OBJECTIVE: To recognize the research status on the mechanism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NADPH oxidases in cell growth and death,and explore the effects of ROS and NADPH oxidases on cardiomyocyte differentiation.DATA SOURCES: A computer-based online search of Medline was undertaken for the articles about the action mechanism of reactive oxygen and NADPH oxidases in cell growth and death published in English between January 1997 and December 2003 with the key words of "Reactive oxygen species, NADPH oxidase, Cardiomyocytes, Differentiation, Signal transduction".STUDY SELECTION: Inclusive criteria: ①Articles on ROS production and structure and activation of NADPH oxidase and their action mechanism in cell growth and death; ②Research about the molecule mechanism of cardiomyocytes differentiation. The repetitive research and review articles were excluded.DATA EXTRACTION: Totally 132 articles about the action mechanism of ROS and NADPH oxidase and cardiomyocytes differentiation were collected, and 78 ones met the inclusive criteria.DATA SYNTHESIS: ①ROS involved in pathogenesis of many diseases were mainly from intramitochondrial electron transport chains, and NADPH oxidase was closely related with ROS production; NADPH oxidase firstly found in phagocyte was a kind of multienzyme complex, and its activity was regulated by the concentration of Ca2+ in cells and mRNA expression of its subunits. ②At present, many researchers presumed that oxidative stress was a double-edged sword, and it two-ways regulated the cell proliferation and death, in which ROS served as the second messenger in the signal transduction. Recent data showed that ROS and NADPH oxidase played important roles in cardiomyocytes differentiation; however, it was not identified which subunit of NADPH oxidase expressed in myocardial cells and its detail regulative pathway. Those problems were important for further study in the molecule mechanism of cardiomyocytes differentiation.CONCLUSION: ROS including superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydroxyl radical (OH-), are generated in cardiomyocytes mainly by a membrane-bound NADPH oxidase (NOX). The NOX-derived ROS, as the second passenger, play important roles in various intracellular signaling pathways. In cardiomyocytes, ROS have the potential to alter the balance between cell growth and death through these signaling pathways. Recently,ROS have been demonstrated to play a critical role in regulation of cardiomyocyte differentiation from embryonic stem cells. Research in the regulation mechanisms of ROS will contribute to our better understanding of he role of ROS and NADPH oxidase in cardicomyocyte differentiation and will lead to the identification of factors able to promote cardiac differentiation.

AIM: Studies reveal that, cytokines play an important role in the process of various inflammatory reaction, wound repair and cell mutation, also, cytokines are expected to be a novel indicator of ratiocinating wound time. This study was designed to explore the changes in gene expression of interlukin-1? (IL-1?) and interlukin-1? (IL-1?) during the skin wound healing process in mice at different phases. METHODS: The experiment was carried out in the laboratory of Forensic Medicine Department of China Criminal Police University from March 2006 to December 2007. ①Thirty-five BALB/c inbred male white mice of cleaning grade, aged 25-27 g, were used in this study. ②Skin wound model was induced by injuries in the area of 1.0 cm away from two sides of spinal column, without affection on muscles. Three pairs of injuries were established in each mouse. Five animals were decapitated under anesthesia at 0, 3, 6, 12 hours and 1, 3, 6 days, respectively, whereas those at 0 hour were taken as controls. ③The white blood cells at different phases were observed under microscope after immunochemical staining. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction method was applied to detect gene expression of IL-1? and IL-1?. RESULTS: Thirty-five BALB-c inbred male white mice were all involved in the result analysis. ①Skin wound was weakly positive during 0-5 hours after injury; the positive reaction was attenuated during 6-24 hours, and positive cells increased, of which macrophages were dominant. Infiltration of massive leucocyte neutrophils and a small quantity of mononuclear cells were detectable at 1 day; mononuclear cells increased during 2-4 days, and reached a peak at 3 days. In control group, the epidermis, folliculus pili, glandulae sebaceae and coil gland were all weakly positive. ②IL-1? and IL-1? were expressed at early phase after injury, and two expressing peaks were found at 6 and 72 hours, then decreased to normalized levels at 6 days after injury. CONCLUSION: Genet expression of IL-1? and IL-1? in damaged tissues has a regularity with wound time, and can be used for reference to estimate early injury age in forensic cases.

Barrett's esophagus is known the only precancerous lesions of esophageal adenocarcinoma.Besides conventional endoscopy and pathologic biopsy,drugs and surgical treatment of the Barrett's esophagus,in recent years,some new endoscopic diagnosis and treatment technology were obtained.The progress of endoscopic diagnosis and therapy technique in Barrett's esophagus are reviewed in this paper.

Objective To study the roles of protein kinase C (PKC) in the signal transduction pathway of LPS induced nuclear transcription factor (NF) ?B activation of alveolar macrophages(AMs). Methods NF ?B level in nuclear protein extraction of AMs was detected by sandwich ELISA. Intranuclear translocation of NF ?B was observed by immunocytochemical staining. Results LPS could induce NF ?B activation of AMs in time and dose dependent manners. Immunohistochemical staining revealed intranuclear translocation following LPS induction. Specific calphostin C (Cal C) and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) could inhibit LPS induced NF ?B activation. Conclusion PKC, as a up stream messenger, is involved in the signal transduction pathway of LPS induced NF ?B activation.

