To sacrifice the function of the sphincter of Oddi in the routine management of iatrogenic biliary injury,e.g. by using cholangio-enterostomies, is often complicated by ascending biliary infection, cholangitis and an increased risk of cholangiocarcinoma. It is necessary to find a material which can protect the bile duct. As reported, biodegradable materials which are hopeful to be used clinically have the advantages of being non-immunogenic, gives temporary supportive function, and produces harmless degradation products. This article aims to review the advances in researches on biodegradable materials for bile duct repair.

Advanced in medical and surgical management have led to reduce mortality in children with congenital heart disease(CHD).However,more recent and ongoing research had been focused on neurodevelopmental outcome.With the improved survival in children follo-wing surgery for cardiac malformations,increased emphasis had being placed on neurological sequelae,especially on cognitive function.Car-diac surgery couldn't correct cognitive disorder,more and more findings suggested that the cognitive disorder of CHD might be the result of utero injury.J Appl Clin Pediatr,2009,24(1):61-64

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of the combined detection of serum human epididymis protein 4(HE4) ,carbo‐hydrate antigen125(CA125) ,carbohydrate antigen199(CA199) and carbohydrate antigen724(CA724) in the early diagnosis of ovar‐ian cancer .Methods 40 cases of ovarian cancer verified by pathological examination (ovarian cancer group) ,40 cases of ovarian be‐nign tumor (ovarian benign tumor group) and 40 individuals undergoing the physical examination(healthy control group) were se‐lected .The levels of CA125 ,CA199 and CA724 were measured by the electrochemiluminescence method ,the HE4 level was meas‐ured by the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) .The values of single index detection and the combined detection in diag ‐nosing ovarian cancer were analyzed .Results Serum HE4 ,CA125 ,CA199 and CA724 levels and positive rates in the ovarian cancer group were significantly higher than those in the ovarian benign tumor group and the healthy control group (P< 0 .05) .There was no statistical difference between the ovarian benign tumor group and the healthy control group (P> 0 .05) .The positive rate of the combined detection was 92 .5% ,which was significantly higher than the single index detection (P < 0 .05) .In the comparison of HE4 ,CA125 ,CA199 and CA724 single detection ,the sensitivity and specificity of HE4 detection were best .The detection rates of the stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ of ovarian cancer in the combined detection were significantly higher than that in the single index detection (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The combined detection of serum HE4 ,CA125 ,CA199 and CA724 might increase the detection rate of early di‐agnosis of ovarian cancer .

Animals ; Caspase 1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Flurothyl ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; pathology ; Interleukin-18 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Interleukin-1beta ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Seizures ; metabolism ; pathology ; Time Factors ; Up-Regulation

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effects of autolngous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transplantation in the early phase of acute renal ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)injury in rabbits and their impact on tubular epithelial cell apoptosis.Method Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)were isolated and cultured in vitro.Thirty rabbits were divided randomly into transplanted group,control group and sham-operated group,10 in each group.Rabbits of transplanted group were induced acute renal I/R injury by clamping bilateral renal arteries for 90 minutes,then transplanted MSCs labeled with BrdU immediately after the resumption of circulation in kidney.The rabbits of control group were induced acute renal I/R injury and then infused with saline instead.The sharn operated rabbits were transplanted autologous MSCs labeled with BrdU after sham operation.Fortyeight hours after transplantation,all rabbits were sacrificed.Renal functional and structural damage were evaluated.MSCs derived BrdU positive cells were determined by immunostalning.Tubular epithelial cell apoptosis was arialyzed by usign TUNEL.The SPSS version 11.3 Software was used for statistical analysis.ANOVA were used to ana lyze the data of renal function and tubular epithelial cell apoptesis.Data of renal structure darnage were analyzed by using the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test.Results Compared with control group,the renal functional and struc tural darnage were significantly ameliorated(24 h,BUN:F=7.483,Ser:F:15.091;48 h,BUN:F:17.741.Scr:F=61.865;P<0.05),tubular epithelial cell apoptods Wsa reduced significantly in transplanted group(F=135.495,P<0.01).MSCs derived BrdU positive cell were detected in the renal tissues of transplanted rabbits.Conelusiu Autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stern cells transplantation is curative for acute renal I/R injury in rabbits.Bone marrow MSCs might ameliorate renal I/R injury by reducing tubular epithelial cell apoptosis.

The effects of SB203580 (SB) with different concentrations at different time points on renal function, apoptosis, P38MAPK activity and the expression, as well as the P38MAPK substrates in renal ischemia/reperfusion injury were investigated. Forty-nine rats were divided into 7 groups at random (n = 7 in each group) according to the durations of ischemia/reperfusion injury and the time of medication. Based on the orthogonal Latin side, the rats were injected, by caudal vein, with the same volume but different dosages of SB. BUN and Scr were determined. The apoptosis was detected with TUNEL kit. The protein was assayed qualitatively and semi-quantitatively by Western blot. The results showed that SB could significantly reduce the increased Scr and BUN, the apoptosis of renal tubular epithelia and the activation of P38MAPK all caused by renal ischemia/ reperfusion injury in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). And the effect was most predominant when SB was given 3 h before renal ischemia. This suggested that SB could significantly alleviate renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Administration of SB 3 h before ischemia at the concentration of 5 micromol/L could obtain an optimal effect.
Apoptosis/*drug effects ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Imidazoles/*pharmacology ; Kidney/*blood supply ; Kidney/pathology ; Pyridines/*pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury/enzymology ; Reperfusion Injury/*pathology ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/*metabolism

