Aim To investigate the immunomodulative effect of hesperidin on immunodepressed mice.Methods The immunosuppressed mice were induced by cyclophosphamide (Cy, ip). Indexes of immune organs were calculated. Phagocytosis of mononuclear macrophage was determined by cleaning carbon particle method. Spectrophotography was used to estimate levels of serum specific IgG, IgM (HCIgM, HCIgG). Plaque forming cell (PFC) was determined with quantitative haemolysis of SRBC (QHS). Splenic lymphocytes proliferation was measured by MTT method. The mouse delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) model induced by dinitoflruorobenzene (DNFB) was used to study the effect of hesperidin on the level of DTH and subset of T lymphocyte. Results Hesperidin remarkably increased indexes of spleen and thymus, the rate of clearance and clearance index, but had no significant impact on HCIgM, HCIgG and PFC. In addition, it could enhance the proliferation of splenic lymphocytes and reverse DTH response to normal level. Conclusion Our results indicated that hesperidin had an enhanced effect on nonspecific immunity and specific cellular immunity in immunodepressed mice, while specific humoral immunity wasn′t significantly changed.

Aim To study the therapeutic effect of hesperidin (HDN) on adjuvant arthritis (AA) in rats and its mechanisms.Methods Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) was used to induce AA in rats. Secondary paw swelling of AA rats was measured with volume meter. Splenic lymphocyte proliferation response induced by concanavalin A (ConA) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was examined with MTT assay. IL-2 production of splenic lymphocytes and IL-1, IL-6,TNF-? productions of peritoneal macrophage (PM?) were determined by radio-immunity assay.IL-10 production of PM? was estimated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results The secondary inflammation of AA rats appeared on the 12th day after injection of FCA. At the same time (d 12), HDN (40,80,160 mg?kg-1,?12 d) were given to AA rats by intragastric administration. It was found that HDN(80, 160 mg?kg-1) could significantly inhibit the secondary paw swelling of AA rats from the 20 th day.The suppressed lymphocyte proliferation and IL-2 production of splenic lymphocytes in AA rats were reversed by treatment with HDN. Meanwhile,HDN could remarkably down-regulate IL-1,IL-6,TNF-? productions of PM? and up-regulate IL-10 production of PM?.Conclusions The results suggested that HDN had therapeutical effect on AA rats. Its mechanisms may be related to adjusting abnormal immune function in AA rats and keeping the balance of cytokine network.

Allergic reactions caused by traditional Chinese medicine injections (TCMIs) become a greatest concern in the clinic application safety. The integral animal evaluation method commonly used in the preclinical evaluation for allergic reactions of TCMIs was not sensitive, specific, quick and objective in observation indexes. Therefore, more researchers have paid attention to the in vitro test method for evaluating allergic reactions induced by TCMIs. Currently, the methods for evaluating allergic reactions induced by TCMIs are mainly targeted at type I allergic reaction and anaphylactic reaction, with only a few in vitro methods for evaluating type II allergic reaction. In this paper, researchers summarized relevant literatures published about evaluation methods for allergic reactions induced by TCMIs in recent years.
Animals ; Complement Activation ; Drug Hypersensitivity ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Humans ; Injections ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; adverse effects

Objective To optimize the microemulsion preparation of Fufang Zicao Oil(FZO).Methods The extraction conditions of microemulsion preparation of FZO were optimized by orthogonal experiment;the kinds and contents of surfactants and cosurfactants determined by pseudo-ternary phase diagram were used for the optimization of the prescription of FZO;centrifugation method was used for detecting the stability of FZO.Results The optimum extract conditions were as follows:10-mesh coarse powder of medicinal material,four times amount of solvent(sesame oil),extraction for 25 minutes.With Tween 80 and propylene glycol(7:3)as the surfactant and cosurfactant,and mixing with the oils in the proportion of 20:10,a steady microemulsion of FZO can be obtained after centrifugation by 13000 r? min-1 for 30 min.Conclusion Under the above achieved conditions,the obtained microemulsion of FZO is clear,transparent and steady.

