Toll-like receptors are an important pattern recognition receptors that recognize specific components of microbes and certain host molecules.Through initiated cell signaling pathway,they can induce immunocyte.Their activation triggers the innate immune response,and is crucial to the successful induction of Th1/Th2-phenotyped adaptive immunity.This review will give a brief overview of our current knowledge of TLRs as key components in immune responses and their regulation in respiratory tract diseases such as asthma.

Objective To study the efficiency of large dose intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG) in decreasing incidence of asthma following bronchiolitis.Methods One hundred and sixty-eight children with bronchiolitis were chosen to use different treatment plans,81 children receiving large dose of IVIG[ 0.4 g/(kg?d)] daily,on the basis of routine treatment for 5 days,while other 87 children were reserved as control group receiving routine treatment only,which were followed up 5 to 10 years.Results After following up 5 to 10 years,only 17 cases in 81 patients with bronchiolitis receiving large dose IVIG developed into asthma.However,46 cases in control group developed into asthma.The incidence of asthma was 20.99% and(52.87%) in two groups,respectively,showing significant(differe-)nce between them(P

Objective To observe the incidence of bronchial asthma thereafter by 3 to 10 years′ follow-up of 280 children with bronchio-litis and analyze the correlation factors affecting the development of asthma.Methods Two hundred and eighty children with bronchitis were chosen and treated from Jan.1995 to Dec.2002,220 males,and 60 females.The review research and clinical revisits were carried out to investigate and analyze the subjects in terms of whether receiving large dose of intravenous injection immunoglobulin(IVIG) treatment or not,whether getting vaccinated with bacille calmette guerin(BCG)as planed or not,whether having asthma family history and the allergic physique or not,the way of feeding,and so on.Results The rate of asthma was 29.29%(82/280),and the incidence of asthma was significantly lower in children with administering the large dose of IVIG,vaccinating BCG vaccine as planed,having no allergic physique,having no asthma family history or breast feeding than those without administering the large dose of IVIG,vaccinating BCG vaccine as planed,brest feeding,with allergic physique,asthma family history(Pa

The optic-fiber sensor technology combined with near-infrared diffuse reflection spectroscopy was applied to directly analyze Peganum harmala and identify different origin of P. harmala on the basis of principal component analysis, clustering analysis, SIMCA method, which resulted in the establishment of a new method to rapidly and nondestructively identify the origin of P. harmala. The original full wavelength spectrum for principal component analysis and the score of first two principal components can distinguish four origins of P. harmala basically. In the wavelength range of 866-2,507 nm, MSC as pretreatment method to establish the best model of clustering analysis to forecast the samples with the accuracy of 91.67%, can distinguish the four origins of P. harmala while in the wavelength of 1,085-2,507 nm, normalization method as pretreatment methods to establish a best model of SIMCA to forecast the sample, all the samples except for the changji sample have been identified with a total recognition rate of 97.22%. The results show that using near infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy combined with SIMCA is the best method that can be effectively used to identify the P. harmala.
Cluster Analysis ; Models, Theoretical ; Peganum ; chemistry ; Principal Component Analysis ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ; methods

Abstract?AlM: To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal injection with Ranibizumab combined with sub-Tenon injection with Triamcinolone acetonide ( TA ) for macular edema ( ME) due to central retinal venous occlusions ( CRVO) .?METHODS:Forty-six patients (46 eyes) were diagnosed ischemic CRVO with significant macular edema by fundus fluorescence-angiography ( FFA ) and optical coherence tomography ( OCT ) . All the patients had panretinal photocoagulation ( PRP ) , a week after the four times therapies. Twenty-three patients ( 23 eyes ) in group A were randomly chosen to receive intravitreal injection with ranibizumab ( lVR ) , another 23 patients ( 23 eyes ) in group B to treat with both lVR and sub-Tenon injection with TA ( PSTT ) . There was no significant difference on macular edema and best corrected visual activity ( BCVA) between the two groups. The changes in BCVA and central macular thickness ( CMT) before and 1wk; 1, 3, 6mo after treatments were analyzed.?RESULTS: One week after the treatment: the BCVA increased while the CMT decreased compared with that of pretreatment in groups A and B (P<0. 05). BCVA and CMT changes between two groups were statistically significant differences (P<0. 05). One month and three months after the treatment:the BCVA increased while the CMT decreased compared with that of pretreatment in group A and B (P<0. 05), the difference was significant between two groups ( P< 0. 05 ). Six month after the treatment:the BCVA increased while the CMT decreased compared with that of pretreatment in groups A and B. Compare BCVA difference between the groups was statistically significant change (P<0. 05), CMT difference was not statistically significant (P>0. 05).?CONCLUSlON:Not only lVR can decrease ME caused by CRVO and increase the BCVA, but also lVR combined with PSTT can. But combined therapies can be more rapidly and have more positive effect on decreasing the ME and protecting the visual function.

