The number of papers published in American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Education from 2003 to 2013 was calculated .The knowledge maps of research hot spots and co-operation maps of research institutions in the two journals were plotted .The different research-oriented key points and the cooperative relationship between different research institutions in the two journals and the problems existed in domestic journals of pharmaceutical education were analyzed with certain suggestions put forward for the solution of the problems existed in domestic journals of pharmaceutical education .

BACKGROUND:Dendritic cel s can regulate the immunological reaction in the intestinal tract, this functional deficit may induce inflammatory bowel disease. Tol-like receptor-4/nuclear factor-κB pathway is highly involved in this reaction. OBJECTIVE:To establish experimental colitis model in rats, to observe effects of resina draconis on dendritic cel s and Tol-like receptor-4/nuclear factor-κB expression in rats with experimental colitis, and to explore its action mechanism. METHODS:A total of 44 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups (n=11):blank control group, model group, resina draconis group, 5-aminosalicylic acid treatment group. With the exception of blank control group, 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced ulcerative colitis models were established in the model group, resina draconis group and 5-aminosalicylic acid treatment group. After the models were successful y established, the rats in the resina draconis and 5-aminosalicylic acid treatment groups were intragastrical y treated with resina draconis [(0.75 g(kg·d)] and 5-aminosalicylic acid [100 mg(kg·d)] respectively for 10 days. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Disease activity index, macroscopic colonic damage score and histopathological score were significantly decreased in the resina draconis group compared with the model group (P<0.05). Symptoms and tissue damages were obviously lessened in the 5-aminosalicylic acid treatment and resina draconis groups compared with the model group. Expression rates of CD80 and CD86, as wel as expression levels of Tol-like receptor-4 and nuclear factor-κB were significantly higher in the model group compared with the blank control group, resina draconis group and 5-aminosalicylic acid treatment group (P<0.05, P<0.01). Tol-like receptor-4 and nuclear factor-κB expression was significantly lower in the resina draconis group than that in the 5-aminosalicylic acid treatment group. Experimental findings indicate that, resina draconis can partial y relieve experimental colitis symptoms in rats and effectively inhibit the activation of dendritic cel s in the mesenteric lymph node. Resina draconis can relieve enteric inflammatory reaction by suppressing the expression of Tol-like receptor-4 and nuclear factor-κB in rats.

BACKGROUND:Transplantation of autologous stem cells for treatment of liver cirrhosis has been widely reported.But up to now,there exist some concerns for clinical physicians,including relationship between stem cells and post-transplantation prognosis/turnover of liver cirrhosis,directed differentiation of stem cells in the impaired liver,and malignant phenotype.OBJECTIVE:To dynamically monitor the serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)and AFP variants(AFP-L3)in decompensated cirrhosis patients following intrahepatic transplantation of peripheral blood stem calls via portal vein and evaluate the safety of this treatment method.METHODS:A total of 44 decompensated cirrhosis patients who underwent intrahepatic transplantation of peripheral blood stem cells via portal vein in the 309 Hospital of Chinese PLA in April 2007 were included in this study.Prior to and after surgery,serum levels of AFP and AFP-L3 were detected by chemiluminescence.Through the use of a positive criterion for liver cirrhosis,i.e.,the proportion of AFP-L3 in AFP[AFP-L3(%)]≥10%,and the relationship between decompensated cirrhosis treatment using stem cells transplantation and the malignant phenotype of liver cancer were analyzed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At 2 months after surgery,serum level of AFP showed a transient increase.There was no significant difference in AFP-L3(%)between prior to and after surgery(P>0.05).No significant difference in AFP-L3-positve rate,as well as AFP-L3(%),existed among patients with different serum level of AFP.These findings indicate that clinical symptoms and liver function of decompensated cirrhosis patients recovered to some extent after transplantation of peripheral blood stem cells via portal vein.Results regarding serum level of AFP-L3,a serological marker of liver cancer,did not demonstrate the appearance of malignant biological phenotype.

Objective To investigate the association between the genetic variant of miRNA-1 target gene COG6 rs9548934 C→T and the risk of premature coronary artery disease (pCAD).Methods This study included 226 pACD patients and 275 gender and age matched pCAD-free controls hospitalized in our hospital,diagnosis was made based on coronary angiography ( CAG ) results.The genotypes of miRNA-1 target gene COG6 rs9548934 C→T were detected by PCR-RFLP.Results Compared with the wide genotype CC,subjects with the variant genotypes CT of rs9548934 C→T was associated with a 45％ lower risk of pACD (adjusted OR =0.55,95％ CI =0.36 -0.82,P =0.003),and the subjects with CT/TT genotypes were also associated with a significantly lower risk of pACD ( adjusted OR =0.64,95％ CI =0.44 - 0.92,P=0.015).Using the median serum TG level (1.20 mmol/L) in control group as the cutoff value,subjects with higher serum TG levels were associated with increased risk of pACD after adjustment for age,gender and BMI ( adjusted OR =2.32,95％ CI =1.57 - 3.41,P ＜ 0.001 ).In addition,subjects with higher HDL-C levels were associated with significantly lower risk of pACD ( adjusted OR =0.48,95％ CI =0.31 -0.75,P =0.001 ).Stratified analyses showed that the risk reduction for pCAD in CT/TT genotypes carriers was more significant in the female subjects ( adjusted OR =0.54,95％ CI =0.30 - 0.97,P=0.040),and in subjects with lower TG,TC,HDL-C and LDL-C levels (adjusted OR =0.62,95％ CI =0.39 - 0.98,P =0.040; adjusted OR =0.55,95 ％ CI =0.35 - 0.85,P =0.008; adjusted OR =0.43,95％CI=0.22-0.87,P=0.018; adjusted OR=0.49,95％CI=0.32-0.75,P=0.001,respectively).Conclusion The polymorphism of miRNA-1 target gene COG6 rs9548934C→T is associated with lower risk of pCAD,especially in female subjects and subjects with lower serum lipid levels.

