Objective To develop a questionnaire which measures leisure satisfaction for university students. Methods Initial items of the questionnaire were compiled according to theoretical analysis and interviews. 400 college students were recruited to respond to the items. The explorative factor analysis was used to decide the final items and dimensions. Another 350 college students were recruited to respond to the decided questionnaire and a criterion questionnaire. Results The leisure satisfaction questionnaire consisted of three dimensions : Relaxing Satisfaction (RS) , Contacting Satisfaction (CS), and Transcend Satisfaction (TS). Internal consistency (Cronbach' sα) of the three dimensions were 0.86,085 and 0. 84 and the Cuttmann Split-half Coefficient were 0.76,0.83 and 0.86. The cumulative explanation of the variance was 58.956%. A confirmative factor analysis revealed that the three-dimension model was proper(x2/df = 1. 74, NFI = 0.88, NNFI = 0.93, CFI = 0.94, GFI =0.93,AGFI=0.91,IFI=0.94,RMSEA =0.048). The leisure satisfaction Questionnaire was positively related to freedom satisfaction( r = 0.20 ～ 0. 30, P < 0.01). Conclusion The leisure satisfaction questionnaire for university students has satisfactory psychometric characteristics.

A few of patients with lumbar disk herniation having a separation of clinical symptoms and signs and imaging features, can be found in clinic, but the traditional theory of direct mechanical compression of nerve roots by herniated nucleus pulposus can't be used to explain this abnormal protrusion of lumbar intervertebral disc. The clinical symptoms and signs of the atypical lumbar disk herniation are affected by multiple factors. The indirect mechanical compression and distraction effect of spinal nerve roots may play an important role in the occurrence of the separation, and the appearance of abnormal clinical symptoms and signs is closely related to the migration of herniated nucleus pulposus tissue, transmission of injury information in the nervous system, and the complex interactions among the nucleus pulposus, dural sac and nerve roots. Moreover,the changes of microcirculation and inflammation secondary to the herniated nucleus pulposus tissue, the hyperosteogeny in the corresponding segment of the lumbar vertebrae and the posture changes all results in a diversity of symptoms and signs in patients with lumbar intervertebral disc herniation. Besides, there exist congenital variation of lumbosacral nerve roots and vertebral bodies in some patients, and the misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis of imaging finding may occur in some cases. However, the appearance of a separation of clinical symptoms and signs and imaging examination in patients may be caused by a variety of reasons in clinic. The exact mechanism involved in the interaction among nucleus pulposus tissue, dural sac and nerve root, secondary changes of pathophysiology and biomechanics around the nucleus pulposus, the determination of lesioned responsible segments, and how to overcome the limitations of imaging all need the further researches.
Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; complications ; diagnosis ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Nerve Compression Syndromes ; etiology

This article provides a brief description of systematics on Morchella ,and reviews the advances of molecular systematics on Morchella over the world.

Objective To investigate the application of MSCT three-dimensional digital navigated biopsy in subcarinal lesions.Methods 82 patients were enrolled.Study subjects were randomly divided into control group and research group.Three-dimensional positioning and three-dimensional navigation needle biopsy were used in research groups, while CT cross-sectional image positioning with conventional puncture needle was used in control group.Puncture accuracy, one-time success rate of puncture, complications, diagnosis accuracy and operation time were compared between the two groups.Results Puncture success rate, definite diagnosis rate were 87.80%(36/41) and 97.56%(40/41) for the research group,and 60.97%(24/41) and 80.49% (33/41) for the control group, respectively,which on the research group were higher than that on the control group(χ2=8.945, 6.116;P<0.05).Complication rate and operating time were 14.63% (6/41) and (11.64±2.76) min for the research group, and 41.45% (17/41) and (22.22±6.31) min for the control group, respectively, which were lower on the research group than that on the control group (χ2=7.31,t=-11.70,P<0.05).Conclusion MSCT three-dimensional digital navigated biopsy technique could promote the efficiency of subcarinal space puncture biopsy significantly,which is a novel, convenient, precise and safe method.

Aim To prepare soluble global human C1 q and tumor necrosis factor related protein-2 in Escherichia coli. Methods Recombinant expression plasmid was transformed into strain BL21-codonplus (DE3),and the recombinant protein of Trx-gH2 was expressed by IPTG induction and then purified by Ni-NTA affinity and gel filtration chromatography.Results The purified recombinant Trx-gH2 was shown to be active under in vi-vo and in vitro assay conditions.Conclusion Active recombi-nant global hCTRP2 is efficiently prepared from Escherichia coli protein expression system.

