Autonomic dysreflexia (AD) is a condition of abnormal sympathetic response,which generally occurs in patients with the spinal cord injury (SCI) at levels of T6 and above.AD usually occurs owing to the excessive reaction of the sympathetic nervous system to the adverse stimulus.Since AD can result in fatal complications,such as epilepsy,apnea,heart infarction,acute intracranial hypertension and cerebral hemorrhage,the diagnosis and treatment of AD is very important.This article simply introduces the morbidity,pathogenesis,causative factor,clinical manifestation and treatment of AD by reviewing recent literatures.

With the fast social and economic development ecosystem has been seriously impacted. Country ecotypic sanitary system based on urine diverting Ecosan toilets and biogas Ecosan toilets can make positive contributions to the protection of ecosystem. This paper makes a review on the conception of ecotypic sanitary system the application of two types of ecotypic utilities the effect of ecotyptic sanitary utility and disease prevention and control comprehensive benefit of country ecotypic sanitary system and construction and operations. The results of researches demonstrate that although some valuable achievements have been gained in those fields mentioned above further improvement should be made and the application should be further widened as soon as possible.

BACKGROUND:The establishment of animal pulmonary hypertension models will promote the improvement of clinical diagnosis and treatment on pulmonary hypertension.OBJECTIVE:To analyze and summarize the establishment of animal pulmonary hypertension models.METHODS:The databases of PubMed and CNKI were retrieved with key words of "pulmonary hypertension and animal model".Studies concerning the following aspects were included:using surgery method to prepare animal pulmonary hypertension models;using drug injection method to prepare animal pulmonary hypertension models;animal severe pulmonary hypertension model;pathophysiological comparison between animal models and pulmonary hypertension patients;and drug intervention on animal pulmonary models.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The methods for animal pulmonary hypertension models construction including:Surgical shunt,monoerotatine injection,chronically hypoxic and so on,in addition,the animal several severe pulmonary hypertension models which appeared at distal pulmonary artery neointimal lesion formation was reported.Through continuous improvement,they have provided insights into pathological cellular and molecular signaling pathways.However,how closely any of the models simulate to the cellular and molecular pathobiology of human pulmonary hypertension was poody understood.

Muscle spasticity is one of the common complications in the paraplegic patients who suffer from spinal cord injury (SCI). Spasticity can result in limbs pain, joint contracture and malformation, then affects walking and the capability of keeping the posture in wheelchairs. Moreover, spasticity can increase the incidence rate of heterotopic ossification and fracture and seriously affects patients' daily life and rehabilitation therapy accordingly. There are many kinds of treatments aimed at spasticity at present, such as drug, exercise therapy, physiotherapy, nerve block treatment, operation treatment, and so on. However, single treatment doesn't achieve good effect. So it is common that many kinds of treatments are combined to treat spasticity. This article simply introduces the mechanism, symptom and evaluation of the muscle spasticity after SCI and discusses in full the treatment of the muscle spasticity by reviewing recent literatures.

Athletes ; Humans ; Physical Conditioning, Human ; physiology ; Running ; physiology

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical effect of occupational therapy (OT) on the function of upper limbs and complications in stroke patients with hemiplegia.Methods99 stroke patients were randomly divided into the OT group (52 cases treated with OT and routine rehabilitation) and control group (47 cases treated without OT). Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) and evaluation of hand function were performed before and two months after treatment. The complications of patients in two groups were also compared.ResultsAfter treatment, the functions of upper limbs and hand of patients in the OT group were superior to those in the control group ( P<0.05). The numbers of cases with complications in the OT group were significantly less than that in the control group ( P <0.01).ConclusionOT can improve the functions of upper limbs and hand and abate complications in stroke patients.

[Objective]Design the Static Three Dimensional Screw-Plate system(STDSP), bring a new instrument for the treatment of femoral neck fractures, which has good biome chanical features of axial loading and rotation stability and can reestablish the loss of support of the posterior neck of fracture with posterior comminution. [Method]Design the STDSP. To the fracture group,one femur of each pair was randomly selected to be stabilized by STDSP, and the other was fixed by the three cancellous lag screws(TCS). Then the constructions were tested with axial loading or rotation to failure. The intact group were fixed and then taken out with the two methods, then tested with axial loading. [Result] (1)Rotation test: Compare the loads of the same rotation angle and the loads of the same width the anterior gap of the osteotomy open, STDS group is bigger than TCS group(PTCS group (P

Objective To study the correlation between organizational commitment of nurses and their intention to drop out. Methods Toally 304 contract nurses were recruited in this investigation. The questionnaires including demographic data, scale of organizational commitment and intention to drop out scale were used. Results The score of intention to drop out was 16.94 ± 2.16. The score on organizational commitment was 71.19 ± 6.65. There was a positive correlation between intention to drop out and organizational commitment among the contract nurses. Conclusions Improving contract nurses′organizational commitment can be an effective mean to reduce contract nurses′intention to drop out. It is an important means to promote the development of the nurse team and provide a reference for the scientific development of nursing.

With the development of the medical imageology, the lumbar pain resulted from vertebral compression of the anterior column can be treated through percutaneous vertebroplasty (PV). PV has some advantages, such as short operative time, definite pain release, less complications and better security. However, there are some indications and contraindications in PV. PV can reach the prospective effect after handling these indications and contraindications. The authors reviewed the predominance, anatomy, indications, contraindications, assessment before the operation, operative methods, complications of PV in this article.

Objective:To explore the relationship between ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) before mechanical ventilation in patients with malignant tumors.Methods:A retrospective nested case-control study was conducted. Patients with malignant tumor treated by mechanical ventilation admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University from February 2015 to February 2020 were enrolled. The patients with VAP were selected as the case group, and the matched non-VAP cases were selected according to 1∶2 as the control group. The clinical data were collected, and the differences of each index between the two groups were compared. The influencing factors of VAP in patients with malignant tumor were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression.Results:During the study period, 1 271 patients with malignant tumors were treated with mechanical ventilation, of which 241 cases had VAP, and the incidence of VAP was 18.96%. There were 232 VAP patients in the case group matched 464 non-VAP patients in the control group. The clinical data of age, gender, hospitalization diagnosis, primary tumor, regional lymph node and distant metastasis (TNM) stage, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHEⅡ), complications, duration of mechanical ventilation, hemoglobin (Hb) and serum albumin (Alb) levels were balanced and comparable between the two groups, and the cluster nursing measures were consistent. Compared with the control group, although there was no significant difference in neutrophil count (NEU) and lymphocyte count (LYM) in the case group [NEU (×10 9/L): 3.81±1.07 vs. 3.64±1.05, LYM (×10 9/L): 2.06±0.59 vs. 2.15±0.62, both P > 0.05], NLR was significantly increased (2.07±1.05 vs. 1.89±0.96, P < 0.05), and the hospital stay was significantly longer (days: 24.84±3.81 vs. 13.19±3.98, P < 0.01). NLR, gender, age, APACHEⅡ score, TNM stage, Hb, serum Alb and duration of mechanical ventilation were included in multivariate Logistic regression analysis. The results showed that patients with elevated NLR had higher risk of VAP [odds ratio ( OR) = 1.187, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 1.015-1.387, P = 0.032]. In patients with VAP, NLR was negatively correlated with the time of mechanical ventilation before VAP (r = -0.327, P = 0.000), and positively correlated with the time of treatment with antibiotics after VAP (r = 0.559, P = 0.000). Conclusion:Elevated NLR in patients with malignant tumors who were on mechanical ventilation can significantly increase the risk of VAP and increase the difficulty of treatment.