To study the chemical constituents of Nervilia fordii (Hance) Schltr., various chromatographic methods were used, including D101 macroporous resin, silica gel, ODS and preparative HPLC chromatographic techniques. A new labdane diterpenoid glycoside named as nervilifordoside A was isolated from 60% EtOH extract of Nerviliafordii. The structure of compound 1 was elucidated as 12, 17-epoxy-3-hydroxy-17-methoxy-labdan-13-en-16, 15-olide 3-O-alpha-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-O-beta-glucopyranoside on the basis of HR-MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data as well as chemical methods.

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of human TREM-1 mRNA in patients with (biliary) infection. Methods Peripheral blood of 32 patients with biliary infection and 7 healthy volunteers were (collected). TREM-1 mRNA was determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. TNF-? was determined by ELISA method. Results The values of TREM-1/?-actin of control group was 0.48?0.072, while those of biliary infection group in 1d, 2d, 3d, 7d were 0.93?0.070,0.90?0.060,0.82?0.092,0.66?0.062 respectively (P

The bile was collected from fro patients with biliary infections, with the bacterium isolated to study the sensitivity of each kind of the bacterium to several antibiotics in common use. Except G- bacterium, we also found some kinds of G+ bacterium in infection bile. G- bacterium were not sensitive to Clindamycin, G+ bacterium were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin. Escherichia coli, Xanthomonas maltophilia, Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa were sensitive to Ampicillin. G+ bacterium were not sensitive to Azactam. Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterobacter cloacae were not sensitive to Ceftazidime. Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus coagulase negative, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa were not sensitive to Ceftriaxone Sodium. We didn't found any bacterium resistance Imipenem. The possibility of the existence of G+ bacterium as well as drug resistance should be considered n patients with biliary infections. The value of susceptibility test should be respected to avoid drug abuse of antibiotics.
Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Cholecystitis/drug therapy ; Cholecystitis/*microbiology ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Enterobacter aerogenes/drug effects ; Enterococcus faecalis/*drug effects ; Escherichia coli Infections/*drug therapy ; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/*drug therapy ; Klebsiella Infections/drug therapy ; Klebsiella pneumoniae/drug effects ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests

Objective To identify and investigate B(A)02 allele in a patient. Methods Serological tests were performed with standard serological methods in a patient with B(A)02 allele. DNA sequences of all seven exons and exon-intron boundaries of ABO gene were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), direct DNA sequencing and sequencing after gene cloning. In order to analyze the allele, PyMOL software was used to establish 3D model of Glycosyltransferases B (GTB). Results The serological results showed the characteristics of B(A) phenotype. DNA analysis revealed that ABO gene of the individual was heterozygous of B(A)02/O01 allele. 700C>G mutation was identified in B101 allele, which resulted in the amino acid substitution P234A in GTB. Through the analysis of the 3D structure of GTB, it was speculated that the P234A replacement affected the intermolecular forces of the 234 amino acid and Met-266, thus changed the conformation of the donor-binding pocket of GTB,that made GTB capable of recognizing and tranferring the GalNac to the H antigen, which can lead to the formation of the weak A antigen on membrane of red blood cells. Conclusion The P234A replacement can affect the spatial conformation of the specific recognition region conformed by Met-266 and Ala-268 residues, which leads to the antigenicity change of the ABO blood group.

Objective To study the intervention effectiveness of intensive training in medical interns’occupational exposure protection.Methods Medical interns in seven colleges and universities in Wuhan between 2011 and 2015 were chosen and divided into control group (675 medical interns in 2011 - 2013,comprehensive training about healthcare-associated infection control was conducted for once before internship )and intervention group (682 medical interns in 2014 - 2015,hospital-department-tutor three steps of intensive training was conducted),the occurrence of occupational exposure and exposure knowledge awareness between two groups were compared. Results The awareness rate of knowledge about occupational exposure protection and the implementation rate of protective measures in intervention group were both higher than control group (all P <0.05).Incidence of occupa-tional exposure in intervention group was lower than control group (21 .70%[n=148]vs 65.33%[n=441 ],χ2 =262.91 ,P <0.01);percentage of interns who conducted active serological virus detection and intensified vaccination of hepatitis B virus were both higher than control group (14.66%[n=100]vs 2.96%[n=20];11 .73%[n=80]vs 2.67%[n=18],respectively).Occupational exposure before and after intervention occurred most frequently when interns were preparing medicine,occupational exposure reporting rate in intervention group was higher than control group (72.97%[108/148]vs 50.11 % [221/441 ],χ2 =52.78,P <0.01 ).Conclusion The intensive training of occupational exposure protection among medical interns can improve the awareness and skills of occupational protec-tion,and reduce the occurrence of occupational exposure.

