Child ; Child Behavior Disorders ; etiology ; Child, Preschool ; Encephalitis ; complications ; metabolism ; virology ; Enterovirus ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Nerve Growth Factors ; metabolism ; S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit ; S100 Proteins ; metabolism

ObjectiveTo improve the visualization of anteromedial and posterolateral bundles of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and investigate the optimal MRI plane for the bundles at a 3.0 T MR scanner.MethodsMR images of 149 knee joints were reviewed retrospectively.Display rates of AMB,PLB and their different parts (the top portion,the middle portion and the low portion) on MR different planes including axial,sagittal and coronal planes were analyzed and their differences were compared with the x2 section method.ResultsThere was no statistical difference in the display rates of two bundles of ACL between axial plane ( 115/149,77.2％ ) and coronal plane (103/149,69.1％ ) (x2 =2.4606,P ＞0.0125 ).Statistical differences were found between axial and sagittal plane,coronal plane and sagittal plane (21/149,14.1％ ) ( x2 =119.5138,92.8695 respectively,P ＜0.0125 ).There was a statistical difference for the top portion of ACL between axial plane ( 104/149,69.8％ ) and coronal plane,sagittal (0/149,0)and coronal planes ( 7/149,4.7％ ) ( x2 =135.081,159.7526 respectively,P ＜ 0.0125 ),between sagittal and coronal planes (x2 =7.1684,P ＜ 0.0125 ).For the middle portion of ACL,there was no statistical difference between axial plane ( 108/149,72.5％ ) and coronal plane (94/149,63.1％ ) (x2 =3.0120,P ＞ 0.0125 ),while statistical differences were found between axial and sagittal plane,coronal planes and sagittal plane ( 10/149,6.7％ ) ( x2 =134.7454,104.2173 respectively,P ＜ 0.0125 ).For the low portion of ACL,there was no statistical difference between axial plane ( 103/149,69.1％ ) and coronal plane (101/149,73.8％ ) (x2 =0.8065,P ＞0.0125),while statistical differences were detected between axial and sagittal plane,coronal planes and sagittal plane ( 18/149,12.1％ ) ( x2 =100.5300,115.9132,P ＜ 0.0125 ). The different parts of ACL displayed low intensity on different MR planes and normal morphology.ConclusionsACL can be displayed on conventional MR planes at a 3.0 T MR scanner to some extent.Axial and coronal planes might be the optimal MRI planes for ACL and its two bundles.

Objective To investigate the role of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor (GABAAR) in lung tissues in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury in rats.Methods Thirty-two male Wistar rats,aged 8 weeks,weighing 200-230 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =8 each) ∶ control group (group C),group LPS,GABA pretreatment + LPS group (group GABA) and GABAAR antagonist bicuculline pretreatment + LPS group (group BIC).Acute lung injury was induced by intravenous LPS 5 mg/kg in groups LPS,GABA and BIC,while the equal volume of normal saline was given in group C.GABA 50 mg/kg and bicuculline 10 μmol/kg were injected intraperitoneally 30 min before LPS injection in GABA and BIC groups,respectively.Arterial blood samples were collected at 6 h after LPS injection for measurement of arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2).The animals were then sacrificed and lungs removed for determination of W/D lung weight ratio,GABAAR expression,contents of interleukin-6 (IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in lung tissues and for microscopic examination.Results Compared with group C,PaO2 was significantly decreased in the other three groups,and W/D lung weight ratio,TNF-α,IL-6 and MDA contents were significantly increased,GABAAR expression was up-regulated,and SOD activity was decreased in groups LPS and GABA (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group LPS,W/D lung weight ratio,TNF-α,IL-6 and MDA contents were significantly increased,GABAAR expression was up-regulated,and SOD activity was decreased in group GABA (P ＜ 0.05),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group BIC and in PaO2 in groups GABA and BIC (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion GABAA R in lung tissues is involved in the development of acute lung injury induced by LPS.

Objective To develop a Gd-based MR probe containing arginine-glyeine-aspartic acid (RGD)motif to reveal integrin avβ3 receptor-expressed tumor.Methods Commercially available HYNICRGD conjugate with co-ligand EDDA was labeled with GdCl3,and the mixture was isolated and purified by solid phase extract(SPE)to get the entire probe Gd-EDDA-HYNIC-RGD.Human HCC cell line BEL-7402 was cultured and the cells harvested and suspended then subcutaneously inoculated into athymic nude mice for tumor growth.In vitro cell binding assay to integrin avβ3 receptor and cell viability experiments were conducted.Then in vivo,imaging of the three arms of xenografts were performed by MR scan with a dedicated animal coil at baseline and time points of 0.30,60,90 mninutes and 24 hour post-intravenous injection(P.i.) via the tail vein.Three arms of nude mice then were sacrificed for histological examination to confirm the imaging results.Results Gd-EDDA-HYNIC-RGD was successfully isolated by SPE and validity was verifled on signal enhancement througll in vitro and in vivo experiments.The T1 relaxation rate of the probe is 3.31 mmol/s:It is well tolerated to living cells when the concentration of the probe is below 0.1 μmol/ml;both BEL-7402 Hunlan Hepatocellular Carcinoma cell Iine and the tumor expressed avβ3receptor;The RGD-iigand was observed specificly binding with avβ3 receptor in vitro;The nude mice model bearing HHCC was well estabhshed.The signal intensity(SI)at the tumor site were 2247.6±39.0 at baseline and 2820.9±35.2 at 90 min p.i.respectively,the SI at 90min increased less than 25%of baseline,which is statistically different(t=-38.031,P＜0.05);while the SI at muscle site were 1824.2±32.8 and 1845.8±27.2 respectively,which is not statistically different(t=-1.424,P＞0.05);The signal to time curve for probe-administrated group is straightforward over time in the span of 0 to 90 minute p.i.while the control arms do not show such tendency.Conclusion Gd-EDDA-HYNIC-RGD has the potential to used as an MR probe detecting integrin avβ3 receptor-expressed tumor.This work may offer possibility of early detection and differentiation of specific tumors.

