Endotoxemia is due to the infection of bacteria or lesions which release a lot of toxins into the blood,or the infusing of large amount of endotoxin-contaminated liquid.It can cause systemic inflammatory response syndrome,sepsis,or multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.Endotoxemia is a common and complex problem in modern emergency medicine.Early diagnosis and timely blocking not only can prevent further infection but also plays a positive role in the prevention and treatment of sepsis and its complications.In recent years,progresses have been made in the treatments of endotoxemia by hemoporfusion.The direct adsorption of endotoxin and inflammatory cytokines in blood can quickly reduce their concentration.This can not only weaken their own activity but also inhibit the release of other harmful cytokines,so as to improve the symptoms of infection.So far,the specific hishaffinity adsorbents having the clinical value are still at the exploratory stage.Although these materials were found effective in the treatments of endotoxemia,in-depth study need to be carried out on their clinical criteria in order to acquiremore satisfied results.

To summarize the operative technique and the clinical value of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in breast cancer,a literature review was made on SLNB. The conclusion is as follows:(1)As compared with blue dye or radioactive tracer, combining the two techniques can increase the positive detection rate and decrease the false-negative rate of the sentinel lymph nodes .(2) Pathological examination by serial sectioning, IHC or RT-PCR increases the detection rate of micrometastases, which is helpful for the accurate clinical staging of auxillary lymph nodes. (3)SLNB is a simple procedure with minimal morbidity and highly predictive value of the status of auxillary lymph nodes.It has emerged as a potential substitute for the routine auxillary lymph node dissection.

Objective:To develop an experimental three-dimensional model by ECV304 cells(human umbilical vein endothelial cell line) for investigating the mechanisms of angiogenesis in vitro.Methods:ECV304 cells were seeded onto three-dimensional collagen gels made of rat-tail collagen.When the endothelial cells were cultured and grown to near confluence,treated with bFGF for 3 to 12 days,and then assessed with inverted phase contrast microscope.Results:The endothelial cells migrated into the gels,formed complex networks by cell cords at different levels through the bottom view,and sprouted capillary-like structures through the side view.Conclusion:ECV304 cells are capable of expressing some early events of angiogenesis in the three-dimensional collagen gels:proliferating,migrating and sprouting and so on.It should be useful for studying angiogenesis in vitro.

Objective The aim of this article was to deeply study the effects of different molecular weight of proteins and different structures of chemical substances on the adsorption specificity of HB-H-6 resin.Methods HB-H-6 resin was adopted to adsorb 5 different molecular weight proteins and different structural chemical substances including proteins,saccharides,human serum albumin (HAS),dextran and lipid,and then underwent static adsorption experiments in vitro.The adsorption rates of different structural chemical substances were analyzed from two experiments and the results were compared.Results The experiment results of HB-H-6 resin adsorption showed that the average adsorption rates of 5 different molecular weight proteins,myoglobin (Myo,16 700),ovalbumin (OVA,44 000),HAS (66 200),β-gal (130 000) and IgG (150 000),were significantly different:(0.00±0.33)％,(8.02± 1.23)％,(43.19±2.31)％,(34.25±1.07)％ and (0.00±0.69)％.In the studies on adsorption of different structural chemical substances,the average adsorption rates of different structural chemical substances proteins,saccharides,lipid were significantly different:the absorption rates of plasma total protein,albumin,globulin,glucose,triglyceride and cholesterol groups were:(11.18±0.72)％,(10.74±0.66)％,(11.74± 1.22)％,(7.17±0.12)％,(1.06± 1.04)％,(3.05± 0.65)％.The absorption rates of HAS and dextran groups were:(43.19±2.31)％ and (5.44±1.46)％.Conclusion In conclusion,the proteins' molecular weight of best adsorption condition is from 66 Ku to 130 Ku.The average adsorption rates of different structural chemical substances proteins,saccharides,lipid are significantly different.The average adsorption rates of proteins are higher than that of saccharides and lipid.It shows that HB-H-6 resin has adsorption specificity on different molecular weight proteins and different structural chemical substances.

Hemoperfusion is a kind of medical device which contacts directly with blood.In the application,fully considering the interaction between the blood and the sorbent material,so as to improve the blood compatibility is particularly important.With the development of medical science,chemistry and biomedical engineering,a variety of new materials of hemoperfusion have been studied and the blood compatibility of hemoperfusion sorbent has also been greatly improved,making the range of hemoperfusion clinical applications increasingly wide.This paper,combining related research results in recent years,reviews the research progress of the hemoperfusion adsorbent's blood compatibility in recent years.