Polysaccharides with multiple biological activities are usually considered as one of the major bioactive compounds in Chinese medicines (CMs). At present, the development of drug and functional foods related to polysaccharides have attracted a great deal of attention due to their great potential effects and diverse action mechanisms. However, quality control of polysaccharides is the bottleneck and a challenge due to their complexity and chemical diversity. Actually, the bioactivities of polysaccharides are closely related to their molecular structures. In order to ensure their safety and efficacy, the development of novel approaches based on the molecular structures for the improvement of quality control of polysaccharides is significantly important. Therefore, in this article, the relationship between biological activities and chemical structures, as well as the action mechanisms of polysaccharides from CMs were summarized first. Furthermore, saccharide mapping, a novel strategy for quality control of bioactive polysaccharides from CMs, was introduced and the application and perspectives were also discussed.
Carbohydrate Sequence ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polysaccharides ; chemistry ; Quality Control

Objective To explore the effect on job competency by reforming Fundamental Nursing courses among undergraduate nursing students.Methods 86 nursing undergraduates in Grade 2011 were recruited as the control group receiving conventional teaching method,while 119 students in Grade 2012 were recruited as the experimental group receiving reform of fundamental nursing courses.The teaching outcomes were evaluated by using Job Competence of Nursing Students Evaluation Form and Medical education environment measurement table.Results The reform of fundamental nursing courses had significantly elevated all the aspects of professional competency among nursing undergraduates (P＜0.01),including personal traits,clinical ability,communication,critical thinking,specialty construction[(35.71 ± 3.82) vs.(33.41 ± 4.77),(55.29 ± 8.29) vs.(43.93 ± 8.68),(22.19 ± 2.71) vs.(19.88 ± 2.96),(16.83 ± 2.85) vs.(14.37 ± 2.71),(37.78 ± 6.31) vs.(32.42 ± 5.72)].Meanwhile,three dimensions of medical education environment for nursing students were also improved,including the student's perception of the teacher,self academic perception,self social perception [(35.23 ±5.72) vs.(31.28 6..22),(21.42 ±4.19) vs.(23.42 ±3.53),(19.44 ± 3.86) vs.(18.19 ± 3.47),t=-4.523、-3.503、-2.308,P＜0.01 or 0.05)].However,there was no significant differences in the aspects of learning perception,environment perception,and the total score of medical education environment (t=-1.866、0.725、-1.705,P＞0.05).Conclusions The professional competence and parts of the teaching environment around the nursing students have been elevated through the reform of Fundamental Nursing course.The reform also laid a solid foundation for the employment of nursing students.

BACKGROUND:Adipose-derived stem cels under osteogenic induction can be combined with biodegradable silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite scaffold, which is expected to develop a new biocompatible and osteogenic bone fusion material. OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite composite on the viability and osteogenic properties of adipose-derived stem cels after osteogenic induction. METHODS:Adipose-derived stem cels were obtained from rat’s fat tissue, then adherently cultured, proliferated and passaged in vitro. Passage 3 cels were cultured in conditioned medium for osteogenic induction, and then seeded onto silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite scaffold as experimental group. Adipose-derived stem cels cultured on the cover glasses at the same condition acted as control group. The celular morphology, proliferation and differentiation were assessed respectively by means of phase contrast microscope, MTT assay and alkaline phosphatase activity measurement. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After osteogenic induction, adipose-derived stem cels could adhere to the scaffold material and proliferate on the surface of silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite scaffold normaly. No significant difference was found in cel proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity between the experimental and control groups (P > 0.05), suggesting the celular activity and function were not affected by the material. These findings indicate that silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite composite material has good cytocompatibility. Subject headings: Silk; Hydroxyapatites; Stem Cels; Adipose Tissue; Biocompatible Materials; Tissue Engineering.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of HO-1 on mast cells degranulation during liver ischemia/reperfusion injury.MethodsSD rats ( n =20) were randomly divided into 4 groups : ( 1 ) sham operation group, (2) ischemia/reperfusion injury group (I/RI group), (3) CoPP group, CoPP was given before 24 h(5 mg/kg), (4) ZnPP group, ZnPP was given before 24 h (20 mg/kg). The rat model of liver ischemia/reperfusion was built. Samples were collected after 2 hours reperfusion. HO-1 mRNA expression was assessed by RT-PCR. The expression of HO-1 protein was assessed by Western blot. Serum ALT, AST levels were determined. The amount of degranulated mast cells were detected by toluidine blue staining. Liver injuries were evaluated by HE staining.ResultsCompared to sham group, liver HO-1mRNA and protein expression, ALT, AST levels, the number of degranulated mast cells significantly increased in I/RI group, CoPP group and ZnPP group. Moreover, liver injuries were more serious. Compared to I/RI group, there were increased HO-1mRNA and protein expression, reduced ALT, AST levels and the number of degranulated mast cells, also reduced liver injuries were found in CoPP group. Compared to I/RI group, the expression of HO-ImRNA and protein was down-regulated, ALT, AST levels elevated and the number of degranulatedmastcellsincreasedaccompanyingmoreseriousliverinjuriesinZnPPgroup.ConclusionsHO-1 overexpression reduces liver ischemia/reperfusion injury, possibly by inhibiting mast cells degranulation in liver tissues.