Objective To study the effects of mobile telephone microwave radiation on learning and memory of young and senile mice. Methods The young(5 months old) and senile(10 months old) male Kunming mice were randomly divided into 2 groups respectively, the control and exposed. The young and senile mice were settled in the environment of the mobile telephone signal shoots station (3 V/m) and exposed to the mobile telephone conversation radiation with two mobile telephones for 5 h/d for 50 consecutive days. The control group was in the environment without microwave radiation (0 V/m). The capability of learning and memory of each group were determined by Morris maze test(the time of finding the flat roof:the latency), the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) in the hippocampus and temporal lobe were measured by spectrophotometry. Results With the increase of training time, no significant decrease of the latency was seen in each group. Compared with the senile control group, the activity of AchE in the hippocampus and temporal lobe of the young control group and the senile radiation group were lower(P

Limb rehabilitation is one of the key issues for improving the quality of life in patients with stroke. Studies have demonstrated that the retention and recovery of active movement of hemiplegic limb have predictive value for the prognosis in acute stroke. The responsible lesion sites and rehabilitation training in the acute phase may be an important factor in influencing the recovery of active movement ability of hemiplegie upper limb. However, there is still lack of a large, multi-center study, and further related studies are needed.

Objective To master the technique of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells differentiate into endothelial cells,which would be a new therapeutic approach for cardiovascular disease.Methods Expression of selfrenewal marker genes in E 14 cells was assessed.Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (Flk 1) in monolayer differentiation on day 4 and vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) on day 8 were detected.On day 8,differentiation cells were also observed under phase contrast microscopy (PCM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM).ES cells and endothelial-specific molecular markers were assessed by RT-PCR at different time-points.Results As self-renewal marker genes were expressed in E14 cells,E14 cells was identified to maintain their selfrenewal pluripotency.The marker gene of letarl,Flk1 was expressed on differentiation day 4.On differentiation day 8 the marker gene VE-cadherin was expressed and as observed under PCM endothelial cells with spindle shape and TEM with Weibel-Palade body,thus were the major populations generated after VEGF induction,and E14 cells were confirmed differentiated into mature endothelial cells.The expressions of genes octamer binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4),Flk1 and VE-cadherin were detected on differentiation day 2,4,6,8 and 10.Conclusions As VE-cadherin gene was expressed in monolayer on differentiation day 8,E14 cells were confirmed differentiated into endothelial cells,which would be a new therapeutic approach for cardiovascular disease.

AimTo study the effects of aspirin (Asp) and verapamil(Ver)alone or in combination on mesenteric microcirculation of rats. MethodsAcute microcirculation disturbance(AMD) was produced by highmolecular weight dextran(Mr 480, 000) 360 mg· kg-1 iv. Arteriol and venul blood flow velocity and diameter (ABFV, VBFV, AD, VD) and blood flow state(BFS) were observed by intravital microcirculation method. Results Asp 2.5, 5 mg · kg-i, Ver 0.3, 0.6 mg · kg-1,Asp+ Ver(1 + 0.15), (2. 5+ 0. 3) mg· kg-1 iv significant increase ABFV by 11.1%, 31.3%, 18.7%,19.5%, 26.5%, 37.3%, VBFV by 12.5%, 5.7%, 2.5%, 3.7%, 30%, 34.7%,AD by 4.3%, 17.9%, 31.5%, 35%, 20%, 38.1% and VDby 2.2%,4.2%, 25%, 31.5%,5.8%,23.5%espectively, and got a raise in the number of capillaries and a marked improvement of BFS. Asp + Ver(1+0.15, 2.5+0.3) mg · kg-1 iv could reverse AMD. Conclusion Asp is superior to Ver in the increase of BFV, but Ver is superior to Asp in expansion of blood vessel. Asp in combination with Ver produces marked synergistic action and protection againist AMD.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the merits and demerits of automatic oral drug dispensing mode as compared with traditional dispensing mode.METHODS:The medication data in our hospital after adoption of single dose administration system were collected and summarized analytically in respect of drug quality management.RESULTS:The automatic oral drug dispensing mode is superior to traditional dispensing mode.CONCLUSION:Under single dose administration system,the application of automatic oral drug dispensing mode is conductive to the improving of pharmaceutical care level.However,the problems existing in its clinical use remain to be further studied.

