1.Preparation and in vitro characterization of berberine hydrochloride--self-emulsifying microsphere by membrane emulsification technology.
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica 2013;48(4):554-9
This paper reports a new solid self-emulsifying drug delivery system--self-emulsifying microsphere prepared by membrane emulsification technology with the hydrophobic berberine hydrochloride as a model drug. Solubility test and pseudo-ternary phase diagram were employed to select the optimal prescription of liquid self-emulsifying drug delivery system. The self-emulsifying microsphere was prepared by membrane emulsification technology with the solid carrier in a gel formed by sodium alginate and calcium chloride. The results showed that the optimal prescription of liquid self-emulsifying drug delivery system was Capmul MCM/Cremophor RH40/Labrasol/1-2propanediol = 20 : 32 : 32 : 16. The solid self-emulsifying microsphere had average diameter of 10.92 microm, encapsulation efficiency of 32.57% and the droplet size of reconstituted micromulsion of 156.5 nm. Berberine hydrochloride was dispersed in microsphere in non-crystalline form. In vitro release of the self-emulsifying microsphere showed pH response characteristics. These results indicated that the self-emulsifying microsphere prepared by membrane emulsification technology might become a new dosage form for poorly water soluble drugs.
2.Visual outcome after optimized aspheric transition zone laser situ keratomileusis compared to conventional LASIK
Li, XU ; Tao, QIAN ; Yi-Zhuang, LI
International Eye Science 2007;7(3):623-625
AIM: To compare the visual effects of optimized aspheric transition zone Laser in situ keratomileusis (OAT z-LASIK )versus conventional Laser in situ keratomileusis (con. LASIK).METHODS: In a prospective study 44 patients (88 eyes)underwent OAT z -LASIK and 50 patients (92 eyes) received conventional LASIK surgery. Visual acuity,refractions、contrast sensitivity (CS),glare sensitivity (GS), and increment of Q-value after surgery were studied.RESULTS: All of operations on 94 cases were successful without severe complication after 3 months' follow-up. There was no significant difference in term of postoperative refractions between the two groups (t-test,P>0.05). The uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), CS, GS, and increment of Q-value of OAT z group were significantly better compared to the tradition group 3 months after the surgery (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: OAT z - LASIK is a more effective procedure to improve visual quality compared to conventional LASIK.
3.Clinical efficiency of Esomeprazole and Omeprazole triple therapies on gastric ulcer patients complicated with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Clinical Medicine of China 2015;31(5):437-439
Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of esomeprazole or omeprazole triple therapies on gastric ulcer patients complicated with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods Seventy-five patients with Hprelated gastric ulcer and type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled and were randomly divided into group A(n=39)and group B (n =36).Patients in group A were treated with esomeprazole,amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium dispersible tablets,Clindamycin.Patients in group B were treated with omeprasole,amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium dispersible tablets,Clindamycin.Patients in both groups were treated with hypoglycemic therapy.The efficacy and the Hp eradicate rate of the two groups were observed and compared.Results The cure effect in group A was 97.44%(38/39),much better than that of group B(80.56%(29/36);x2=5.598,P=0.025).The Hp eradicate rate in group A was 92.31%,also much better than that of group B(75.00%;x2 =4.172,P =0.041).Conclusion The clinical egicacy and the Hp eradicate rate of esomeprazole triple therapies on gastric ulcer patients complicated with type 2 diabetes mellitus is better than that of omeprazole triple therapies.Esomeprazole triple therapies and it is worthy of being clinically promoted.