Objective To investigate epidemiological characteristics and differences in anklebrachial index (ABI) among the natural population in Shanghai and Inner Mongolia,and to observe the prevalence of lower extremity peripheral arterial disease (PAD).Methods A total of 2604 volunteers from Shanghai and Inner Mongolia were selected by stratified cluster random sample.ABI was measured and related data were collected.Results The A BI value in Shanghai was 1.074 ± 0.095,while it was 1.062 ±0.075 in Inner Mongolia (P ＜ 0.001).The prevalence of lower extremity PAD in Shanghai was 4.2％,while it was 1.9％ in Inner Mongolia (P ＜ 0.01).For males,the ABI value in Shanghai was 1.078 ±0.105,and it was 1.075 ± 0.080 in Inner Mongolia (P ＞ 0.05).For females,the ABI value in Shanghai was 1.073 ±0.089,while it was 1.052 ±0.070 in Inner Mongolia (P ＜0.001).For males,the prevalence of lower extremity PAD of the in Shanghai was 4.7％,while it was 2.0％ in Inuer Mongolia (P ＜ 0.05).For females,the prevalence of lower extremity PAD of in Shanghai was 4.0％,while it was 1.8％ in Inner Mongolia (P ＜ 0.05).The ABI values in age group of ＜ 50 years in Shanghai and Inner Mongolia were 1.037 ± 0.082 and 1.055 ± 0.068,respectively (P ＜ 0.05).The prevalences of lower extremity PAD in age group of ＜50 years in Shanghai and Inner Mongolia were 7.6％ and 1.2％,respectively (P ＜0.001).There were no significant differences in ABI value and the prevalence of lower extremity PAD between Shanghai and Inner Mongolia in both age group of 50-69 years and ≥70 years (all P values ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The ABI value in Shanghai is higher than that in Inner Mongolia and the prevalence of lower extremity PAD in both males and females in Shanghai is significantly higher than that in Inner Mongolia.But they are lower than the level of western countries.In different age groups,the difference of the prevalence of lower extremity PAD between Shanghai and Inner Mongolia is only displayed in the age group of ＜ 50 years,which may be related to the limited sample size.The natural population in Shanghai exposed artery atherosclerotic disease risk factors may increase and we need to pay more attention to the lower extremity PAD.

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical effect of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery(VATS) for chronic empyema. Methods74 patients with chronic empyema were divided into experimental group and control group,control group was given decorticationoflung,and experimental group was given VATS. ResultsThe duration of chest tube drainage, hospitalization and complications in experimental group was significantly better than that in control group,it showed better clinical effect. ConclusionFor part of patients without the serious disease change of chronic empyema, if the surgery indication could be controlled strictly, the VATS was considerable.

Objective To retrospectively investigate diagnostic and therapeutic value of intradiscal steroid injection in patients with discogenic low back pain combined with radial fissure of annulus fibrosis.Methods Totally 120 patients who had undergone CT guided intervertebral discography and steroid injections,including 72 males and 48 females,aged from 25 to 60 years (average,48 years),were recruited to this study.According to Dallas discography description system,7 cases were rated as grade 0,36 grade 1,48grade 2,and 29 grade 3.The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) were used to evaluate clinical effect at 2 weeks,2 months,6 months,12 months and 24 months postoperatively.Results Most of patients who underwent steroid injection in single highly suspect diseased disc claimed significant symptom improvement.There were statistically significant differences between pre- and post-operative VAS and RMDQ.The clinical effect in grade 3 group was better than those in grade 1 and grade 2 groups,and the differences were significant.Patients with severe disc disruption (grade 3) had a lower recurrence rate of low back pain compared with other patients.Conclusion Intradiseal steroid injection not only can significantly relieve discogenic low back pain,but also can benefit diagnosis of discogenic low back pain,especially in patients who fail to reproduce concordant pain on discography.For patients with severe rupture of the annulus fibrosus,the relief of discogenic low back pain is more significant.

Aim To isolate cancer stem cells from human pan-creatic cancer cell line L3. 6pl and to identify their biological characteristics. Methods L3. 6pl cells were cultivated in com-mercial low adhesion plate with serum-free stem cell culture me-dium ( MEM/F12 1:1 ) supplemented with B27. The cancer stem cells reformed into floating spheres were isolated. The method of tumor sphere formation was used to isolate/enrich and characterize the cancer stem cells in pancreatic carcinoma cell line L3. 6pl. Cancer stem cell spheres were collected and sorted using magnetic cell sorting ( magnetic activated cell sorting, MACS) technology, with the cell surface markers of CD24 +CD44 + ESA+. Self-renewal and EMT-related oncogene expres-sion were measured with Western blot. Cancer stem cells differ-entiation potential and the expression of cancer stem cell related signs were checked with Immunofluorescence assay. To deter-mine tumorigenesis in vivo, Xenograft assay in NOD-SCID mice were performed respectively, then immunohistochemistry proto-oncogene c-Met and RON expression were also checked. West-ern blot was used to detect the changes of stemness relative tran-scriptional factors and epithelial markers expressed in spheres before and after differentiation. Drug resistance of pancreatic cancer stem cells to gemcitabine or paclitaxel was measured with MTT assay. Results CD24 + CD44 + ESA+ cells were signifi-cantly tumorigenic, and cultured in serum-free conditions to form spheroids, which had the characteristics of stem cells with self-renewal, EMT and drug-resistant capabilities, and had a posi-tive correlation with the c-Met, RON protein expression. Con-clusion Human pancreatic stem cells are successfully isolated, which provides a useful model for individualized therapy and e-valuation of the therapeutic efficacy for pancreatic cancer pa-tients.

Anemia, Aplastic ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation ; adverse effects ; methods ; Female ; Graft Survival ; Graft vs Host Disease ; etiology ; immunology ; therapy ; HLA Antigens ; blood ; immunology ; Histocompatibility ; immunology ; Histocompatibility Testing ; Humans ; Male ; Treatment Outcome