OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical application of multi-planar reformation (MPR) for the diagnosis of superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome.

METHODSA retrospective study was conducted on 9 patients who were diagnosed with SSCD syndrome in the Otology and Skull Base Surgery group of Fudan University. Three radiologists analyzed all the patients' 0.75 mm-collimated axial and coronal images and 0.75 mm-collimated MPR images, and they came up with the same results.

RESULTSThere were 18 superior semicircular canal in the 9 patients, of whom 9 were intact and 9 were defective. All the defective superior semicircular displayed a definite dehiscence in all the MPR images, which indicated the sensitivity was 100%; however, 7 of the 9 defective superior semicircular canal were diagnosed as dehiscence in axial images, while 8 of the 9 were diagnosed in coronal images, but the sensitivities were 77.8% and 88.9% respectively. The results of the other 9 with intact superior semicircular canal displayed in the MPR, axial, and coronal images were also different. In the MPR images, they all displayed definite intact roof over the superior semicircular canal. There were 2 dehiscence in all axial and coronal images, and the specificities were 77.8%.

CONCLUSIONThe MPR image is more useful in diagnosis of superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome than that of the routine axial and coronal images.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Labyrinth Diseases ; diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Semicircular Canals ; diagnostic imaging ; Syndrome ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective To build a multi‐level hierarchical structure model of the influencing factors for hierarchical medical system ,to identify the role relationship between all the factors and transmission pathways ,and to recommend on developing China′s hierarchical medical system . Methods Thirty influencing factors were identified in a screening based on literature review for the hierarchical medical system .On such basis ,16 influencing factors were identified by three health policy experts ,which affect operations of the current system .Interpretative structural modeling was called into play in the end to analyze the hierarchy relationship between various influencing factors and the conduction loops .Results There exist among the 16 factors a 3‐level hierarchical structureand two conduction loops .The factor directly limiting the hierarchical medical system is two‐way referral,and most internal core drivers arehuman resources development and governance mechanism.By means of self‐growth and external constraints ,they exert their influence on the operation of hierarchical medical system .Conclusions There are interactive hierarchical effects among the factors ,merging into three node elements of functional role,inter‐entity relationshipand patient participation.

The anti-tumor effects of exo- (EX) and endo-biopolymers (EN) produced from submerged mycelial cultures of Ganoderma applanatum (GA), Collybia confluens (CC), and Pleurotus eryngii (PE) were studied using Sarcoma 180 bearing mice. Solid tumor growth was inhibited most effectively when 40 mg/kg body weight (BW) of GA-EX or PE-EN was administered to the intraperitoneal (i.p.) cavity of BALB/c mice. The spleen and liver indexes were increased in mice following i.p. administration of GA-EX and PE-EN fractions. GA-EX and PE-EN reduced the tumor formation by 30.7% and 29.4%, respectively. GA-EX and PE-EN increased the natural killer (NK) cell activity of splenocytes by 41.3% and 28.9%, respectively.
Agaricales ; Animals ; Biopolymers ; Body Weight ; Ganoderma ; Liver ; Mice ; Pleurotus ; Sarcoma 180 ; Spleen ; Ursidae

OBJECTIVETo investigate the mechanism of enhanced large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel currents (BK) in coronary smooth muscle cells (SMCs) by docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).

METHODSCoronary SMCs were isolated by enzyme digestion. Potassium channels in coronary SMCs were identified by applications of different potassium blockers. Effects of DHA and its metabolite 16, 17-epoxydocosapentaenoic acid (16, 17-EDP) on BK channels in the absence and presence of cytochrome P450 epoxygenase inhibitor SKF525A were studied by patch clamp in whole-cell configuration.

RESULTSBK channels were widely distributed in SMCs, and BK currents in normal SMCs accounted for (64.2 ± 2.7)% of total potassium currents (n = 20). DHA could activate BK channels, and its 50% effective concentration (EC(50)) was (0.23 ± 0.03) µmol/L, however, the effect of DHA on BK channels was abolished after SMCs were incubated with cytochrome P450 epoxygenase inhibitor SKF525A. 16, 17-EDP, a metabolite of DHA, could reproduce the effects of DHA on BK channels, and its EC(50) was (19.7 ± 2.8) nmol/L.