OBJECTIVETo observe clinical efficacy of renovation stem revision femoral head arthroplasty for the treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fracture in the elderly.

METHODSTotally 32 elderly patients with unstable intertrochanteric fracture were treated with renovation stem revision femoral head arthroplasty from September 2007 to January 2011. There were 11 males and 21 females with an average age of 83.8 (ranged, 80 to 98) years old,the time from injury to hospital ranged from 4 h to 14 days. According to Evans-Jensen classification, 6 cases were type II a, 20 cases were type II b, and 6 cases were type III. Postoperative mortality, complication rates and Harris hip function score were compared and analyzed to evaluate curative effect.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up and no dislocation occurred. Six patients were died during 15 months and 4.5 years; 24 cases recoved to independent wakling at 6 months after operation, and 8 cases walked with stick and walker. The average Harris hip joint function score were (91.56 +/- 2.96), 28 cases got excellent results and 4 cases good. Nine cases occurred complications and healed after treatment.

CONCLUSIONRenovation stem revision femoral head arthroplasty is a active and reliable method in treating unstable intertrochanteric fracture in the elderly.

Aged, 80 and over ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; methods ; Female ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; surgery ; Hip Fractures ; surgery ; Humans ; Male

The mechanism of biological actions of quercetin was studied by using metabolomic method and biomolecular network. HPLC-MS was used to analyze the serum metabolome in rats of blank group and quercetin administration group rats, and MS data were processed by MATLAB software. With multivariate statistical analysis of serum metabolite profiles, a clear separation among blank group and quercetin administration group was achieved, potential biomarkers were selected according to the parameters of variable importance in the projection (VIP) and identified according to MS information and database retrieval. Four compounds, related enzymes, action targets and metabolic pathways had been confirmed, namely retinoic acid and RARbeta, arachidonate and COX-2, 3, 5-diodotyrosine and TPO, uridine diphosphate glucose and PDEs. The mechanism of quercetin enhancing ability of retinoic acid on the induction of RARbeta, activating TPO, using as COX-2 and PDEs inhibitor was approved by biomolecular network and related literatures. In this study, a mechanism of multiple biological actions of quercetin was evaluated at the level of the biomolecular network, metabolomics and biomolecular network can be used to investigate the biological effects mechanism of quercetin, which provided a new method to further revealing mechanism of drug action.
Animals ; Antioxidants ; pharmacology ; Biomarkers ; blood ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Mass Spectrometry ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Metabolome ; Metabolomics ; Multivariate Analysis ; Quercetin ; pharmacology ; Rats

OBJECTIVETo study the preventive and therapeutic effects of total saponin of Dioscorea (TSD) on chronic hyperuricemia, and its effect on urate transporter 1 (URAT1) in rats.

METHODNinety male rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: the normal group, the model group, TSD high-, medium- and low-dose (300, 100, 30 mg x kg(-1)) groups and the benzbromarone (10 mg x kg(-1)) group. Potassium oxonate and ethambutol were adopted to establish the chronic hyperuricemia model Since the third week, all the rats were intragastrically administered with drugs for 4 weeks, once a day, in order to determine their uric acid in serum and urine, uric acid excretion and xanthine oxidase (XOD). URAT1 mRNA and URAT1 protein expression in rat renal tubular cells were determined by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry method respectively.

RESULTSerum uric acid level of the model group increased significantly, while uric acid excretion decreased, with high expressions of renal URAT1 mRNA and URAT1 protein. TSD could dose-dependently reduce the serum uric acid level of chronic hyperuricemia rats, increase the concentration of uric acid and uric acid excretion in urine, and reduce renal URAT1 mRNA and URAT1 protein expression. Its effects were similar with that of benzbromarone, but with no significant effect on XOD and urinary volume of chronic hyperuricemia rats.

CONCLUSIONTSD has an obvious effect of anti-hyperuricemia It may reduce the reabsorption of uric acid by inhibiting the high expression of rat renal URAT1.