4.Corneal sensitivity and dry eye after LASIK
Shan, SANG ; Tao, QIAN ; Yi-Zhuang, LI
International Eye Science 2008;8(10):1987-1991
AIM: Firstly to evaluate the changes of corneal sensation and its effect to dry eye syndrome after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK); secondly to evaluate the relation between the changes of corneal sensation and the laser ablation depth. ·METHODS: 30 patients (60 eyes) had bilateral LASIK with a superior-hinged flap. Every patient underwent preoperative and postoperative (after one week, one month and three months) evaluations, including corneal sensation, Schirmer's basic tear secretion test, tear breakup time (TBUT), corneal fluorescein stainting, and a questionnaire evaluating dry eye obtained from each patient.·RESULTS: Compared with preoperative level, after one week and one month, the difference of corneal sensation was very significant (P< 0.01); after three months, there was no statistical difference (P > 0.05). After one week, there was no statistical difference (P > 0.05) in the subjective dry eye symptoms, after one month, the difference was significant(P=0.025 <0.05) and after three months, the difference was very significant (P=0.001 < 0.01). Compared with preoperative level, the basic tear secretion decreased significantly after one week and one month(P< 0.01), it did not return to the baseline level after three months (P < 0.01). Tear breakup time decreased significantly after the surgery, and after three months, there was still statistical difference compared with preoperative level (P < 0.01); with cornea fluorescence staining, we found corneal epithelial defect was most serious after one month after LASIK, and did not return to the baseline level after three months (P < 0.01). Linear regression analysis and relevant were used to evaluate the relation between the changes of corneal sensation and the laser ablation depth (r=0.798, P < 0.01). ·CONCLUSION: The central corneal sesation decreased noticeable after LASIK, and it recovered three months postoperatively, but the indicators of dry eye syndrome did not return to their preoperative levels following it. We have found that the decreasation of corneal sensation had positive correlation with the laser ablation depth.
5.Influence of Midazolam plus propofol on cognitive function in middle-aged and aged patients after colonos-copy
Qinqin LI ; Nan CHEN ; Tao YANG ; Qiong QIAO ; Yi ZHANG
The Journal of Practical Medicine 2017;33(15):2565-2568
Objective To observe the effect of midazolam plus propofol administered for colonoscopy on cognitive function in middle-aged and aged patients. Methods One hundred and thirty six patients, ASA I and II, aged 40~75 years and undergoing colonoscopy were randomized to propofol group (group P, n=68) and propofol plus midazolam group (group PM, n=68). Baseline cognitive function was measured using Mini mental state exami-nation (MMSE) before anesthesia and the cognitive testing was repeated 10 minutes after emerging from anesthesia. BP, HR, SpO2, analgesic effect and sedative drug doses in both groups were recorded. Procedure time, recovery time and Rasmay sedation score were both recorded. Results Recovery time was significantly longer in group PM than that in group P (P<0.05). The total dose of propofol was significantly smaller in group PM than that in group P (P<0.05). MMSE score of both groups decreased, but the incidence of cognitive decline and the level of cognition in group PM were more notable than those of group P (P<0.05). Conclusions Midazolam plus propofol and propo-fol alone administered for colonoscopy could both increase the incidence of cognitive decline, and the effect of the former is more notable, but midazolam added to propofol could reduce the dosage of propofol.
6.Expression of integrin linked kinase in retina with oxygen-induced retinopathy
Zhi, LI ; Yi-qiao, XING ; Tao, HE ; Ke, DU
Chinese Journal of Experimental Ophthalmology 2012;30(4):306-310
BackgroundIt has been well-known that integrin linked kinase(ILK) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neorascularization.But there are few researches to elucidate the relationship between ILK and retinal nevascularization. Objective This study was to explore the expression and significance of ILK on retinal neovascularization and new vessels regression in the oxygen-induced retinopathy(OIR) mouse model. Methods One hundred and twenty-eight 7-day-old C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the normal group and model group.The mice were rose in(75±2)%O2 environment with mother mice together for 5 days and then in normal environment for 5 days to establish the OIR models.The mice in normal group were rose in the normal environment for 21 days.The 17-day-old mice were sacrificed and retinal sections were prepared for histopathological examination and the numbers of the cellular nuclei of vascular endotheliumbreaking retinalinternal limiting membranewere calculated.Retinal sections and sheeting were prepared in 12,14,17 and 21 -day-old mice to examine the formation and regression of new blood vessel using ADP histochemistry staining,and then immunochemistry,real-time PCR and Western-blotting were used to detect the expressions of ILK and its mRNA in retina. ResultsThe numbers of the cellular nuclei of vascular endothelium breaking retinal internal limiting membrane were (45.64 ± 12.17 )in OIR group,and those of the normal group were( 0.35±0.14 )with a significant difference between two groups (t =22.85,P<0.05).Retinal new blood vessel appeared in 14-day mice,and peaked in 17-day mice and then regression in 21-day mice.ILK protein was expressed mainly in retinal ganglion cell layer,inner nuclear layer,inner plexiform layer and photoreceptor layer.Real-time PCR showed that ILK mRNA expressing levels in retina in model group were( 1.00±0.22),(1.85±0.17),(1.58±0.43) and(1.53±0.36) respectively in 12-,14-,17- and 21-day mice.Westernblotting determined that the A value of the ILK/β-actin was increased in 12-,14-,17-day mice and decreased in 21-day mice,and the A values were significantly higher in model group than the control group in various aged mice ( t =2.97,P<0.05 ;t =11.88,P<0.01 ;t =16.84,P<0.01 ;t =13.00,P<0.01 ). ConclusionsThese results indicate a space-time corresponding relation between the expression of ILK and retinal neovascularization.The obvious positive expression of ILK may be highly correlated with retinal neovascularization.
