With the existence of capsules,lens regeneration occurs in some mammals after extracapsular lens extraction.It is usually thought that lens regenerates from resident lens epithelial cells (LECs) in the capsule.However,lens regeneration dose not mean simple redupilication of development,and transparency of the lens is affected by irregular growth,migration and transdifferention of the resident LECs.Previous studies mainly focus on the dysplasia of LECs,but update theory about lens regeneration is proposed to be associated with stem cells.Some views and suggestions in lens regeneration are concerned in current researches to better illuminate the mechanism and therapy of posterior capsular opacity.

Recent years,progress has been made on the basic researches and clinical applications of ocular surface reconstruction with autologous or allogeneic limbal stem cells,oral mucosa epithelium and ex vivo cultured limbal stem cells.However,there are several issues,including the successful treatment for severe ocular damage,longterm follow-up and evaluation of clinical outcome,and the in vivo tracking of donor stem cells,remained to have definitive conclusions.Future studies should address the questions and challenges based on the basic research of limbal stem cell deficiency and standardized evaluation of clinical outcome.

Adult ; Arsenic Poisoning ; etiology ; Arsenicals ; Humans ; Male ; Skin ; injuries ; Skin Absorption ; Wounds and Injuries

Objective To explore the effect of ankle strategy stability limit training on balance and gait in recovering stroke patients with hemiplegia. Methods Forty recovering stroke patients were randomized into an intervention group and a control group.The patients in the intervention group were given ankle strategy stability limit training using visual feedback on the static long sets of a Smart Equitest Balance Master (SEBM) machine.Those in the control group practiced routine postural balance training using mirror visual feedback in parallel bars.Both groups of patients practiced balance and posture control for 30 minutes,once daily,6 days a week for two weeks. Both groups were also given routine therapy and other rehabilitation.The patients' balance function was evaluated using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS),and their gait was assessed using the walk across technique (WA). Results There was no significant difference between the two groups with regard to general information,BBS scores or WA results before treatment.After 2 weeks of treatment,BBS scores as well as the step length and pace in the WA improved significantly in both groups,but all improved significantly more in the intervention group.There was no significant difference in width of gait. Conclusion Ankle strategy stability limit training can enhance weight-bearing on stroke patients' affected foot as well as their balance and the symmetry of their steps.

With the intensified aging problem, the study of age-related diseases is becoming more and more significant. Alzheimer's disease is a kind of dementia, with senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles as the main pathological features, and has become one of the major diseases that endanger the health of the elderly. This review is concentrated on the research of the early assessment of Alzheimer's disease. The current situation of early diagnosis of the disease is analyzed, and a prospect of the future development of early assessment means of the disease is also made in the paper.
Aged ; Aging ; Alzheimer Disease ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Neurofibrillary Tangles ; pathology ; Plaque, Amyloid ; pathology

Objective To detect the change of CD47 on T-lymphocyte subsets marked by CD3 + CD4+ and CD3+ CD8+ in the acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) and to explore its clinical significance.Methods The peripheral blood of 30 patients was collected before and every two weeks from hematopoietic reconstitution after allo-HSCT.The expression of CD47 on T-lymphocyte subsets marked by CD3+ CD4+ and CD3+ CD8+ was detected by flow cytometry,and the relationship between their expression and the occurrence of aGVHD was analyzed.Results The percentage of CD3+ CD4+-and CD3+ CD8+-marked T-lymphocyte subsets showed no statistically significant difference between aGVHD group and non-aGVHDgroup [(38.95 ± 6.18)％ vs.(37.38 ± 4.6)％,and (22.35 ± 3.32)％ vs.(20.34 ±4.56) ％,respectively] (P＞0.05).The expression levels of CD47 on T-lymphocyte subsets marked by CD3+ CD4+ and CD3+ CD8+ was obviously increased in aGVHD group when compared to before transplantation and non-aGVHD group after transplantation,and that had no changes in non-aGVHD group when compared to before conditioning regimen after transplantation.Mean fluorescence intensity of CD47 on T-lymphocyte subsets marked by CD3+ CD4+ and CD3+ CD8+ [(93.70 ± 14.88) and (70.09 ± 12.51)] in aGVHD group significantly increased as compared with non-aGVHD group [(71.27-± 11.32) and (53.93 ± 8.35)] (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the expression of CD47 on T-lymphocyte subsets marked by CD3+ CD4+ and CD3+ CD8+ before and after transplantation in non-aGVHD group (P＞0.05).Moreover the expression of CD47 on T-lymphocyte subsets marked by CD3 + CD4 + and CD3 + CD8 + changed correspondingly with the outcome of aGVHD in aGVHD group.Conclusion The change of CD47 on T-lymphocyte subsets marked by CD3+ CD4+ andCD3+ CD8+ is valuable to monitor the aGVHD after allo-HSCT,which may provide a new means for the early detection of aGVHD.