ObjectiveTo observe the effects of chemotherapy on mitochondria ultrarnicrostructure and stereological characteristic of mucinous cystadenocarcinoma (MC) and serous cystadenocarcinoma (SC) and to investigate clinical significance and possible mechanism of chemotherapy on two cystadenocarcinoma.MethodsThe ultramicrostructure changes of mitochondrion were observed with electronic microscope and the stereological changes and its interrelation of volume density (Vv), surface density (Sv) and ratio of surface density(Rsv,μm-1)of mitochondria of the cells in ovarian carcinoma were studied and compared with the normal control. ResultsElectron microscope reveals that the mitochondria swelling and cristae disorganizing were seen in ovarian carcinoma.The Vv(0.072±0.059)and Sv(0.057±0.040)of MC mitochondria were decreased markedly(P =0.004 and P =0.029, respectively), while its Rsv (0.891 ±0.400) μm-1 increased obviously (P =0.015); but the Vv and Sv of mitochondria of the SC cells were increased markedly (0.267±0.12,P =0.001 and 0.122±0.057,P =0.003,respectively).After chemotherapy,cancer cells mitochondrion Sv elevated significantly (0.060±0.037, P = 0.053), showing a similar MC mitochondria of variability. Conclusion Therearedifferentcharacteristicsintheultramicrostructureandstereologicalcharacteristicinthe mitochondria of two types ovarian carcinoma. Effects of chemotherapy may be associated with the ameliorate of construction and function of ovary cells.

ObjectiveTo analyze the change in the incidence of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) in the past 27 years and to probe the relationship between iodine and these carcinomas. MethodsStatistical analysis was performed on data of thyroid diseases, thyroid malignant tumors, PTC , FTC and their complications in Department of Pathology from 1978 to 2004 in General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University with Run test、Cox-Stuart test, ANOVA, t or t′ test and Chi-square test. ResultsIn 27 years there were 231837 cases of biopsies (average 8587cases/year). The biopsies were performed in the thyroid diseases as a whole 6276 cases (2.70%),thyroidmalignanttumors644cases(0.28%), PTCs 465 cases (0.20%), and FTCs 80 cases (0.03%) in 27 years. Biopsies in thyroid diseases as a whole showed a descending tendency since 1982 but an ascending tendency after 1995. Biopsy in malignant thyroid tumor did not show a significant change, and biopsy in PTC showed an ascending tendency and that in FTC showed a descending tendency after 1995. The average age, both in male and female patients, at the time of diagnosis of PTC and FTC showed no significant change during 27 years, but the mean age of male at the time of diagnosis was older than that of female. The ratios of male to female in PTC and FTC were 1:3.31、1:2.81 respectively,and showed no significant change either. There were more biopsies with lymph node metastasis in PTC (33.76%) than those in FTC (10.00%) and more biopsies with blood vessel involved or nodular goiter in FTC (11.25% and 13.75%) than those in PTC (0.65% and 4.52%). Mean age of patients with PTC and nodular goiter (44.3 years old) was older than those without goiter (38.1 years old). The ratios of male to female with PTC and FTC with lymph node metastasis were higher than those without lymph node metastasis. ConclusionThe incidence of thyroid malignant tumors in 27 years has no significant change. The contrary tendency of PTC and FTC suggests that the decreasing malignant degree of carcinoma. It suggests that this area is not in high iodine condition and the change have no relationship with the iodine intake.