7.A study of the relationship between corneal Q value and selection of aspheric intraocular lens
Xiao-yin, SUN ; Yi-zhuang LI ; Tao, QIAN
Chinese Journal of Experimental Ophthalmology 2013;31(9):875-880
Background Aspheric intraocular lens (IOL) is designed to reduce the spherical aberration of the eye after cataract surgery and to obtain better visual quality.However,the selection of a personalized aspheric IOL is a problem to be solved.Objective This study was to compare the wavefront aberration and quality of vision of patients between the implantation of negative spherical aberration IOL and non-aberration IOL,and to investigate the relationship between corneal Q values and postoperative spherical aberration.Methods One hundred and four eyes of 90 patients with age-related cataract were randomized into two groups.Fifty-two eyes of 46 patients who received a Tecnis Z9001 IOL implantation were assigned as the negative spherical aberration IOL group and 52 eyes of 44 patients who received Akreos AO IOL without aberration were assigned as the non-aberration IOL group.The preoperative corneal Q values were measured and the mean Q value(Q)was computed.Then the patients in the two groups were further divided into 2 subgroups,respectively,based on their Q values were over or below (Q).The corneal Q values,root mean square(RMS) of ocular spherical aberration,coma and total higher-order aberrations(HOAs) for 5 mm diameter pupil,scotopic contrast sensitivity with or without glare at 6 mm pupil diameter were measured 3 months after surgery.Results The pre-and post-operative corneal Q values were insignificantly changed (t =1.447,P =0.151).The spherical aberration in the negative spherical aberration IOL group was(0.059-±0.047)μm,and that in the non-aberration IOL group was(0.110±0.066)μm,with a statistically significant difference between them (t =-4.567,P=0.000).Scotopic contrast sensitivities at intermediate and high frequencies were significantly better in the negative spherical aberration IOL group than in the non-aberration IOL group (t =2.495,t =2.359,P < 0.05).There was no significant difference in coma and HOAs between the two groups after operation (P > 0.05).Weak positive correlations were seen between the pre-and post-operative corneal Q values and spherical aberration in the two groups(r=0.277,0.292,0.285,0.325,all at P<0.05).However,no significant differences were found in spherical aberration,contrast sensitivity and scotopic contrast sensitivity between the different subgroups (P > 0.05).Conclusions Negative spherical aberration IOL has lower spherical aberration and better scotopic contrast sensitivity than non-aberration IOL.The results suggest that it may be not enough to choose the corneal Q value only as the single reference criterion for selection of aspheric IOL.
8.Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for biliary stricture with bile duct stone after liver transplantation
Tao LI ; Yi LU ; Zheng JIN ; Lu CHEN ; Biao GONG
Chinese Journal of Digestive Endoscopy 2017;34(5):343-345
Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of ERCP for biliary stricture with duct stone after liver transplantation.Methods Clinical data of 60 patients undergoing ERCP for biliary stricture with duct stone after liver transplantation between January 2013 and June 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.Results ERCP was successfully performed 78 times in 60 patients.Bile duct stenosis was cured in 24 cases (40%),improvement was observed in 27 cases (45%) and was not obvious in 9 cases (15%).Bile duct stones were successfully removed in 39 patients (65%).Incidence of post-ERCP complications was 13% (8/60),including mild pancreatitis in 1 case,hyperamylasemia in 5 cases,biliary tract infection in 2 cases,which were all resolved after conservative treatment.Conclusion ERCP is a safe and effective treatment for biliary stricture with duct stone following liver transplantation.
