To sacrifice the function of the sphincter of Oddi in the routine management of iatrogenic biliary injury,e.g. by using cholangio-enterostomies, is often complicated by ascending biliary infection, cholangitis and an increased risk of cholangiocarcinoma. It is necessary to find a material which can protect the bile duct. As reported, biodegradable materials which are hopeful to be used clinically have the advantages of being non-immunogenic, gives temporary supportive function, and produces harmless degradation products. This article aims to review the advances in researches on biodegradable materials for bile duct repair.

Advanced in medical and surgical management have led to reduce mortality in children with congenital heart disease(CHD).However,more recent and ongoing research had been focused on neurodevelopmental outcome.With the improved survival in children follo-wing surgery for cardiac malformations,increased emphasis had being placed on neurological sequelae,especially on cognitive function.Car-diac surgery couldn't correct cognitive disorder,more and more findings suggested that the cognitive disorder of CHD might be the result of utero injury.J Appl Clin Pediatr,2009,24(1):61-64

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of the combined detection of serum human epididymis protein 4(HE4) ,carbo‐hydrate antigen125(CA125) ,carbohydrate antigen199(CA199) and carbohydrate antigen724(CA724) in the early diagnosis of ovar‐ian cancer .Methods 40 cases of ovarian cancer verified by pathological examination (ovarian cancer group) ,40 cases of ovarian be‐nign tumor (ovarian benign tumor group) and 40 individuals undergoing the physical examination(healthy control group) were se‐lected .The levels of CA125 ,CA199 and CA724 were measured by the electrochemiluminescence method ,the HE4 level was meas‐ured by the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) .The values of single index detection and the combined detection in diag ‐nosing ovarian cancer were analyzed .Results Serum HE4 ,CA125 ,CA199 and CA724 levels and positive rates in the ovarian cancer group were significantly higher than those in the ovarian benign tumor group and the healthy control group (P< 0 .05) .There was no statistical difference between the ovarian benign tumor group and the healthy control group (P> 0 .05) .The positive rate of the combined detection was 92 .5% ,which was significantly higher than the single index detection (P < 0 .05) .In the comparison of HE4 ,CA125 ,CA199 and CA724 single detection ,the sensitivity and specificity of HE4 detection were best .The detection rates of the stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ of ovarian cancer in the combined detection were significantly higher than that in the single index detection (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The combined detection of serum HE4 ,CA125 ,CA199 and CA724 might increase the detection rate of early di‐agnosis of ovarian cancer .

Animals ; Caspase 1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Flurothyl ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; pathology ; Interleukin-18 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Interleukin-1beta ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Seizures ; metabolism ; pathology ; Time Factors ; Up-Regulation

The effects of SB203580 (SB) with different concentrations at different time points on renal function, apoptosis, P38MAPK activity and the expression, as well as the P38MAPK substrates in renal ischemia/reperfusion injury were investigated. Forty-nine rats were divided into 7 groups at random (n = 7 in each group) according to the durations of ischemia/reperfusion injury and the time of medication. Based on the orthogonal Latin side, the rats were injected, by caudal vein, with the same volume but different dosages of SB. BUN and Scr were determined. The apoptosis was detected with TUNEL kit. The protein was assayed qualitatively and semi-quantitatively by Western blot. The results showed that SB could significantly reduce the increased Scr and BUN, the apoptosis of renal tubular epithelia and the activation of P38MAPK all caused by renal ischemia/ reperfusion injury in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). And the effect was most predominant when SB was given 3 h before renal ischemia. This suggested that SB could significantly alleviate renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Administration of SB 3 h before ischemia at the concentration of 5 micromol/L could obtain an optimal effect.
Apoptosis/*drug effects ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Imidazoles/*pharmacology ; Kidney/*blood supply ; Kidney/pathology ; Pyridines/*pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury/enzymology ; Reperfusion Injury/*pathology ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/*metabolism

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effects of autolngous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transplantation in the early phase of acute renal ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)injury in rabbits and their impact on tubular epithelial cell apoptosis.Method Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)were isolated and cultured in vitro.Thirty rabbits were divided randomly into transplanted group,control group and sham-operated group,10 in each group.Rabbits of transplanted group were induced acute renal I/R injury by clamping bilateral renal arteries for 90 minutes,then transplanted MSCs labeled with BrdU immediately after the resumption of circulation in kidney.The rabbits of control group were induced acute renal I/R injury and then infused with saline instead.The sharn operated rabbits were transplanted autologous MSCs labeled with BrdU after sham operation.Fortyeight hours after transplantation,all rabbits were sacrificed.Renal functional and structural damage were evaluated.MSCs derived BrdU positive cells were determined by immunostalning.Tubular epithelial cell apoptosis was arialyzed by usign TUNEL.The SPSS version 11.3 Software was used for statistical analysis.ANOVA were used to ana lyze the data of renal function and tubular epithelial cell apoptesis.Data of renal structure darnage were analyzed by using the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test.Results Compared with control group,the renal functional and struc tural darnage were significantly ameliorated(24 h,BUN:F=7.483,Ser:F:15.091;48 h,BUN:F:17.741.Scr:F=61.865;P<0.05),tubular epithelial cell apoptods Wsa reduced significantly in transplanted group(F=135.495,P<0.01).MSCs derived BrdU positive cell were detected in the renal tissues of transplanted rabbits.Conelusiu Autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stern cells transplantation is curative for acute renal I/R injury in rabbits.Bone marrow MSCs might ameliorate renal I/R injury by reducing tubular epithelial cell apoptosis.