Background and purpose: Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adult. Due to a high tendency for early metastasis the treatment of UM is very difficult. This study aimed to explore an effective approach for the treatment of patients with UM, we designed a strategy that combined HtrA2 gene therapy and radiation therapy. Methods:pIRES-Egr1-Omi/HtrA2 (pEgr1-HtrA2) recombinant plasmids were constructed and transfected into human UM cells (OCM-1) in vitro. The transfected cells were exposed to irradiation. HtrA2 mRNA and protein levels were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot respectively. Assays that evaluated the apoptosis inducibility caused by HtrA2 gene therapy combined with radiation was performed by lfow cytometry. Followingly, the effects of HtrA2 overexpression on the in vitro radiosensitivity of uveal melanoma cells were investigated by clonogenic formation assay. The in vivo effects of HtrA2 gene therapy combined with radiation therapy were evaluated in different groups. Results:The recombinant plasmids could be successfully transferred into OCM-1 cells and transfection of pEgr1-HtrA2 plasmids combined with radiotherapy caused dramatically elevation of HtrA2 compared with non-irradiation cells in mRNA and protein levels, which was associated with increased apoptosis.Furthermore, we observed that the transfection of pEgr1-HtrA2 could significantly enhance radiosensitivity of OCM-1 cell in vitro. In mice bearing xenograft tumors, pEgr1-HtrA2 combined with radiation therapy signiifcantly inhibited tumor growth compared with the other treatment groups (P<0.05). Conclusion:Our ifndings indicate that radiation-inducible gene therapy may have potential to be a more effective and speciifc therapy for uveal melanoma because the therapeutic gene can be spatially or temporally controlled by exogenous radiation.

Combined training is a new training mode which combines the education of profes-sional degree of clinical medicine graduate and the resident standardization training. Xiangya hospital of Central South University has tried this kind of training mode since 2012. We draw lessons from the advanced training concept in America in combination with the practical situation of our hospital and have established theXiangya-Yalemodel of resident standardization training featuring with the Six Xiangya goals which areprofessional ethics, professional skills, patient safety, medical ethics, teamwork spirit, innovation and self-improvement, highlighting the project manager responsibility system, 360 degree examination and assess-ment, assessment of the OSCE, Mini-CEX evaluation. Through comparing and analyzing the midterm exami-nation scores between the combined training group and non-combined training group, we have found that the combined training group is significantly superior to non-combined training group on clinical skills. In addition, the questionnaire survey results show that most graduate students have positive attitude tocombined training. They believe it will be helpful for them to improve the ability of clinical skills, med-ical practice, doctor-patient communication skills and theoretical knowledge, and contributes to the future career development. Combined training is one major initiative deepening the reform of medical health system and medical education which greatly promotes the development of our country health enterprise, although there still exist some flaws including training teachers, content, implementation, management and evaluation.

OBJECTIVE:To eualuate the situation and the tondency of antihyperlipidemics used in Guangdong Province.METHODS:The sales volume,DDDs and daily expense of antihyperlipidemics in Guangdong Province from2000to2003were investigated and analyzed.RESULTS:The sales volumes of cardiovascular agents from2000to2003had been increasing.The proportion of antihyperlipidemics to cardiovascular agents in respect of sales volume assumed a decreasing tendency from2001.Simvastatin dominated over all other drugs in respect of sales volume and DDDs.CONCLUSION:HMG-CoA reductase in-hibitor and natural drugs dominate in the antihyperlipidemics market of Guangdong Province.

Objective To investigate and analyze cognitive similarities and differences of nurses factors that lead to the tense nurse-patient relationship from both attitudes of nurses and patients. Methods By using the method of questionnaire, 284 nurses and 305 patients were investigated respectively in a top'three hospital of a city. Results There was a significant difference in cognitive scores of nurses factors that lead to the tense nurse- patient relationship (P < 0.01), patients' scores were (3.90±0.47) points which were higher than (3.52±0.35) points of the nurses′. In dimensions of prioritization, both nurses and patients believed that technical ability, professional knowledge and service attitude were the main factors leading to the tense relationship between nurses and patients. While nurses held that communication ability was more important, patients held that the nurse′s own personality was more important. Conclusions There are similarities and differences of attitudes to nurs's factors between nurses and patients regarding tension in nurse- patient relationship. The tense relationship between nurses and patients is affected to a great extent by nurses' professional knowledge, technical ability and service attitude. Managers should objectively evaluate and fully pay attention to cognitive similarities and differences of both sides, strengthen nurses′theoretical knowledge and clinical skills training, improve service attitude, and develop good character,in order to provide high quality nursing service for patients.