Objective To compare efficacy of female sterilization by modified Uchida technique and silver clips and to evaluate the influence on operation procedure and clinical effect with or without surgery training of service providers. Methods A comparative, multicenter clinical trial was performed in 18 county and township-level service centers. Totally 2198 women underwent sterilization from these 18 study center were divided into 1116 women sterilized by modified Uchida technique and 1082 women by silver clips.Those 18 centers were classified into 9 training groups which provide surgical skills of sterilization and other contents and 9 non training groups. Clinical documents of sterilization were recorded. All women were followup at 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery. Results There were no complications during surgery by both sterilization. The failure rate was 2.03% (22/1082) in silver clip method and the mean operative time were ( 12. 4 ± 6. 4 ) minutes in training group and ( 14. 4 ± 8. 1 ) minutes in non training group. In modified Uchida method, the failure rate was 0. 18% (2/1116) and the mean operative time were (16. 2 ± 4. 9)minutes in training group and (19.0 ±8.6) minutes in non training group. The mean operative time between two groups reached statistical difference ( all P ＜ 0. 05 ). Total ended rate in modified Uchida technique were 2. 2/hundred women year in training group and 2. 5/hundred women year in non training group, and the rate of silver slips were 3. 9/hundred women year and 4. 8/hundred women year, which did not show significant difference ( all P ＞ 0. 05 ). There was no significant difference in acceptability and side effects of all women between two methods (P ＞ 0. 05). The training of service providers could influence acceptability of women (P ＜ 0. 05). Conclusions Clinical efficacy was not influenced by those two methods. The operative time and acceptability were improved by training surgeons in silver clips method.

American ginseng (. Panax quinquefolius L.), belonging to the Araliaceae family, is one of the most widely used traditional herbs in the world. Its major bioactive constituents are triterpene saponins known as ginsenosides. Up to date, it is still a big challenge to sequence and assemble the large and repeat-enriched genome of tetraploid American ginseng, using whole genome shotgun (WGS) sequencing strategy. The lack of American ginseng genome information has significantly impeded its genetic and functional genomic studies. With the development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, sequencing and analysis of transcriptomes have become powerful tools for the discovery of novel genes and elucidation of specific biosynthetic pathways of secondary metabolites. Here we summarized the recent advances in the transcriptomic studies of American ginseng, including high-throughput transcriptome sequencing, assembly, and functional gene annotation and classification. Based on the results of transcriptomic data mining and co-expression analyses, many candidate genes possibly involved in the biosynthetic pathway of ginsenosides have been found, thereby providing an unparalleled opportunity to fully understand the mechanism of ginsenoside biosynthesis and its regulations in American ginseng. Advances in transcriptomic studies will contribute to the molecular breeding and planting management of American ginseng and to the development of novel ginsenoside-type drugs.