Polysaccharides with multiple biological activities are usually considered as one of the major bioactive compounds in Chinese medicines (CMs). At present, the development of drug and functional foods related to polysaccharides have attracted a great deal of attention due to their great potential effects and diverse action mechanisms. However, quality control of polysaccharides is the bottleneck and a challenge due to their complexity and chemical diversity. Actually, the bioactivities of polysaccharides are closely related to their molecular structures. In order to ensure their safety and efficacy, the development of novel approaches based on the molecular structures for the improvement of quality control of polysaccharides is significantly important. Therefore, in this article, the relationship between biological activities and chemical structures, as well as the action mechanisms of polysaccharides from CMs were summarized first. Furthermore, saccharide mapping, a novel strategy for quality control of bioactive polysaccharides from CMs, was introduced and the application and perspectives were also discussed.
Carbohydrate Sequence ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polysaccharides ; chemistry ; Quality Control

Objective To investigate the expression and cellular localization of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) in cerebral cortex after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in rats.Methods Fifty-two male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into either a sham operation group (n =12) or a SAH group (n =40).The latter was randomly redivided into 6,12,24 h,and day 2 and 3 subgroups (n =8 in each group).A rat SAH model was induced by injecting fresh blood into the prechiasmatic cistern.Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of Cdk5 in rat brain cortex.Double labeling immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the cellular localization of Cdk5 protein in cerebral cortex.Neuronal nuclear antigen labeled neurons,and glial fibrillary acidic protein labeled astrocytes.Results Western blot showed that the expression of Cdk5 protein was up-regulated at 12 hours after SAH (t =3.709,P =0.001),and it reached the peak on day 1 (t =3.475,P=0.002).Immunohistochemistry showed that the proportion of Cdk5 positive cell was also increased gradually after SAH,and the changes of time course were consistent with the results of Western blot,and it reached the peak on day 1 (t =4.320,P =0.000).Double labeling immunofluorescence showed that Cdk5 was mainly expressed in the neuronal cytoplasm in the sham operation group,and Cdk5 shifted to the neuronal nuclei in the SAH group.Cdk5 was mainly colocalized between astrocytes and neurons.Conclusions SAH up-regulates the expression of Cdk5 protein in cerebral cortex.Cdk5 may be involved in early brain injury after SAH.

Objective: To investigate changes in species and amounts of intestinal flora after reconstruction of upper digestive tract, and the relationship with the infective complications.Methods: 52 patients with advanced malignancy being performed reconstruction of upper gastrointestinal tract was prospectively observed .The species of bacteria and counts of the colony forming units(CFU) were measured from juice taking from the upper jejunum through nasointestinal tube during operation, the second day and the fifth day after operation. Meanwhile, the plasma endotoxin concentration was determined with the modified chromogenic limulus assay.Results: There weren't significant changes of intestinal flora in species and amounts between groups (P＞0.05.) No any signs of bacterial translocation were seen. There was no significant difference for the level of plasma endotoxin between groups.Conclusion: There is no disorder of intestinal flora and bacterial translocation during the perioperative period after upper digestive tract reconstruction successfully.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of nerve block combined with sequential analgesia in peri-operative knee arthroscopy.Methods Two hundred patients undergoing knee arthroscopy,were performed lumbar plexus and sciatic nerve block anesthesia by nerve stimulator with ultrasound guidance.Celecoxib was combined for sequential analgesia.The vital signs,the effect of anesthesia in the surgery,the duration of postoperative analgesia,and patient's satisfaction to analgesia were observed to evaluate the clinical effects.ResultsThe vital signs of the patients in the surgery were stable,the effect of anesthesia was good,180 cases of excellent,16 cases of good,4 cases of poor.The duration of postoperative analgesia was 6-10 (8.2 ± 0.5) h.Combined with sequential analgesia program,there was high patient's satisfaction [ excellent 75％ (150/200),good 10％ (20/200),general 10％ (20/200),poor 5％ ( 10/200 ) ].Conclusion The nerve block combined with sequential analgesia is safe and effective in knee arthroscopy,it achieves high patient's satisfaction,this maybe a routine in knee arthroscopy.