The nano-magnetic ferrofluid was prepared by chemical coprecipitation and its acute toxicology was investigated. The effective diameter (Eff. Diam. ) of the magnetic particles was about 19.9 nm, and the concentration of the ferrofluid was 17. 54 mg/ml. The acute toxic reaction and the main viscera pathological morphology of mice were evaluated after oral, intravenous and intraperitoneal administration of the nano-magnetic ferrofluid of different doses respectively. Half lethal dose (LD50) > 2104. 8 mg/kg,maximum non-effect dose (ED0) = 320. 10mg/kg with oral; LDs,> 438. 50 mg/kg, EDo = 160. 05 mg/kg with intravenous route; and LDso >1578. 6 mg/kg, ED0 = 320. 10 mg/kg with intraperitoneal administration. Degeneration and necrosis of viscera were not found. So the nano-magnetic ferrofluid, of which toxicity is very low, may be used as a drug carrier.
Ferrosoferric Oxide/chemical synthesis ; Ferrosoferric Oxide/*toxicity ; Magnetics ; Nanostructures/*toxicity

This study examined the cytotoxicity of a new implant material modified by microarc oxidation technique. Cells on different surfaces of the implant were evaluated 2, 4 and 6 days after treatment. The results showed that cell attachment, cell morphology, and cell proliferation were influenced by the different surface treatments, and a significant increase in the osteoblast cell activity was observed on the porous MAO-Ti coating. Our results suggest that the porous MAO-Ti surface has a better biocompatibility and electrochemical performance than pure titanium surface.

In this study, in vitro chemosensitivity testing was conducted on primary cultured breast cancer cells from 96 patients with breast cancer, and the results showed that the cells from a few patients with primary breast cancer developed multidrug resistance (MDR) prior to the first chemotherapy exposure. All the cells from the recurrent cancer patients had MDR. The findings suggested that patients having MDR would benefit from high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) regimens. In vitro chemosensitivity screening, which was aimed at improving the therapeutic efficacy and minimizing side effects, helps in choosing individualized treatment for breast cancer.
Antineoplastic Agents/*pharmacology ; Breast Neoplasms/*drug therapy ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor/*methods ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/*drug therapy ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Objective To investigate the clinical significance and biological role of G-protein coupled receptor 49(GPR49) expression in pancreatic carcinoma.Methods GPR49 expression in tumor and adjacent normal tissues of 77 patients with pancreatic cancer was compared by tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry.And then, the GPR49 expression levels in the tumor tissues of patients with different pathological grades and clinical stages were analyzed.GPR49 positive pancreatic cancer cell line CFPAC-1 was taken as cellular model.CFPAC-1 cells were stimulated with roof plate-specific spondin(RSPO)1, the ligand of GPR49, in vitro.The effect of RSPO1 on CFPAC-1 cells proliferation was evaluated with cell counting.The effect of RSPO1 on the expression of membrane molecular CD44 in CFPAC-1 cells was detected by flow cytometry.CFPAC-1 cells incubated with RSPO1 were subcutaneously implanted into nude mice.And then, the time of tumor formation and tumor size were observed.T test and single factor analysis of variance were performed for statistical analysis.Results GPR49 was widely expressed in all 77 pancreatic cancer tissues.By immunohistochemistry, the score of GPR49 expression in pancreatic cancer tissues was 9.0±2.4, which was higher than that of adjacent normal tissues (5.7±2.4), and the difference was statistically significant (t=8.995, P<0.01).There was no correlation between GPR49 expression and tumor sizes, pathological grades, lymph node metastasis, and clinical stages (all P>0.05).The results of experiments in vitro indicated that RSPO1 could promote CFPAC-1 cells proliferation and up-regulate CD44 expression in CFPAC-1 cells.Experiments in vivo demonstrated that after 30 days the tumor volume of mice implanted with RSPO1-pretreated CFPAC-1 cells was (606.0±188.0) mm3, which was larger than that of PBS-pretreated group ((364.2±83.7) mm3), and the difference was statistically significant (t=2.616, P=0.031).Conclusion GPR49 is widely expressed in pancreatic cancer cells and RSPO1/GPR49 pathway has play a role in promoting the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells, which might be a potential target for interfering pancreatic cancer.

AIM: To investigate the effect of single immunoglobin IL-1 receptor related protein (SIGIRR) on damage of alveolar epithelial cells in acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide. METHODS: The acute alveolar epithelial cell injury model was constructed by stimulation of A549 cells with LPS. In order to over-express SIGIRR, the A549 cells were transferred with eukaryotic expression vector containing full length SIGIRR cDNA. The transcriptional activity of NF-κB was measured by dual-luciferase reporter assay system. The concentrations of IL-1β, TNF- α and IL-6 were detected by ELISA. The levels of these inflammatory factors between the transfected cells and untransfected cells were compared. RESULTS: The over-expression of SIGIRR inhibited the transcriptional activity of NF-κB. The increases in IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations in alveolar epithelial cells induced by LPS were observed. CONCLUSION: SIGIRR in alveolar epithelial cells inhibits TLR4 signals triggered by LPS and attenuates the inflammatory reactions in alveolar epithelial cells, which plays a protective role against the acute damage of the alveolar epithelial cells.