ObjectiveTo improve the visualization of anteromedial and posterolateral bundles of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and investigate the optimal MRI plane for the bundles at a 3.0 T MR scanner.MethodsMR images of 149 knee joints were reviewed retrospectively.Display rates of AMB,PLB and their different parts (the top portion,the middle portion and the low portion) on MR different planes including axial,sagittal and coronal planes were analyzed and their differences were compared with the x2 section method.ResultsThere was no statistical difference in the display rates of two bundles of ACL between axial plane ( 115/149,77.2％ ) and coronal plane (103/149,69.1％ ) (x2 =2.4606,P ＞0.0125 ).Statistical differences were found between axial and sagittal plane,coronal plane and sagittal plane (21/149,14.1％ ) ( x2 =119.5138,92.8695 respectively,P ＜0.0125 ).There was a statistical difference for the top portion of ACL between axial plane ( 104/149,69.8％ ) and coronal plane,sagittal (0/149,0)and coronal planes ( 7/149,4.7％ ) ( x2 =135.081,159.7526 respectively,P ＜ 0.0125 ),between sagittal and coronal planes (x2 =7.1684,P ＜ 0.0125 ).For the middle portion of ACL,there was no statistical difference between axial plane ( 108/149,72.5％ ) and coronal plane (94/149,63.1％ ) (x2 =3.0120,P ＞ 0.0125 ),while statistical differences were found between axial and sagittal plane,coronal planes and sagittal plane ( 10/149,6.7％ ) ( x2 =134.7454,104.2173 respectively,P ＜ 0.0125 ).For the low portion of ACL,there was no statistical difference between axial plane ( 103/149,69.1％ ) and coronal plane (101/149,73.8％ ) (x2 =0.8065,P ＞0.0125),while statistical differences were detected between axial and sagittal plane,coronal planes and sagittal plane ( 18/149,12.1％ ) ( x2 =100.5300,115.9132,P ＜ 0.0125 ). The different parts of ACL displayed low intensity on different MR planes and normal morphology.ConclusionsACL can be displayed on conventional MR planes at a 3.0 T MR scanner to some extent.Axial and coronal planes might be the optimal MRI planes for ACL and its two bundles.

Objective To investigate the effects of the site for access to internal jugular vein (lateral versus anterior),lying position of patients (supine versus Trendelenburg),and head rotation (0°,20°,and maximum) during central venous catheterization on the location depth and cross-sectional area (CSA) of the right internal jugular vein (IJV).Methods Fifteen healthy volunteers were recruited in this prospective observational study from September 2008 to October 2008.Healthy volunteers were placed in flat supine position and 15°.Trendelenburg position separately.In each position,IJV were measured ultrasonographically from lateral site and anterior site with the head oriented at 0°,20°,and maximum rotation separately.Data of measured CSA and location depth of internal jugular vein in different positions were compared.Results The largest CSA (2.16 ±0.89) cm2 and location depth [(1.38 ± 0.43)cm] were occurred at the lateral approach in Trendelenburg position with head oriented at maximum rotation.The CSA in Trendelenburg position was larger than that in flat supine position.Only at the maximum head rotation,lateral approach got statistically larger CSA.The effects of head rotation varied with different degrees of rotation.Conclusions Site of approach,lying position and head rotation had noticeable effects on internal jugular vein cross-sectional area.Trendelenburg position increased the CSA of IJV.

Objective To explore the diagnosis and curative effect of phenylketonuria(PKU) in Gansu.Methods Fifty-nine thousand nine hundred infants and 118 borderline cases were screened from Oct.1999 to Dec.2006.Three drops of venous blood was collected from the exterior or interior part in the heel,and trickled the venous blood onto the specialized filter paper,which could be formed into 3 bloodstains with the diameter of 0.8-1.0 cm.Phenylalanine(phe) was detected by chemiluminescence method,and PKU was screened by the PKU standard of diagnosis.Infants with PKU had been given low phe food.During the treatment,phe level,physical development and intellectual development were measured regularly.Patients′ body weight,height and head circumference were measured once 1 month.Patients′ intellectual quotient(IQ) were measured every half year(IQ was analyzed by Gesell test).Results were analyzed by SPSS 11.0 software for t test.Results In total,93 patients with PKU were diagnosed and treated.Thirty-six cases were identified by neonatal screening before 3 mouths old.Mental retardation was found in 57 cases before 6 years old.After treatment with low-phe diet,the follow-up for early-treated patients revealed that their physical and mental development were normal,and height,weight and head circumference were in the normal amplitude,and the results of IQ was(92?12)scores.In later treated patients,abnormal behaviors were significantly improved and their developmental quotients were elevated.Before treatment,Gesell value was(57?20)scores;after 12-18 months treatment Gesell value was(70?20)scores.The difference was significant(t=1.705 P