Objective To analyze Vitamin D nutritional status of children and their height growth relationship in Wanzhou dis-trict of Chongqing .Methods Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay method was used to detect serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25 (OH) D]concentrations in 2 727 Children from Wanzhou district of Chongqing ,analyzing the correlation of Vitamin D and children age ,gender ,height ,parental height and other factors .Results There was significant difference in serum level of 25(OH) D among different age groups(P<0 .01) ,there was significant difference between boys and girls among the same age groups of 5 months ,6 months ,4 years old ,5 years old .Children′s height consistented with the national average 4 -6 years ago in Wanzhou District ,but Since then ,gradually felled behind .After adjustment for age ,sex ,parental height ,measured seasonal and other factors ,serum 25 (OH) D concentration was positively correlated with height (r=0 .462 5 ,P<0 .01) .Conclusion 25(OH)D levels were closely re-lated with the development of children′s height .Thus ,children generally poor 25(OH)D nutritional status in Wanzhou district should arouse the attention of parents and clinicians .

Objective To evaluate the mid-term results of arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using Transfix technique.Methods From August 2002 to December 2003,38 patients (24 left knees and 14 right knees) with ACL ruptures underwent arthroscopic ACL reconstruction with hamstring tendon using Transfix femoral fixation and interference screws tibial fixation.There were 21 males and 17 females,aged from 19 to 48 years (average,28.4 years).The causes of injury included sports injury in 27 cases,traffic injury in 2 cases and fall injury in 2 cases,and 7 patients had no significant injury.There were 6 cases of acute injury and 32 cases of old injury.Anterior drawer test was positive in 35 cases,weak positive in 1 case and negative in 2 cases.Lachman test was positive in 37 cases,and weak positive in 1 case.The Lysholm score was used to evaluate the results.Moreover,X-rays and MRIs were used to observe the conditions of graft and bone tunnel.Results Thirty-six patients were followed up for 6.3 to 7.6 years (average,6.8 years).All patients had normal joint range of motion.The Lysholm score improved from preoperative 64.4±4.52 to postoperative 85.6±4.60,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The X-rays and MRIs showed femoral and tibial tunnel enlargement in 3 cases,femoral tunnel enlargement in 5 cases and tibial tunnel enlargement in 3 cases.No joint space narrowing was found in all patients.One patient underwent arthroscopic revision ACL reconstruction with allograft tendon using bioabsorbable interference screws fixation on both tibial and femoral sides for re-rupture of ACL 4 years after operation due to trauma.Conclusion Arthroscopic ACL reconstruction with hamstring tendon using Transfix femoral fixation and interference screws tibial fixation is an effective method,which can provide satisfactory joint range of motion and stability.

Objective:To investigate the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) at Neiguan (PC 6) and Baihui (GV 20) by observing the changes of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein(C/EBP) homologous protein (CHOP) and caspase-12 gene expressions in rats after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), and explore whether the apoptosis pathway of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is involved in the protective mechanisms of EA.
Methods:Sixty rats were randomly assigned to five groups (12 in each group): a normal control group (group A), a sham-operation group (group B), an operation group (group C), an Edaravone group (group D) and an EA group (group E). The cerebral IRI rat model was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) using intraluminal monofilament. 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was adopted in the measurement of cerebral infarction volume. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to determine the mRNA expressions of CHOP and caspase-12.
Results: Compared with group A and group B, the volume of cerebral infarction and mRNA expressions of CHOP and caspase-12 in group C, group D and group E were increased, with statistical significances (P<0.05 orP<0.01); compared with group C, the volume of cerebral infarction and mRNA expressions of CHOP and caspase-12 in group D and group E were decreased significantly (P<0.05 orP<0.01); there were no significant differences between group D and group E in comparing the above items (P>0.05).
Conclusion:EA at Neiguan (PC 6) and Baihui (GV 20) can effectively suppress the volume of cerebral infarction. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism of EA at Neiguan (PC 6) and Baihui (GV 20) is possibly related to the down-regulation of CHOP and caspase-12 mRNA expressions, so as to decrease cell apoptosis.