CONCLUSIONDHA and metabolites can activate BK channels and dilate coronary arteries through activating cytochrome P450 epoxygenase pathway.

Animals ; Coronary Vessels ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors ; Docosahexaenoic Acids ; pharmacology ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated ; pharmacology ; Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels ; metabolism ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Proadifen ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo find out the epidemiology of bacteria infection after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT).

METHODPostoperative bacteria infection of 451 OLT cases were retrospectively analyzed.

RESULTBacteria infection were detected in 239 OLT cases, and the infection rate was 52.9%. Sum up to 304 bacilli lines were separated from all above cases. Among them, the detectable Gram-positive bacilli (G(+)) accounted for 59.9% (182/304), while Gram-negative bacilli (G(-)) accounted for 40.2% (122/304). The impressionable organ were respiratory tract and bile duct, which occupying 81.5% (248/304) and 15.1% (46/304) among all infective cases respectively. The main infected strain were G(+) bacteria in respiratory tract, account for 65.3%; while G(-) bacteria were mainly in bile duct, account for 60.9%. There was significant difference between each other (P = 0.018).

CONCLUSIONSThe bacteria infection rate was high after OLT, and the main infected strain was the G(+) bacteria. Most fo them were the opportunistic pathogenic bacteria and the antibiotic multi-resistant bacteria. The bacteria category was significantly related to the infected tissue, according to which we could adopt corresponding antibacterial approach.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bacterial Infections ; etiology ; microbiology ; Bile Duct Diseases ; etiology ; microbiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; isolation & purification ; Gram-Positive Bacteria ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Infant ; Liver Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; etiology ; microbiology ; Retrospective Studies

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of IL-1β on hematopoietic support of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSC). 2×10(6) hUC-MSC were seeded in 75 cm(2) flasks, after adherence to wall for 2 h, 10 ng/ml IL-1β was added in hUC-MSC supernatant and cultured for 36 h, then the culture supernatants and cells were harvested. The effect of conditioned medium with/without IL-1β on CD34(+) cell hematopoietic support was observed, mRNA expression changes of hUC-MSC cultured in medium with/without IL-1β were monitored by real time PCR, the differences in hematopoiesis-related factors were detected by ELISA. The results showed that the conditioned culture medium of hUC-MSC with IL-1β enhanced the ability to form colony of CD34(+) cells, especially CFU-G and CFU-GM in vitro; IL-1β promoted the mRNA expression of GM-CSF, G-CSF, IL-6 on MSC; IL-1β also promoted the secretion of GM-CSF, G-CSF, and IL-6 protein from hUC-MSC. It is concluded that IL-1β enhances hematopoietic support capacity especially, capability of MSC to myeloid differentiation.
Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; secretion ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ; secretion ; Hematopoietic System ; drug effects ; Humans ; Interleukin-1beta ; pharmacology ; Interleukin-6 ; secretion ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; secretion ; Umbilical Cord ; cytology

OBJECTIVETo study separation and purification of flavonids with ethanol/phosphate aqueous two-phase system.

METHODThe diversity of phase separation ability and the distribution of target products in various systems were taken as indicators to analyze aqueous two-phase extraction systems and phase diagrams formed by ethanol and some common salts, screen out EtOH/ K2HPO4 system as the optimla system for extracting total flavonids, and study the impact of proportion of components in EtOH/K2 HPO4 system on the partition coefficient and phase ratio of flavonids.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONThe EtOH/K2 HPO4 system with omegaEtOH 36.05% and omegaKHPO4 18.20% has been proved as the optimal conditions for separating and purifying total flavonoids of Astragalus (TFA). Under this optimal condition, the partition coefficient and the extraction yield of TFA reached 10.33 and 96.6%, respectively. After extraction, the contents of A. membranaceus saponins and A. membranaceus polysaccharides in top and bottom phases were determined at the same time, showing that A. membranaceus saponins in the removal rate reached 92.01%, and A. membranaceus polysaccharides were totally concentrated in bottom water phase, indicating a removal rate of 100%. Therefore, this is beneficial to separate and purify total flavonids from A. membranaceus crude extracts.