Objective To investigate principles of acupoint selection for the ancient acupuncture and moxibustion treatment of facial paralysis.Methods The ancient literature about acupuncture and moxibustion was collected and reviewed from the pre-Qin period to the late Qing Dynasty. According to the data selection criteria, acupuncture and moxibustion prescriptions of facial paralysis were collected and input into an ancient acupuncture and moxibustion prescription database. By use of frequency analysis and factor analysis, the principles of acupoint selection were obtained.ResultsTotally 257 prescriptions were collected which involve 74 acupoints. Through frequency analysis, 19 acupoints were obtained whose frequencies were equal or greater than 9, such as Dicang (ST 4), Jiache (ST 6), Tinghui (GB 2), Shuigou (GV 26), Hegu (LI 4), etc. Through factor analysis of acupoint variables, 6 common factors were obtained.Conclusion Based on analysis of the common factors, the principles of acupoint selection are summarized which were according to meridian, part and etiology for the ancient acupuncture treatment of facial paralysis. The results could provide a reference for clinical acupuncture and moxibustion treatment. It is feasible that factor analysis was applied to study principles of acupoint selection for acupuncture and moxibustion prescriptions.

Objective To observe attenuated store-operated Ca2+ entry in superior mesenteric artery endothelial cells of aged rat.Methods The pressure myograph was applied to measure the vasodilation of superior mesenteric artery induced by bradykinin (BK) in aged versus non-elder rats.Primarily cultured MAECs were treated by thapsigargin (TG) and BK to deplete intracellular Ca2+ stores for comparing SOCE.SOCE of MAECs was detected by calcium imaging technology and was compared between aged and non-elder rats.The expression levels of Orai 1 and stromal interaction factor 1 (STIM 1) were observed by immunofluorescence method.Results Compared with the nonelder rats (70.0 ± 4.1 ％),BK-induced vasodilation in aged rats (27.0 ± 4.9)％ was declined by (60.7±4.3) ％.SOCE induced by BK and TG in primarily cultured MAECs was attenuated by 37.6％ and 39.2％ in aged rats (1.71±0.18 and 1.06±0.03) respectively as compared with non-elder rats (2.72±0.39 and 1.75±0.06).The expressions of SOCE's components Orai 1 and STIM 1 in MAECs were decreased obviously in aged rats than in non elder rats.Conclusions SOCE of MAECs and SOCE-induced vasodilation are significantly attenuated in aged rats.The decreased expression level of Orai 1 and STIM 1 may contribute to this alteration.

Objective to observe the effect of lung and spleen mixture on lung spleen deficiency AECOPD with Ⅱ respiratory failure of TCM symptoms integral,nutrition,blood gas and related indicators.Methods in accordance with AECOPD with Ⅱ type of respiratory failure need to use the noninvasive or have a respirator assisted ventilation,and conform to the type of TCM for patients with spleen-deficiency type,40 cases were divided into two groups,control group to the conventional western medicine therapy and Chinese medicine group on the basis of western medicine treatment for reasons of Yifeijianpi mixture,oral or tube feeding,a week for a period of treatment,observation of patients before and after treatment of TCM symptoms and physical signs integral,APACHE Ⅱ score,serum albumin,pre-albumin,neutrophil percentage,CRP and blood gas analysis and related indicators was conducted.Results The results show that the TCM group can improve the patients' TCM symptoms and physical signs integral,there was significant difference between the two groups after treatment (P＜ 0.05);compare the serum albumin,pre-albumin,transferrin,neutrophil percentage,CRP and arterial blood gas between two groups of patients after treatment,Chinese medicine group is superior to the control group,with statistical significance (P＜ 0.05);And compared with control group,the APACHE Ⅱ improvement situation of Chinese medicine group were superior to control group after the treatment after a week,with statistical significance (P＜ 0.05).Conclusion on the basis of using conventional western medicine treatment,treatment based on the theory of ridging raw gold formulae of Yifeijianpi mixture has good effect in the treatment of AECOPD combined type Ⅱ respiratory failure,and can improve the nutritional status of patients and the indicators of arterial blood gas analysis.

