0.05);According to average 15 months follow-up,the complication rate was 0 and the excellent rate of shoulder fuction was 97.1% in the cases fixed with CHP,both were better than those of the cases fixed with K-wire of 38.9% and 72.2% respectively(P

OBJECTIVE:To provide suggestions for improving the quality of the instructions of domestic generic Levofloxacin injections. METHODS:A set of instructions of original Levofloxacin injection and 20 sets of instructions of domestic generic Levo-floxacin injections(with three kinds of acid radicals)were compared and analyzed in warning,indications,dosage and administra-tion,medication for children,drug interactions,toxicology,pharmacokinetics,etc. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The rate of re-cording indications,dosage and administration and pharmacokinetics among the 21 sets of instructions is high,up to 100%. Among the instructions of domestic generic Levofloxacin hydrochloride injection,Levofloxacin lactate injection and Levofloxacin mesylate injection,the rates of mentioning a tendon injury in the warning section are 30.00%,0 and 33.33% respectively;those of recording antibacterial spectrum in the indications section are 10.00%,0 and 33.33% respectively;those of recording the specif-ic results of drug interactions are 10.00%,0 and 66.67% respectively;and those of recording toxicological information are 70.00%,85.71% and 33.33% respectively,all of which are lower than the recording rates of 100% for the instructions of original one. In the instructions of domestic generic Levofloxacin injection,there is a lack of clinical trial data in the sections of dosage and administration,medication for children and toxicology and of pharmacokinetic parameters for patients with impaired liver/kidney function and special population in the pharmacokinetics section. It is suggested that the manufacturers of domestic generic Levoflox-acin injections should improve the specific contents of the instructions;the instructions regulatory authorities should improve the ad-ministration of instructions examination and approval;and doctors and pharmacists should strictly follow the instructions.

Congresses as Topic ; Diagnostic Errors ; Head ; surgery ; Humans ; Neck ; surgery ; Otolaryngology

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; complications ; Humans ; Male ; Optic Nerve Injuries ; etiology ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Vision, Ocular

Constipation has become a common clinical symptom in the elderly. Many factors can result in constipation, including diet,physiological aging, lack of exercise, inappropriate medication, psychological factors, perianal disease, and so on. If the individualized, targetedand comprehensive care interventions that consist of health education, psychological intervention, dietary intervention, medicationguide, functional exercise, passive attention to bowel training and abdominal massage etc. are done well, it can decrease the incidence ofconstipation, reduce a variety of complications and adverse effects caused by the constipation and improve the quality of life in the elderly.So it has important clinical significance.

As a technique which can assess both the micro-vascularization and macro-vascularization of the tumor,contrast-enhanced ultrasound have been developed rapidly,and its researches in thyroid nodules check and differentiation has became more and more widely.Different infusion modes in the diagnostic of thyroid nodules are really meaningful.The development of CEUS and identification of thyroid nodules will be reviewed in this article.

ObjectiveTo investigate the expression and relationship between phosphatase and tensin homology deleted on chromosome ten(PTEN) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in bladder transitional cell carcinoma(BTCC) and their clinical significance.MethodsExpression of PTEN and VEGF were detected in 60 specimens by immunohistochemistry test(SP method).ResultsThe positive rate of PTEN was 47%(28/60) in BTCC;VEGF was 68%(41/60).With the pathological grade and the clinical stage of tumors being higher,the lower expression level of PTEN showed(P<0.05);while the expression of VEGF increased with no statistical significance(P>0.05),but having a significant difference between specimens with lymph nodes metastasis and without lymph nodes metastasis(P<0.05).The expression of PTEN was negatively correlated with that of VEGF(r=-0.439,P<0.01).ConclusionThe expression of PTEN and VEGF in BTCC plays an important role during the progress of carcinoma and is helpful to evaluate the prognosis of patients.

Objective:To develop a UV optical fiber in situ process monitoring method for the dissolution behavior of five cepha-lexin solid dosage forms and compare the drug dissolution behavior of different cephalexin preparations. Methods: The dissolution of five different cephalexin preparations was on-line monitored according to the dissolution method for cephalexin tablets in Chinese Phar-macopeia (2010 edition) combined with a six channel optical fiber chemical sensor in situ dissolution monitor. Results:The dissolu-tion curves could show the drug release characteristics of different cephalexin preparations, and the five different preparations exhibited various drug release features. Conclusion:An in-situ, real time, on-line and process analysis of dissolution can be obtained by optical fiber dissolution test system automatically. The release characteristics of different preparations can be presented through dissolution curves directly, which can provide reference for the overall assessment of drug internal quality and clinical medication.

Objective: To develop parental punishment style the questionnaire. Methods: Based upon previous literature about parental punishment style and expert interview, data were collected for the parental punishment style questionnaire. A sample of 1028 junior high school students were asked to complete the questionnaire and 158 of them was given retest after a month. Results: Taken from the questionnaire by exploratory factor analysis four factors were compatible. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit to the data. The internal consistency reliability of father and mother questionnaire was satisfactory, with Cronbach ? coefficient 0.91; and the test-retest reliability was also satisfactory, with test-retest correlation coefficient 0.88 and 0.89, which showed good content validity and high construct validity. Conclusion: The questionnaire has good reliability and validity, and meets the need of psychometrics.

AIM:To investigate the protective effect of nerve growth factor combined with Ginkgo biloba extract on retinal ischemia-reperfusion (RIR) injury in rabbits with experimental high intraocular pressure.METHODS:Establishment of rabbit glaucoma ischemia reperfusion model.Twenty-four New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups:nerve growth factor group, Ginkgo biloba extract group and combination group.Respectively, in the continuous administration of 1, 7, 14d.We observed the morphological changes of the tissues of the retina.The levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD), nitric oxide(NO) and malondialdehyde(MDA) in retinal tissue were measured.RESULTS:Respectively, first, in the continuous administration of 1, 7, 14d, the contents of MDA and NO in Ginkgo biloba extract group and nerve growth group were higher than that in combination group (P<0.05).Secondly, the SOD content of Ginkgo biloba extract group and nerve growth group were lower than that of combination group at each time point (P<0.05).At each time point, the number of HE staining of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) showed that the loss of RGCs in the combination group was significantly lower than that in the other groups, and the ganglion cell count showed that the Ginkgo biloba extract group and the neuronal growth group were lower (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Nerve growth factor combined with Ginkgo biloba extract has better protective effect on retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury.The mechanism may be related to the decrease of free radicals and increase the activity of SOD in retinal tissue.