Astragalus membranaceus ; chemistry ; Chemical Fractionation ; methods ; Ethanol ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Phosphates ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; analysis ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical feature, treatment, and prognosis of hospitalized patients with jaw osteoradionecrosis.

METHODSA total of 93 cases with jaw osteoradionecrosis treated between 2000 and 2010 was reviewed. Of the 93 cases, 79 cases were with mandible lesions, 13 cases with maxillary lesions, and 1 case with both mandible and maxillary lesions. Sixty-six cases received one course of radiotherapy, with the radiation doses of 34 - 90 Gy (mean 64.6 Gy). Twenty-two cases experienced tooth extraction or other operative procedures before exhibition of the clinical symptoms for osteoradionecrosis. The interval time between radiotherapy and the onset of osteoradionecrosis varied from 2 weeks to 32 years (mean 54 months).

RESULTSOf 93 cases, 56 patients underwent radical resection of the pathologic bone and reconstruction with free tissue flaps, in whom 7 cases received the second surgery due to microvascular thrombosis in flap vessels, and flaps were survival by new vascular anastomosis in 3 cases, the failed flaps were removed and replaced successfully by non vascularized bone grafts in 2 cases, and the failed flaps removed and the defects were repaired with adjacent skin in other 2 cases. In the 56 cases, only one case was with disease recurrence and 53 cases with significant improvement in chewing and swallowing functions. Only 2 of 93 cases underwent resection of the pathologic bone and reconstruction with titanium plates, and thereafter they encountered titanium exposure. Scaling of osteoradionecrosis lesions was applied to 20 of 93 patients and 9 cases of them were with disease recurrence. Fifteen cases had resection of the effected mandible without reconstruction. Disease relapse was encountered in 2 of them, others had poor chewing and swallowing.

CONCLUSIONSThe mandible is more susceptible to osteoradionecrosis than maxilla. Radical resection with reconstruction by free tissue flap is recommended for the treatment of jaw osteoradionecrosis, and scaling and reconstruction only with titanium plate should be avoided because of high risks of titanium exposure and disease relapse.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Plates ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Jaw ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Mandible ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Osteoradionecrosis ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Surgical Flaps ; Young Adult

Through CNKI retrieval, 40 articles were selected from Medical Journals published between January 2003 and December 2011, and the study designs, intervention methods and conclusions of the articles were analyzed. It turned out that in the area of clinical research, the main usage of acupuncture was assist treatment of artificial abortion and drug-induced abortion: in artificial abortion, acupuncture can play a role in analgesia, artificial abortion syndrome relieving, and cervix dilating, while in the drug induced abortion, acupuncture can play a role in improving completed abortion rate, accelerating foetal sac release, decreasing side effects and regulating postoperative bleeding. In mechanism research, the effect of acupuncture on uterine tissue was revealed in terms of neuroendocrine. Although the certain role of acupuncture in assisting artificial abortion and drug-induced abortion has been confirmed in numerous clinical trials, its mechanism revealing was limited. The further study should focus on improving research method, acupuncture manipulation standardization and stimulation parameters optimization. What's more, the revealing of acupuncture's role in anti-early pregnancy should be emphasized to improve its effectiveness and scientificalness.
Abortion, Induced ; methods ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Biomedical Research ; Female ; Humans

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the multi-function rapid allergic skin test instrument for application in drug allergy testing.

METHODThree hundred patients were planned to be treated with cephalosporins Injection were divided randomly into 3 groups, the new allergic skin test instrument group, normal allergic skin test instrument group, and traditional skin test group, the true positive rate and false positive rate were calculated. Using multifunctional rapid allergy skin test was carried out on 210 cases of volunteers preliminary clinical evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine injections skin test.

RESULTThere were no significance difference between the new allergic skin test instrument group and control group in the true positive rate. As compared with the control group, a significance difference was found between the new allergic skin test instrument group and control group in false positive rate respectively (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe multi-function rapid allergic skin test instrument is safe and easy to use, with a higher rate of accuracy and lower false positive rate.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Cephalosporins ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Drug Hypersensitivity ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Skin Tests ; methods ; Young Adult