Animals ; Anion Transport Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; metabolism ; Benzbromarone ; pharmacology ; Dioscorea ; chemistry ; Gout Suppressants ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Hyperuricemia ; blood ; drug therapy ; genetics ; urine ; Kidney Tubules ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Saponins ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; Uric Acid ; blood ; urine ; Xanthine Oxidase ; metabolism

BACKGROUNDAmyloid β(1-42) (Aβ(42)) peptide vaccination has been proved to be effective in reducing amyloid burden in brain and improving cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse models. But the phase II trial of Aβ(42) peptide vaccine was halted because of T cell-mediated meningoencephalitis. In this study, a DNA vaccine, p(Aβ(3-10))(10)-CpG, was constructed to test whether it would induce predominant T(H)2 immune response upon immunization of BALB/c mice.

METHODSBALB/c mice were vaccinated intramuscularly with p(Aβ(3-10))(10)-CpG plasmids. Aβ(42) peptide, pcDNA3.1(+) empty vector and PBS were injected to the control groups. Expression of interesting gene in injected muscle was identified by immunohistochemistry. Anti-Aβ antibody titers, isotype profiles as well as cytokines in ex vivo splenocytes culture supernatants were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

RESULTSP(Aβ(3-10))(10)-CpG plasmid was expressed in muscle after injection detected by immunohistochemistry. The p(Aβ(3-10))(10)-CpG vaccine induced high titers of anti-Aβ antibodies in BALB/c mice. And isotype of the antibodies was mainly IgG1, the IgG1/IgG2a ratio for the p(Aβ(3-10))(10)-CpG group was approximately 5 times greater than that for the Aβ(42) peptide group. Ex vivo cultured splenocytes isolated from mice immunized with p(Aβ(3-10))(10)-CpG exhibited high interleukin-4 response and low interleukin-γ (IFN-γ) response.

CONCLUSIONSImmunization with p(Aβ(3-10))(10)-CpG vaccine primarily induces a T(H)2 type of response, thus reduces the probability of inflammation. This p(Aβ(3-10))(10)-CpG vaccine possesses the basic factors required for a safe and effective AD vaccine.

Alzheimer Disease ; immunology ; therapy ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; immunology ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Immunity, Humoral ; immunology ; Immunoglobulin G ; metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry ; Interferon-gamma ; metabolism ; Interleukin-4 ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Muscles ; metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes ; immunology ; Vaccines, DNA ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo study the epidemiologic characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) in Guiyang between 2008 and 2010.

METHODSThe epidemiologic characteristics of HFMD were analyzed by descriptive statistical methods based on the data from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention.

RESULTSA total of 27383 cases of HFMD were recorded in Guiyang between 2008 and 2010. The incidence of HFMD increased from 66.4439/100000 in 2008 to 163.9276/100000 in 2009 and 471.5515/100000 in 2010 (P<0.01). The mortality rate was 0.1026/100000 in 2010, which was significantly lower than in 2009 (0.2821/100000) (P<0.05). HFMD occurrence showed seasonality and reached a peak between April and June. HFMD cases were commonly noted in children under 5 years old, and especially in children under 3 years old. The main detected pathogen was human enterovirus 71 (EV17) in 2009. Whereas in 2010 the disease was mainly caused by CoxA16 and other intestinal viruses.

CONCLUSIONSThe incidence of HFMD in Guiyang increased year by year from 2008 to 2010, but the mortality rate decreased year by year. HFMD occurrence showed an obvious seasonality. HFMD was common in children under the age of five. The main pathogens of this disease included EV17, CoxA16 and other intestinal viruses.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Enterovirus A, Human ; isolation & purification ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease ; epidemiology ; virology ; Humans ; Infant ; Middle Aged ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical effects of Achillon for the treatment of acute Achilles tendon rupture (AATR).

METHODSFrom April 2009 to April 2010, 19 patients with AATR who were treated with Achillon were retrospectively analyzed. There were 17 males and 2 females, with an average age of 40.2 years (30 to 58 years). There were 9 cases of sports injury, and 2 case of fall injury. The time from injury to surgery ranged from 0 to 8 days (2.2 days on average). The results of Thompson test and single heel rise test were positive in 19 cases. Clinical data were assessed with the patient satisfaction and the AOFAS hindfoot score during follow-up.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 12 to 28 months (19.9 months on average). The average operation time was 41 minutes. There were no wound infections, recurrent rupture, or sural nerve complications. At the latest follow-up, 18 patients were totally satisfied with the surgical result, 1 patient feel generally due to mild pain when running. None of the patients were dissatisfied with the final results the latest follow-up. At the latest follow-up, the AOFAS score was 98.42 +/- 3.29 (89 to 100). All the patients regained normal range of motion and were able to resume their previous activities at six months after operation, with a high rate of satisfaction. Average decreased of mid-calf circumference was (0.82 +/- 0.85) cm (ranged from 0 to 3 cm).

CONCLUSIONTreatment with Achillon is safe, effective for AATR with low incidence of complications and early active rehabilitation can be carried out. It is a good method to treat AATR.

Achilles Tendon ; injuries ; surgery ; Acute Disease ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; instrumentation ; Retrospective Studies ; Rupture ; Suture Techniques ; instrumentation ; Tendon Injuries ; surgery