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) on hematopoietic system in rats.

METHODSThirty male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 10): control group, high dose group (10 mg/kg · d), low dose group (5 mg/kg · d), The rats in experimental group were intravenous injected with GQDs for 28 days and those in control group were injected with normal saline at the same volume. Routine blood and the function of liver and kidney were detected by instrument analysis. The cycle and apoptosis of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMCs) were detected by FCM. The other three only healthy male SD rat bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMCs) were cultured by joining GQDs for 24 h, 48 h,72 h in vitro, the proliferation was assayed by CCK-8, the content of granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) from cultural supernatants were detected by ELISA.

RESULTSThe amount of red blood cell and concentration of hemoglobin from experimental group were increased significantly compared with those of control groups (P < 0.05), the concentration of triglyceride and high density lipoprotein were decreased. DNA synthesis period was prolonged (P < 0.01), there was no significant difference in apoptosis. BMCs were promoted proliferation clearly after using GQDs for 72 h (P < 0.05). The content of GM-CSF was increased (P < 0.01) .

CONCLUSIONGQDs may promote hematopoietic function in rats.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Bone Marrow Cells ; drug effects ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ; metabolism ; Graphite ; pharmacology ; Hematopoiesis ; drug effects ; Male ; Quantum Dots ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To explore the environmental risk factors,periconceptional folate intake and methylenetetrahydrofolate reduetase(MTHFR) gene C667T polymorphism of pregnant women on congenital heart diseases(CHD) in offspring.Methods Retrospective case-control study was carried out to investigate periconceptional folate supplementation and environmental factors in 98 parents with CHD offsprings and 101 parents with normal offsprings.The mothers'MTHFR gene C667T mutation was also identified.The possible risk factors were analyzed by simple and multiple factors Logistic regression methods.Results Six factors were related to the occurrence of CHD in the offspring:education of gestation mother,no prenatal examination,under depressed or nervous condition during pregnancy and maternal exposures to harmful substance;periconceptional folate and compound vitamin supplementation were protection factors.There were significant difference between case and control group in folate supplement(P

blossam.This can be used as reference for cultivating and application of Lonicara Japonica.

Objective To analyze the value of three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) reconstruction imaging for the diagnosis and treatment of congenital scoliosis. Methods 76 patients with congenital scoliosis were examined with X-ray of total spine and three-dimensional CT reconstruction, and the results were analyzed. Compared with X-ray film, the findings with the CT imaging were classified into three groups: Group Ⅰ, no supplementary useful information was obtained; Group Ⅱ, further confirmation of findings which were unclear or ambiguous on X-ray film, with improved visualization and comprehension of the type of the deformity; Group Ⅲ, substantial new information was obtained. Results Group Ⅰ: 11 (14.5%) patients, without supplementary useful information obtained with three-dimensional CT reconstruction imaging. The patients aged from 2 to 16 years(11.00?10.09 years), and the Cobb angle ranged from 28? to 102?(55.60??21.06?). Group Ⅱ: 49 (64.5%) patients, with confirmatory finding or improved visualization and comprehension of the previously identified deformities obtained with CT imaging. The 49 patients aged from 4 to 28 years (13.53?4.47 years), and the Cobb angle ranged from 20? to 115? (55.41??23.44?). Group Ⅲ: 16 (21%) patients, with substantial new information obtained with CT reconstruction images which was unrecognized with X-ray film. The patients aged from 6 to 16 years (12.88?2.68 years),and the Cobb angle ranged from 37? to 145?(73.19??28.18?). The difference of age of patients between 3 groups was of no significance (P=0.052), but the difference of Cobb angle between 3 groups was significant statistically (P=0.039). Conclusion Three-dimensional and multiplanar reformatted CT imaging allows better visualization and understanding of the deformities of scoliosis, and supplementary useful information may be obtained which was obscure or unrecognized with X-ray film, especially for patients with severe deformities. Its application in clinical practice may contribute to the diagnosis of the type of deformity and the segments involved, as well as the individualized operative planning.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the most common cause of invasive disease,such as bacteremia,meningitis,and empyema,et al.But there has significant difference on the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease among different regions and differernt groups of people.In addition the severity and mortality of invasive pneumococcal disease are closely related to the changes of serotypes,virulence of streptococcus pneumoniae and also the human immune response.The pneumococcal vaccination is an important measure to prevent streptococcus pneumoniae infection,providing good protection to vaccinees and createing herd immunity effect.This article briefly describes the pathogenesis,risk factors and preventive strategies of invasive pneumococcal disease.