9.Correlation between endothelia cells activation and imbalance of cytokines in pulmonary hypertension of congenital heart disease
Tao SHI ; Yi Lü ; Xigang GENG ; Zhaozhi LI
Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2007;19(2):208-211
Objective To explore the correlation between endothelia cells activation and cytokines (ET-1, NO) levels in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH), and to discuss their roles in the development of PH. Methods Twenty patients with simple ventricular septal defect (VSD) were chosen as controls, and 30 patients with PH were studied. Plasma levels of ET-1 and NO were measured by radioimmunoassay or colorimetric method. Before cardiopulmonary bypass was established, the specimens from right lung were fixed with formaldehyde solution, embedded with paraffin and stained by SP immunohistochemistry. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression was measured through the determination of the light density with computer imaging technology. Results Compared with that of the patients with simple VSD, the light density of ICAM-1 and plasma level of ET-1 increased in patients with PH; but plasma level of NO decreased (P<0.05). Positive correlation was observed between ICAM-1 and ET-1/NO (P<0.05). Conclusion Endothelia cells activation and imbalance of ET-1/NO might play an important role in the development of PH.
10.Effects of isoflurance on learning and memory function and receptor for advanced glycation end products expression of hippocampus in rats
Peng LI ; Bin YI ; Tieshan LUO ; Shengchi SHI ; Guocai TAO
Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medicine and Brain Science 2010;19(1):11-14
Objective To explore the effect of isofluranee on receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) expression of hippocampus and learning and memory function in rats. Methods 24-month Sprague-Dawley male rats (n=45) and 4-month Sprague-Dawley male rats (n=45) were randomly divided into six groups with 15 rats each group. Group C1 (aged control group),group C2(adult control group) breath 30% oxygen and air mixed gas; Group S1(single inhalation of isoflurane aged group),Group S2(single inhalation of isoflurane adult group)were anesthetized with 1.5% isoflurane,breath 30% oxygen and air mixed gas for 2h;Group R1(Repeated inhalation of isoflurane aged group), group R2(Repeated inhalation of isoflurane adult group) were anesthetized with 1.5% isoflurane,breath 30% oxygen and air mixed gas 2h a day for three days. Eight rats randomly selected from each group were killed and their hippocampus were immediately isolated for detection of RAGE expression by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR after accomplished treatment 24h. The remained rats' learning and memory function were assessed using Morris water-maze test. Results The results of Morris water-maze test showed that the times of acerossing the original platform and the time consumption of staying the original platform quadrant was shorter in group S1 and group R1,but the escape latency was longer than group C1(escape latency C1 (9.42± 2.63)s,S1(13.20±3.85)s,R1(17.20±3.44)s, F=12.773, P<0.05). In the group R2,the escape latency was longer but the times of accrossing the original platform and the time consumption of staying the original plat-form quadrant was shorter than group C2 (times of accrossing the original platform C1(7.30±2.40), S1(3.90± 2.42),R1(3.44±2.40), F=7.448, P<0.01).To contrast with the group C2,there were no significant differ-enees in spatial probe test in the group S2(P>0.05). The levels of mRNA and protein of RAGE in hippocampus was significantly higher in group S1 and group R1 than group C1(RAGE mRNA expression C1(0.11±0.02),S1 (0.56±0.09), R1(0.73±0.14), F=179.447, P<0.01). To contrast with the group C2, there were no differ-ences found in the levels of mRNA and protein of RAGE in group S1(P>0.05), but it was higher in the group R2 (RAGE mRNA express C2(0.22±0.04), R2 (0.41±0.08), F=40. 209, P < 0. 01). Conclusion Isoflurane can reduce learning and memory function in both aged and adult rats, but aged rats are particularly significant im-pacted. This effect may be induced by the increase of RAGE expression in hippocampas.