Clinical data of 129 young pafienm with lung cancer were analyzed retrospectively.Adenocarcinoma was the main pathologic type of lung cancer(n=62,48.1%),followed by undifferentiated small cell carcinoma(n=35,27.1%),squamous carcinoma(n=20,15.5%).Forty four cases were misdiagnosed at first consultation with a misdiagnosis rate of 34.1%.To avoid misdiagnosis seems to be the key issue for improvement of prognosis in young patients with lung cancer.

Objective To understand healthcare-associated urinary tract infection (HA-UTI)and pathogens causing HA-UTI in intensive care unit (ICU)patients,so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of HA-UTI. Methods Targeted surveillance data about HA-UTI in 32 hospitals in 2013 were analyzed.Results A total of 23 680 ICU patients were monitored,157 cases of HA-UTI occurred,HA-UTI rate was 0.66%;the usage rate of urinary tract cathe-ter was 80.83%,catheter-associated UTI was 1.25‰.A total of 162 pathogenic strains were detected,the percentage of fungi,gram-negative bacteria,and gram-positive bacteria was 40.74% (n=66);31.48 % (n=51),and 27.78% (n=45)respectively.Conclusion The main pathogens causing HAI-URI are fungi,comprehensive intervention measures should be taken to control HA-UTI in ICU patients.

Objective To investigate the effects of the site for access to internal jugular vein (lateral versus anterior),lying position of patients (supine versus Trendelenburg),and head rotation (0°,20°,and maximum) during central venous catheterization on the location depth and cross-sectional area (CSA) of the right internal jugular vein (IJV).Methods Fifteen healthy volunteers were recruited in this prospective observational study from September 2008 to October 2008.Healthy volunteers were placed in flat supine position and 15°.Trendelenburg position separately.In each position,IJV were measured ultrasonographically from lateral site and anterior site with the head oriented at 0°,20°,and maximum rotation separately.Data of measured CSA and location depth of internal jugular vein in different positions were compared.Results The largest CSA (2.16 ±0.89) cm2 and location depth [(1.38 ± 0.43)cm] were occurred at the lateral approach in Trendelenburg position with head oriented at maximum rotation.The CSA in Trendelenburg position was larger than that in flat supine position.Only at the maximum head rotation,lateral approach got statistically larger CSA.The effects of head rotation varied with different degrees of rotation.Conclusions Site of approach,lying position and head rotation had noticeable effects on internal jugular vein cross-sectional area.Trendelenburg position increased the CSA of IJV.

0.05).There was remarkable low signal intensity on T2-weighed imaging and no evident artifacts for molecular probe when the concentration of Fe2+ was 20 mg/L.The least number of labeled cells detected by MR in vitro was 6?106 when the concentration of Fe2+ was 20 mg/L.Conclusion:Molecular probe,SPIO-OCT,can effectively label breast cells which express SSTR.The reasonable Fe2+ concentration of labeled cells and imaging was 20 mg/L.There is a correlation between MR signal intensity in vitro and the number of labeled cells.

Objection To observe the change rules of quantity and species of diatom sin Hunhe River in Shenyang and to provide technology and scientific evidence for drow ning identification and the location of drow ning in forensic investigation. Methods In 2011, different locations for collecting water sam pleswere chosen in Hunhe River in Shenyang. Water sam pleswere collected and variation of quantity and species of diatom swere observed every month. And variation of dom inant species of diatom swas ob-served every week. Results The quantity, speciesand dom inant species of diatom sin Hunhe River in Shenyang varied with different tim eand locations. The quantity and species of diatom swere lowest from Decem ber to February and gradually increased, reaching peak in May and second peak in October, and then gradually decreased. The dom inant species of diatom s varied significantly adjacent two weeksat same location from April to N ovem ber, but had little changesat different locationsin same week from July to August. Conclusion The change rules of quantity and species of diatom sare com plicated and affected by various factors such as environm ent and hydrology. The change rules of speciesand quantity of diatom s should be considered in forensic investigation of drow ning identification and the lo-cation of drow ning.

Objective To investigate principles of acupoint selection for the ancient acupuncture and moxibustion treatment of facial paralysis.Methods The ancient literature about acupuncture and moxibustion was collected and reviewed from the pre-Qin period to the late Qing Dynasty. According to the data selection criteria, acupuncture and moxibustion prescriptions of facial paralysis were collected and input into an ancient acupuncture and moxibustion prescription database. By use of frequency analysis and factor analysis, the principles of acupoint selection were obtained.ResultsTotally 257 prescriptions were collected which involve 74 acupoints. Through frequency analysis, 19 acupoints were obtained whose frequencies were equal or greater than 9, such as Dicang (ST 4), Jiache (ST 6), Tinghui (GB 2), Shuigou (GV 26), Hegu (LI 4), etc. Through factor analysis of acupoint variables, 6 common factors were obtained.Conclusion Based on analysis of the common factors, the principles of acupoint selection are summarized which were according to meridian, part and etiology for the ancient acupuncture treatment of facial paralysis. The results could provide a reference for clinical acupuncture and moxibustion treatment. It is feasible that factor analysis was applied to study principles of acupoint selection for acupuncture and moxibustion prescriptions.