Objective To investigate the difference of clinical characteristics and outcomes between different isoforms of BCR/ABL in adults with Philadelphia-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).Methods The data of 106 adults with Ph+ALL diagnosed in our hospital from January 1, 1996 to December 31, 2007 were reviewed. The difference of clinical characteristics between different subgroups of BCR/ABL was compared and their relation with outcomes was studied. Results The median age of the 106 patients was 34 years and the median white blood cell count at baseline was 28. 5 × 109/L. Comparative analysis demonstrated that patients in p210 group had an older age, higher blood platelet count (BPC) and more frequent occurrence of splenomegaly. Referring to the outcomes, the complete remission (CR) rate of the two groups were 92. 2% and 93.9%, respectively. The median overall survival (OS) and relapse free survival (RFS) in p190 group were 13 months and 10 months, the 1,3-year estimated OS were (54. 7±6. 7)% and (5.5±5.2)%, and the 1,3-year estimated RFS were (40. 2±6. 8)% and (7. 8±6. 7)%,while in p210 group, the median OS and RFS were 15 months and 10 months, respectively, the 1,3-year estimated OS were (65.8±8. 9)% and (14. 5±7.4)%, and the 1,3-year estimated RFS were (48. 3±9. 4)% and (12. 9±7. 7)%. All of the above data had no statistic significance between the two groups.Conclusion Majority of the adults with Ph+ALL is p190 positive and patients with p210 have older age, higher BPC and more frequent occurrence of splenomegaly, while there is no significant difference between p190 group and p210 group in CR rate, RFS and OS.

Objective To investigate the effect of small interfering RNA (siRNA) interference in the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on the radiosensitivity of esophageal squamous carcinoma (Eca-109) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (OE-19) cell lines.Methods Human Eca-109 and OE-19 cell lines were selected as study subjects.Various EGFR-siRNA and negative siRNA were synthesized chemically through lipofection.Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were applied to measure the expression of EGFR before and after transfection,and the CCK8 assay was applied to analyze the influence of transfection on cell proliferation.Blank control groups of Eca-109 and OE-19 cells (O1 and O2 groups),simple irradiation groups (R1 and R2 groups),and EGFR-siRNA irradiation groups (E-R1 and E-R2 groups) were set,and the doses for single irradiation were 0,2,4,6,and 8 Gy.The colony-forming assay was applied to calculate survival fraction (SF) and sensitization enhancement ratio (SERD0 ratio),and flow cytometry was applied to evaluate the influence of EGFR-siRNA combined with radiotherapy on cell cycle distribution and apoptosis rate,and the dose for single irradiation was 6 Gy.Results The expression of EGFR in both cell lines was significantly down-regulated by EGFR-siRNA,and the inhibition rate of cell proliferation by transfection was＜5％ (4.9％ and 4.5％,respectively).The results of colony-forming assay showed that the cells in the E-R1 and E-R2 groups had a lower SF than those in the O1 and O2 groups,with an SERD0ratio of 1.40 and 1.01,respectively.The results from flow cytometry showed that compared with the E-R2 group,the E-R1 group had a higher proportion of cells in G2/M phase and a lower proportion of cells in S phase after irradiation (P=0.016 and 0.028),as well as a higher apoptosis rate (P=0.007).Conclusions Compared with the cell line OE-19,the cell line Eca-109 has a significantly increased radiosensitivity when treated with siRNA interference in EGFR expression.

Objective To summarize the common complications of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Methods 203 cases of CLL patients from the Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, CAMS & PUMC, were retrospectively reviewed and followed up.The common complications of CLL were also summarized. Survival analysis was used to analyze the prognostic value of these common complications. Results 40 (19.7 %) patients sustained infectious complications,and the respiratory tract infections were the most common type (75.6 %). 15 (7.4 %) patients complicated with autoimmune diseases (AID), and the autoimmune hemolytic anemia(AIHA) were the most common type(31.3%). 8(3.94 %) patients suffered from secondary cancers, including lung cancer, etc.3(1.48 %) patients developed other high-grade lymphomas, 2 of them transformed to prolymphocytic leukemia (PLL), 1 of them transformed to diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) which was called Richter syndrome. Complicating infections and secondary cancers or transformations were associated with poor prognosis.Complicating AIDs was not an adverse prognostic factor. Conclusion Infections, AIDs and secondary cancers or transformations are common complications of CLL patients.Lung is the most common infectious site, and AIHA is the most common AID type,none secondary cancer s incidence rate is specifically higher than the others. Infections and secondary cancers or transformations indicate poor prognosis.