Objection To observe the change rules of quantity and species of diatom sin Hunhe River in Shenyang and to provide technology and scientific evidence for drow ning identification and the location of drow ning in forensic investigation. Methods In 2011, different locations for collecting water sam pleswere chosen in Hunhe River in Shenyang. Water sam pleswere collected and variation of quantity and species of diatom swere observed every month. And variation of dom inant species of diatom swas ob-served every week. Results The quantity, speciesand dom inant species of diatom sin Hunhe River in Shenyang varied with different tim eand locations. The quantity and species of diatom swere lowest from Decem ber to February and gradually increased, reaching peak in May and second peak in October, and then gradually decreased. The dom inant species of diatom s varied significantly adjacent two weeksat same location from April to N ovem ber, but had little changesat different locationsin same week from July to August. Conclusion The change rules of quantity and species of diatom sare com plicated and affected by various factors such as environm ent and hydrology. The change rules of speciesand quantity of diatom s should be considered in forensic investigation of drow ning identification and the lo-cation of drow ning.

Objective To develop a Gd-based MR probe containing arginine-glyeine-aspartic acid (RGD)motif to reveal integrin avβ3 receptor-expressed tumor.Methods Commercially available HYNICRGD conjugate with co-ligand EDDA was labeled with GdCl3,and the mixture was isolated and purified by solid phase extract(SPE)to get the entire probe Gd-EDDA-HYNIC-RGD.Human HCC cell line BEL-7402 was cultured and the cells harvested and suspended then subcutaneously inoculated into athymic nude mice for tumor growth.In vitro cell binding assay to integrin avβ3 receptor and cell viability experiments were conducted.Then in vivo,imaging of the three arms of xenografts were performed by MR scan with a dedicated animal coil at baseline and time points of 0.30,60,90 mninutes and 24 hour post-intravenous injection(P.i.) via the tail vein.Three arms of nude mice then were sacrificed for histological examination to confirm the imaging results.Results Gd-EDDA-HYNIC-RGD was successfully isolated by SPE and validity was verifled on signal enhancement througll in vitro and in vivo experiments.The T1 relaxation rate of the probe is 3.31 mmol/s:It is well tolerated to living cells when the concentration of the probe is below 0.1 μmol/ml;both BEL-7402 Hunlan Hepatocellular Carcinoma cell Iine and the tumor expressed avβ3receptor;The RGD-iigand was observed specificly binding with avβ3 receptor in vitro;The nude mice model bearing HHCC was well estabhshed.The signal intensity(SI)at the tumor site were 2247.6±39.0 at baseline and 2820.9±35.2 at 90 min p.i.respectively,the SI at 90min increased less than 25%of baseline,which is statistically different(t=-38.031,P＜0.05);while the SI at muscle site were 1824.2±32.8 and 1845.8±27.2 respectively,which is not statistically different(t=-1.424,P＞0.05);The signal to time curve for probe-administrated group is straightforward over time in the span of 0 to 90 minute p.i.while the control arms do not show such tendency.Conclusion Gd-EDDA-HYNIC-RGD has the potential to used as an MR probe detecting integrin avβ3 receptor-expressed tumor.This work may offer possibility of early detection and differentiation of specific tumors.

Clinical data of 129 young pafienm with lung cancer were analyzed retrospectively.Adenocarcinoma was the main pathologic type of lung cancer(n=62,48.1%),followed by undifferentiated small cell carcinoma(n=35,27.1%),squamous carcinoma(n=20,15.5%).Forty four cases were misdiagnosed at first consultation with a misdiagnosis rate of 34.1%.To avoid misdiagnosis seems to be the key issue for improvement of prognosis in young patients with lung cancer.

Objective To investigate the role of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor (GABAAR) in lung tissues in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury in rats.Methods Thirty-two male Wistar rats,aged 8 weeks,weighing 200-230 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =8 each) ∶ control group (group C),group LPS,GABA pretreatment + LPS group (group GABA) and GABAAR antagonist bicuculline pretreatment + LPS group (group BIC).Acute lung injury was induced by intravenous LPS 5 mg/kg in groups LPS,GABA and BIC,while the equal volume of normal saline was given in group C.GABA 50 mg/kg and bicuculline 10 μmol/kg were injected intraperitoneally 30 min before LPS injection in GABA and BIC groups,respectively.Arterial blood samples were collected at 6 h after LPS injection for measurement of arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2).The animals were then sacrificed and lungs removed for determination of W/D lung weight ratio,GABAAR expression,contents of interleukin-6 (IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in lung tissues and for microscopic examination.Results Compared with group C,PaO2 was significantly decreased in the other three groups,and W/D lung weight ratio,TNF-α,IL-6 and MDA contents were significantly increased,GABAAR expression was up-regulated,and SOD activity was decreased in groups LPS and GABA (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group LPS,W/D lung weight ratio,TNF-α,IL-6 and MDA contents were significantly increased,GABAAR expression was up-regulated,and SOD activity was decreased in group GABA (P ＜ 0.05),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group BIC and in PaO2 in groups GABA and BIC (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion GABAA R in lung tissues is involved in the development of acute lung injury induced by LPS.