Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the most common cause of invasive disease,such as bacteremia,meningitis,and empyema,et al.But there has significant difference on the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease among different regions and differernt groups of people.In addition the severity and mortality of invasive pneumococcal disease are closely related to the changes of serotypes,virulence of streptococcus pneumoniae and also the human immune response.The pneumococcal vaccination is an important measure to prevent streptococcus pneumoniae infection,providing good protection to vaccinees and createing herd immunity effect.This article briefly describes the pathogenesis,risk factors and preventive strategies of invasive pneumococcal disease.

Objective To set up a stable and reliable method used to identify and control the quality of Oviductas Ranae.Methods Using HPLC method to measure ten batches of Oviductas Ranae samples in order to establish the fingerprint.Chromatographic condition: Dimonsil C 18 column (250 mm?4.6 mm, 5 ?m), the temperature of column is 25 ℃, mobile phase: acetonitrile-H2O (50∶50), analytical time 60 min. Results The HPLC fingerprints of acetone extracts were detected from ten different Oviductas Ranae medicinal materials.Conclusion Under the chromatographic condition, 17 common peaks of correlated position could be detected and used to definite the index peak of Oviductas Ranae.

Objective:To express secreted protein-pgp3 of Chlamydia trachomatis(Ct)plasmid,produce monoclonal antibodies (mAbs)and identify their basic biological characteristics.Methods: Construction pGEX-6p2-pgp3 prokaryotic expression vector,then expressed GST-pgp3 fusion protein in E.coli as antigen used to immune BALB/c mice, spleen cells were fused with SP2/0 mouse myeloma cells.The hybridoma cell lines of screening mAbs were secreted by ELISA,and mAbs specificity,type,class and titer were identified.Results:GST-pgp3 fusion protein was successful expressed,5 strains stable hybridoma cell lines that secreted mAbs were screened out,including 4 strains secreted anti-pgp3 mAbs(P1B3,P2A1,P2B6,P2C2),mAbs type were IgG1/κ,the other strain secretion anti-GST mAbs(P3B4),mAbs type was IgG2b/κ.The titer of P1B3,P2A1,P2B6,P2C2,P3B4 were 1∶6 400,1∶3 200,1∶12 800,1∶6 400 and 1∶6 400 respectively.Conclusion:Successful prepared anti-pgp3 mAbs,and lay a foundation for further study the function of Ct plasmid protein pgp3 and the establishment of Ct detection method.

Objective To compare the accuracy of post-operative pain score ratings using three numerical rating scales(NRS) between the children,nurses and parents.Methods Cognitively intact children aged five to twelve undergoing all surgical procedures were studied.Thirty-one children were included in the study.The numerical rating scale was used to rate the children's pain by the children,nirses and parents on arrival to the PACU and prior to discharge.Results We found strong correlations between children's,parent's and nurses' pain scores on admission and discharge from PACU.The intraclass correlation coefficient of pain scores reported by children and parents was 0.948(95％CI,0.897～0.975) and 0.938(95％CI,0.877～0.970).The intraclass correlation coefficient of pain scores reported by children and nurses was 0.961 (95％CI,0.922～0.981),0.972(95％CI,0.944～0.986).The intraclaas correlation coefficient of pain scores reported by parents and nurses was 0.924 (95％CI,0.850～0.963),0.921 (95％CI,0.844～0.961).Conclusions The numerical rating scale appeared to be suitable for younger children.We found strong correlations between pain scores reported by children,nurses and parents using a numerical rating scale.

Objective To investigate the clinical,neuroradiologic characteristics and possible causes in 3 patients with combined developmental venous anomalies (DVAs) and cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM).Methods The clinical examination,magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T1-weighted (T1 WI),T2-weighted (T2WI),susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) or T2 fast field echo (T2 FFE),contrast-enhanced MRI at 1.5 T field strength and digital substrate angiography were performed in 3 patients.Results Three patients presented with the seizure,vertigo,and dizziness respectively.MRI findings of reticulated “popcorn like” lesion with complete hemosiden rim showed typical sign of CCM.DSA,contrast-enhanced MRI and MRI-SWI revealed the caput medusae of the medullary veins and collected veins which was drained into subcortical and deep venous system,which indicated DVAs in 3 patients.The angulated medullary veins and collected veins in approaching distal zone of CCM were observed.Conclusion DVAs can be combined with CCM.The angulated medullary veins and collected veins combined with CCM in same territory reveals that the angioarchitectural factors is a key factor in pathogenesis of cavernous malformation.

