vs.control group).Conclusions ECV304 induced by AngⅡcan produce oxygen free radicals(?OH),and the contents of oxygen free radicals(?OH) increase with the prolongation of time and the enlargement of dose;Antioxidant NAC can inhibit the proliferation of ECV304 induced by AngⅡ,this effect may be related with reducing the content of oxygen free radicals(?OH);oxygen free radicals(?OH)may be one of the major mocleculars which play an important role in the signal transduction of ECV304 proliferation.

Objective To observe the relationships among the direct projection neurons from the lumbar spinal cord to the lateral parabrachial nucleus(LPB),calbindin D-28K(CB)-like immunoreactive (-LI) neurons,peripheral noxious information transmission as well as substance P receptor(SPR)-LI neurons. Methods Triple-labeled techniques were used by tetramethyl rhodamine(TMR) retrograde tracing combined with immunofluorescence histochemistry for CB-,SPR- or Fos protein.The stained sections were observed under a confocal laser-scanning microscope. Results 1.After injecting TMR to the unilateral LPB,a number of TMR retrogradely labeled neurons were mainly distributed in the lamina Ⅰ,lateral spinal nucleus(LSN),and regions around the central canal of the spinal cord(lamina X) of the ipsilateral spinal cord;2.CB-LI neurons were mainly found in the laminae Ⅰ and Ⅱ of the lumbar spinal cord,especially in the lamina Ⅱ in the dense distribution; 3.SPR-LI neurons were also mainly seen in the lamina Ⅰ,LSN and lamina X of the spinal cord.A few of the SPR-LI neurons were also distributed in the lamina Ⅱ;4.Fos-positive neurons were detected in the laminae Ⅰ and Ⅱ,lateral aspect of the lamina Ⅴ to Ⅶ of the lumbar spinal cord by injecting 5% formalin into the ipsilateral hindpaw;5.Triple-labeled neurons for TMR/CB/SPR or TMR/CB/Fos were mainly found in lamina Ⅰ,while a few of the triple-labeled neurons were also found in lamina Ⅱ of the dorsal horn.TMR/CB/SPR triple-labeled neurons accounted for 103%,98% and 146% of total population of TMR-,CB- or SPR-LI neurons in laminae Ⅰ and Ⅱ,respectively.On the other hand,TMR/CB/Fos triple-labeled neurons formed 118%,106% and 158% of the total population of TMR-,CB-LI or Fos-positive neurons in the laminae Ⅰ and Ⅱ,respectively.Conclusion\ The results indicated that in the laminae Ⅰ and Ⅱ of the lumbar spinal cord some neurons with CB-Like immunoreactivity transmitting the peripheral noxious information and projecting directly to the LPB might receive SPergic primary afferents.

Objective To investigate the expression of fragile histid ine triad (FHIT)gene and its relationship with the proliferation and apoptosis of tumor cells in cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM).Methods The expression o f FHIT gene and PCNA were detected by streptavidin peroxidase method with skin s pecimens taken from 57 primary cutaneous melanoma and 20 normal controls.Apopto sis of tumor cells was detected by terminal deoxynuclneotidyl transferase mediat ed dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL).Results The expression level of FHIT protei n was significantly lower in CMM than that in the normal skin tissue (P

Objective To detect the virucidal efficacy of cross linked starch iodine (CSI) and its influence factors in solution and to observe the morphological changes of CSI after disinfection. Methods Sindbis virus (Sindbis) and poliovirus (polio) were used as the test viruses, and different concentrations of plasm as the organic solvent. The virucidal efficacy of CSI was observed by means of cell infection test. The morphological changes of CSI particles after disinfection were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Results CSI had the same virucidal effect on Sindbis and polio viruses in solution. After treatment with CSI at a dose of 50-100 mg/ml for 30-60 min, the viruses were inactivated by 5-7 logs TCID 50 . The virucidal efficacy of CSI enhanced in dose and time dependent manners. CSI could inactivate the viruses in D hanks solution with 10% plasma or in plasma by 2-5 logs TCID 50 and 2-3 logs TCID 50 , respectively. Electron microscopy showed that the CSI was in the form of round and oval particles with the diameter of about 100 ?m. After disinfection, the particle surface became more lubricious, but no morphological changes were observed. Conclusion CSI has effective virucidal effect on envelope viruses and non envelope viruses in solution free of organic substances, but the virucidal efficacy can be greatly affected by organic substances. There is no morphological change of CSI particles after disinfection.