Objective To measure and predict the hospital resources to be saved by reducing one day of stay in average in China,predict its future impacts,and to probe into the importance of less average days of stay for hospital resource deployment.Methods A mathematical model was used for quantitative analysis of the actual impacts of one less day of stay in China′s hospitals for the hospital resources,and the gray forecasting model was used to predict the hospital resources so saved by achieving so during 2013 to 2025.Results One hospital day less could save 9.41% of a hospital′s total bed resources.According to the growing trend of hospital beds in China and the deployment relationship,it is predicted that more hospital resources will be saved by one hospital day less in average from 2013 to 2025.Conclusions Shorter average days of stay and optimal deployment of hospital resources,should be based on quality of care.Less ineffective waiting time to shorten average days of stay can be breakthrough to improve the comprehensive efficiency of health resources.

Objective To construct A2 gene expression vector in Q? phage by gene recombination technology, and then analyze its physiological activities. Methods Amplified A2 gene in Q? genome by PCR, cloned it into pBAD-24 expression vector to construct pBAD A2 recombinant plasmid. The recombinant plasmid was identified by restrictive enzymes digestion and DNA sequencing, then to be transfected into host cell JM109. After induced by Arabinose, the expression level of A2 was detected by SDS-PAGE. The growth curve of E.coli was obtained by phototurbidometry to test the bacteriolysis activity of pBADA2 in various host cells. Results After certified by PCR screening, DNA sequencing and restrictive enzymes digestion, the expression vector of pBADA2 was successfully constructed. The gene expression level is high in JM109 and related with Arabinose concentration, which reach its peak when Arabinose is 0.2%. OD660 value demonstrates that pBADA2 has the function of bacteriolysis, which could dissolve JM109、HB101 and 594 in E.coli rapidly, but not BE110. Conclusion The highly expressed vector pBADA2 was successfully constructed. The protein expressed has the ideal function of bacteriolysis. All of these provide theoretical and practical bases for developing new anti-bacteria drugs.

Objective To study the correlative clinical factors of hypophosphatemia in the patients of acute myocardial infarction(AMI).Methods According to the plasma phosphonium concentrations,1273 patients with AMI were designed into two groups:Hypophosphatemia Group(serum phosphorus≤0.8 mmol/L),Normal Group.Influence factors of the serum phosphate levels were analyzed.Results The mortality of two groups had no difference.The mobility of hypophosphatemia was higher in the elder patients.The plasma phosphonium concentrations were correlated with the level of TG(r=0.154),and the value of LVEF(r=0.053).Conclusion Hypophosphatemia in patients with AMI is correlated with TG and contractile function.

A pyelonephritis model of mouse is made by c. albicans infection. The determination of im-mune functions in model show that, both proliferation response of T cell to ConA and IL-2 activ-iting of spleenocytes of model animal to inductionwith ConA increased at 30 days after injected.The proliferation response of B cell to stimulation with LPS inhanced from 15 through 30 days,primary Ab response of model animal to SRBC stimulation inhanced between 15-30 days afterimmunization. DTH response to stimulation with c. albicans protein Ag raised since 15 days andup to peak at 30 days. Agglutination titer of serum raised up 15 days, and remained at higherlevel untill 30 days.

Ginseng is a typical adaptogen which has resistance to various stresses. This effect is related to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. As the main active ingredients, saponin has the similar structure to steroids. The regulation characteristics of ginseng saponin on the HPA axis are narrated from the aspects of total saponin and saponin monomers in this paper after the introduction of adaptation definition and HPA axis regulation mechanisms. Pharmacological effects of ginseng saponin and the regulation effect of HPA axis are summarized finally.
Adaptation, Physiological ; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ; secretion ; Animals ; Corticosterone ; secretion ; Ginsenosides ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System ; drug effects ; secretion ; Panax ; chemistry ; Pituitary-Adrenal System ; drug effects ; secretion

ObjectiveTo investigate the causes and management of postsplenectomy continuous fever in portal hypertensive patients. MethodThe clinical data of 329 portal hypertension patients with liver cirrhosis undergoing splenectomy from 1992 to 2001 were reviewed. Among those, 72 patients suffered from a fever higher than 38.5℃ for more than 2 weeks postoperatively. ResultThe most common cause was portal or splenic vein thrombosis and hematocele or hydrops and infection in splenic recess. Portal or splenic vein thrombosis was related to the surgical modality adopted and liver function. ConclusionPortal system thrombosis and hematocele, hydrops, or infection in the splenic recess were among the most common causes leading to postoperative long-term fever in these patients. Active anticoagulant use, effective drainage, antibiotic therapy and judicious application of surgical modality will help to reduce the rate of postoperative fever.