Objective To explore the predictivevalue of Wilms tumor gene 1 (WT1) level on long-term outcome of acute myeloid leukemia(AML).Methods The study in accordance with the inclusion criteria were collected by computer retrieving PubMed,ScienceDirect,EBSCO,Web of Science,CNKI,VIP and Wan Fang database.The retrieval time was from inception to March 2015,the two researchers according to the inclusion and exclusion independently selected studies and extracted the data and assessed the quality,then Revman 5.2 was used for Meta analysis.Results There were 11 relevant published articles were included with 1497 case patients.Meta analysis showed that High expression of WT1 gene was a negative factor for overall survival rate (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) in patients with AML (HR =1.34,95％CI 1.14-1.58,P ＜ 0.01;HR =1.35,95％CI 1.11-1.64,P =0.003).For cytogenetically normal AML patients,the high expression of WT1 gene was still the unfavorable factor of OS (HR =1.41,95％ CI 1.01-1.99,P =0.05).Conclusion WT1 expression level could be an useful prognosis long-term outcome marker for AML patients.

Objective To investigate the role and possible mechanism of P120 catenin involving in the hemodynamic changes by inducing vascular endothelial cells injury through an in vitro experiment. Methods The hemodynamic environment under the different hemodynamic conditions at the vascular bifurcations was simulated through a T-shaped flow chamber system designed by ourselves. The human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC)cultured in vitro were stimulated and used the HUVEC cells of the small interfering RNA (SiRNA)after P120ctn gene fragments being knocked out. After loading flow rate of 250 and 500 ml/ min respectively and acting on for 12 h,the HUVEC morphology,growth pattern,and expression of P120ctn and other proteins were observed. Results (1)Normal HUVEC:500 ml/ min was loaded for 12 h,the cells were fused excessively at the impinging point,the cell gaps became narrowed,the cell density decreased and the morphology was elongated in the high wall shear stress (WSS)and wall
shear stress gradient (WSSG)regions. A part of cells migrated downstreamly,and their arrangement direction was consistent with the direction of impinging flow. Compared with the unloaded impinging flow field,after the 2 kinds of impinging flows being loaded for 12 h,the expression levels of P120ctn,vascular endothelial calcium (VEC),Kaiso,α-catenin,and other proteins were decreased. The expression level of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2)was increased. There were significant differences (all P < 0. 05). (2)HUVEC after P120ctn being knocked out:Under the impact of the impinging flow,the cell growth time was reduced to 60 min. 250 ml/ min being loaded for 60 min,the impinging point and its surrounding cells still maintained the polygon,but some cells in the high WSS and high WSSG regions began to move downstreamly and aggregated,the cell arrangement mode partly arranged along with the direction of the flow;500 ml / min being loaded for 60 min,the cell density in the high WSS and high WSSG regions were decreased significantly and the morphology was elongated. A large number of cells migrated downstreamly and aggregated. The arrangement mode was parallel and consistent with the direction of the impinging flow. Compared with the unloaded impinging flow field,after the 2 kinds of velocities being loaded for 60 min,the expression levels of VEC,Kaiso,α-catenin proteins were decreased. The expression level of MMP-2 was increased,There were significant differences (all P < 0. 05) Conclusions The hemodynamic change may induce the changes in vascular endothelial cell morphology,growth pattern,and expression of P120ctn and other related proteins, leading to the decrease of vascular endothelial cell adhesion connection stability and the expression changes of related proinflammatory factors. The knockout of P120ctn may result in a further decrease of the vascular endothelial cell adhesion connection stability.