Achalasia of cardia caused by neuromuscular dysfunction at esophagus-stomach junction is a functional disease of esophageal dynamic dysfunction. It is characterized by absence of peristalsis of esophageal body and failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax. The methods of therapy include botulinum toxin injection, stent placement, laparoscopic Heller myotomy and balloon dilatation. However,these methods have some shortages,such as easy to recur, causing larger trauma,etc. . With the development of technology of endoscopy,a new method peroral endoscopic myotomy ( POEM)is widely used in clinical practice,and it can used in some special patients such asⅢ type achalasia,pediatric and elderly patients,as well as sigmoid-type achalasia. This article reviewed the current status and progress of POEM in treatment of achalasia of cardia.

BACKGROUND: Biological function of leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin like-receptor 1 (LAIR 1) has clearly researched in China and abroad, but the in vivo biological function of LAIR is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To establish LAIR-2 (CD306) eukaryotic expression vectors and to purify and identify the fusion protein. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A single sample observation experiment was performed at the Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA between June 2007 and June 2008.MATERIALS: plg/3c vector was offered by Oxford University, pcDNA3.1 vector was provided by Meyaard doctor. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines were preserved by the Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.METHODS: Two eukaryotic expression vectors plg/3c-LAIR-2 and pcDNA3.1-LAIR-2 were constructed and were transfected into CHO cells. The binding activities of LAIR-2 fusion protein to LAIR-2 mAbs were identified by Western blot, immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry assay.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The construction of stably transfected cell lines, and the purification and identification of fusion protein. The activity of LAIR 2 protein combined to corresponding monoclonal antibody.RESULTS: Eukaryotic expression vectors were constructed and trasnsfected into CHO cells successfully. Two cells lines CHO/LAIR-2-Fc and CHO/LAIR-2 that steadily expressed LAIR-2-Fc fusion protein and LAIR-2 protein were established. Western blot assay showed that LAIR-2 protein could bind specially to LAIR-2 mAb 1A7, 3H12 and 4A9. Immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry assay demonstrated that 3H12 and 4A9 could bind to LAIR-2 expressed in the transfected CHO cells. CONCLUSION: Two ceils lines CHO/LAIR-2-Fc and CHO/LAIR-2 were successfully constructed, which can transfected to CHO cells. The eukaryotic expressed LAIR-2 protein has good binding activity to LAIR-2 mAbs.

Objective To evaluate effect of en bloc resection of malignant sacral tumor involving partial sacrum and ipsilateral sacroiliac joint with reservation of contralateral sacral foramina.Methods Between February 2005 and July 2010,16 patients with malignant sacral tumor involving partial sacrum and ipsilateral sacroiliac joint underwent hemi-sacrectomy and functional reconstruction.The operation achieved en bloc resection of tumor with reservation of contralateral sacral foramina.There were 10 males and 6 females,aged from 17 to 70 years (average,37.9 years).There were 5 cases of chondrosarcoma,3 cases of Ewing's sarcoma,2 cases of malignant schwannoma,2 cases of osteosarcoma,1 case of malignant giant cell tumor of bone,1 case of lymphoma and 2 cases of metastatic tumor.Results The surgical time ranged from 4 to 11.5 hours (average,6.5 hours).The average blood loss was 3600 ml (range,1500 to 5500 ml).Five patients underwent type Ⅰ resection,while 11 patients underwent type Ⅱ resection.All patients were followed up for 21 to 59 months (average,34.4 months).Three months after operation,13 patients had difficulty with ankle plantar flexion,while sphincter function was more or less reserved in 16 patients.Four patients (25％)had wound healing complications,which was cured after debridement and drainage.Local recurrence occurred in 7 patients.There were 5 cases of local recurrence among 6 patients who had intralesional margin;4 recurrence lesions located in the sacrum and 1 in soft tissue.Eight patients (50.0％) survived without tumor,2 patients (12.5％)survived with tumor,and 6 patients (37.5％) died of tumor.Conclusion The en bloc resection of tumor involving partial sacrum and ipsilateral sacroiliac joint with reservation of contralateral sacral foramina was feasible and had better outcome compared with total sacrectomy.

Objective To quantify the expression levels of calpain 1 and caspase-3 in lichen planus (LP) lesions and their relationship with the apoptosis in keratinocytes.Methods Biopsy samples were obtained from the lesions of 20 patients with LP and normal skin of 10 healthy controls,and embedded in paraffin.Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) was used to evaluate the apoptosis in keratinocytes,and immunohistochemical staining to detect the expressions of calpain 1 and caspase-3,in these tissue specimens.Data were processed by SPSS 13.0 software.Comparison analysis was carried out by t test for apoptosis index,and by rank sum test for the expressions of calpain 1 and caspase-3.Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between these parameters.Results The apoptosis index of keratinocytes was higher in LP lesions than in the normal skin (67.59 ± 13.50 vs.28.26 ± 7.56,t =8.52,P ＜ 0.01).Significantly increased expressions of calpain 1 and caspase-3 were observed in the epidermis of LP lesions compared with the normal skin (T =78.00 and 77.00,respectively,both P ＜ 0.01).The expressions of both calpain 1 and caspase-3 were positively correlated with apoptosis index of keratinocytes (r =0.71 and 0.74,respectively,both P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The expressions of calpain 1 and caspase-3 are upregulated in LP lesions,which may be closely associated with the accelerated apoptosis in keratinocytes.