The HPLC fingerprint determination method of Jinzhen oral solution was established to provide a new method for quality control of Jinzhen oral solution. RP-HPLC was used for phenomenex Luna C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 μm) chromatographic column, with 0.1% H3 PO4 water solution and acetonitrile as the mobile phase for gradient elution. The detection wavelength was 280 nm. HPLC fingerprint of Jinzhen oral solution was established to identify 17 common peaks in Jinzhen oral solution. The similarity of fingerprints of 10 batches of finished products was more than 0. 90. The established HPLC fingerprint has a better precision, reproducibility and stability, and can be applied in quality control of Jinzhen oral solution.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Quality Control

Carrier Proteins ; Humans ; Inflammasomes ; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein ; Silicosis ; pathology

Objective To evaluate retrospectively the role of 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT associated with MRI in the localization of epileptogenic foci. Methods Sixty-seven patients with medically resistant epilepsy were included from 2003 to 2008. All underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT and MRI for presurgical evaluation as well as post-surgical evaluation 12 to 65 months after operation. Based on postoperative seizure occurrence, patients were divided into two groups. One group was free of seizures ( Engel classification Ⅰ, Group 1) and the other was with postoperative seizure occurrence of any type ( Engel classification Ⅱ-Ⅳ, Group 2). X2-test or Fisher's exact test was used for the statistical analysis. Results About 71.6% (48/67) patients were defined as group 1, and 19 patients were group 2 ( 11 were Engel Ⅱ , 5 were Engel Ⅲ, and 3 were Engel Ⅳ ). In Group 1, no statistically significant difference was found between concordant (45/63) and discordant findings (3/4) with regard to 18F-FDG PET/CT and MRI images (Fisher's exact test, P ＞0.05). For 41 patients that showed focal abnormality both on MRI and 18F-FDG PET/CT, 80.5% (33/41) were found in group 1. For 20 patients that showed focal lesions on MRI while with multi-focal or generalized abnormal metabolism on 18F-FDG PET/CT, 11 (55.0%) were in group 1 and9 (45.0%) were group 2. There was no significant difference (33/41 vs 11/20, X2 =4.34, P ＜0.05 ). Conclusion 18F-FDG PET/CT associated with MRI may offer more helpful information for pre-surgical evaluation and prediction of prognosis of epileptic patients.

To understand the structure of the soluble region of Enterovirus 68 3A protein, we construct a prokaryotic expression vector expressing the soluble region of EV-D68 3A protein, and identify the forms of expression product after purification. The EV-D68 3A(1-61) gene was amplified by PCR and then cloned into the expression vector pET-28a-His-SUMO. The recombinant plasmid was transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 induced by IPTG to express the fusion protein His-SUMO-3A(1-61). The recombinant protein was purified by Ni-NTA Agarose and cleaved by ULP Protease to remove His-SUMO tag. After that, the target protein 3A(1-61) was purified by a series of purification methods such as Ni-NTA, anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromato- graphy. Chemical cross-linking reaction assay was taken to determine the multiple polymerization state of the 3A soluble region. A prokaryotic expression vector pET28a-His-SUMO-3A(1-61) expressing the solution region of EV-D68 3A was successfully constructed and plenty of highly pure target proteins were obtained by multiple purification steps . The total protein amount was about 5 mg obtained from 1L Escherichia coli BL21 with purity > 95%. At the same time, those results determined the homomultimer form of soluble 3A construct. These data demonstrated that the expression and purification system of the soluble region of 3A were successfully set up and provide some basic konwledge for the research about 3A crystal structure and the development of antiviral drugs targeted at 3A to block viral replication.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Enterovirus D, Human ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Sequence Alignment ; Viral Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism

Medical simulation training of US Armed Forces has formed a research , development and organization system, with the DOD as the chief investor and the CSC as the center .The main research fields are Combat Casualty Training Consortium Initiative , Medical Practice Initiative , Patient Focused Initiative and the Developer Tools Initiative . This article analyzes the organizational system ,operation mode ,development of its technology and areas of focus of medical simulation〗training in U.S.Armed Forces using intelligence investigation and intelligence analysis .We can learn from the successful experience of U.S.Armed Forces and combine it with our actual needs in our own development of medical simulation training.