Objective To explore the influence of automatic and semi-automatic hemodialyzer reuse method on hemodialyzer reuse effect. Methods 1728 dialyzers were randomly divided into automatichemodialyzer reuse group and semi- automatic hemodialyzer reuse group with 864 dialyzers in each group. Thetime of douching and testing, the cost of sterilization,the frequency of the pyrphgen reaction,the broken dialyzer membrane and re-examined dialyzer between the two groups were measured. Results The time of douching dialyzer, testing of total cell volume and pressure in the semi- automatic hemodialyzer reuse group was (26.443±3.237), (2.172±0.128) and (2.157±0.090) minutes respectively,while the automatic hemodialyzer reuse group was (5.793±0.193), (1.257±0.118) and (1.110±0.076) minutes respectively. The frequency of re-examined dialyzer in testing total cell volume and pressure was 499(57.755%), 243(28.125%) respectively. At the same time, all dialyzer in semi-automatic hemodialyzer reuse group could be examined successfully at a time. The cost of sterilization in automatic henmdialyzer reuse group was (9.330±0.138)yuan. No pyrogen reaction and broken dialyzer membrane happened. Conclusions The semi-automatic bemodialyzer reuse group can retrench cost during perfusion,but consumes long douching time, lacks matching detection equipment, difficult to detect, and is not easy to read data and has high re- examination rate. while in the automatic hemodialyzer group, it is convenient of douching and detection, but the cost of sterilization and equipment is high, and clinical demand can be fulfilled only when the dialysis center can allocate reasonable number of the machines.

Objective: To analyze the clinical features in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) combining left ventricular apical aneurysm (LVAA) . Methods: A total of 1194 HCM patients treated in our hospital from 2007-01 to 2013-01 were studied. There were 23 (1.93%) patients combining with LVAA including 19 male and 4 female; coronary artery disease (CAD) was excluded and the patients received echocardiography and coronary angiography (CAG) examinations. Results: There were 21/23 LVAA patients having left mid-ventricular obstruction and 7 of them combining simultaneous left ventricular outflow obstruction.The average pressure gradient in those 21 patients was (56.8 ± 12.9) mmHg and the rest 2 patients suffered from apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.The mean maximum thickness of left ventricular wall was (21.8 ± 6.3) mm and the dimension of left ventricle was (39.4 ± 5.2) mm. Electrocardiography showed that 3 patients had paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia;CAG indicated that 6 patients combined with coronary artery muscular bridge at left anterior descending (LAD) artery. The patients were followed-up for (2.7 ± 1.3) years and adverse cardiovascular events occurred in 5 patients during that period. Conclusion: HCM combining LVAA was most frequently happened in patients with left mid-ventricular hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, some of them combining simultaneous left ventricular outflow obstruction and had the higher occurrence rate of adverse cardiovascular events. Early and accurate diagnosis is very important for guiding clinical treatment.

Objective: To explore the short and mid-term efficacy of device closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) for treating the patients with PFO combining cryptogenic stroke (CS) and transient ischemic attack (TIA). Methods: A total of 56 PFO patients with CS and TIA receiving device closure in our hospital from 2009-05 to 2015-12 were retrospectively studied. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), electrocardiogram (ECG), chest X-ray were examined at 24h, 1 month, 3 and 6 months after theoperation; telephone visit was conducted every 6 months thereafter. Results: There were 54/56 PFO patients combining CS and 2 combining TIA; 53 (94.6%)patients received PFO occluder from Starway medical technology. Aspirin was used for 6 months after the operation. The patients were followed-up for the average of (34.67±23.24) months. No body suffered from post-operative stroke and TIA; no residual shunt was observed. Conclusion: The short and mid-term efficacy of device closure has been satisfactory for treating the patients with PFO combining CS and TIA; its overall clinical value should be further investigated in large population and long-term study.

Objective To study the practice and effect of stroke unit nurses participate in medical team rounds.Methods By stroke specialist rounds mode reformed,which consisted doctors,nurses,activity therapist,occupational therapist,speech Pathologist,and traditional healers.Before and after the intervention,the nursing professional quality and the patients' satisfaction of nursing work was investigated by using questionnaire.Results After stroke unit nurses participated in medical team rounds,Both the nursing professional quality such as master rate of knowledge about the stoke and the patients' satisfaction of nursing work were significandy improved [57.5％ vs 20.0％ ; (97.45 ± 1.89) vs (92.13 ± 2.12) ; x2 =11.850,t =4.46; P ＜ 0.05)].Conclusions Stroke unit nurses participate in medical team rounds be worthy of promotion in clinic for it can improve nursing professional quality.

Genetic studies are traditionally based on single-gene analysis. The use of these analyses can pose tremendous challenges for elucidating complicated genetic interplays involved in complex human diseases. Modern pathway-based analysis provides a technique, which allows a comprehen-sive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying complex diseases. Extensive studies uti-lizing the methods and applications for pathway-based analysis have significantly advanced our capacity to explore large-scale omics data, which has rapidly accumulated in biomedical fields. This article is a comprehensive review of the pathway-based analysis methods––the powerful methods with the potential to uncover the biological depths of the complex diseases. The general concepts and procedures for the pathway-based analysis methods are introduced and then, a comprehensive review of the major approaches for this analysis is presented. In addition, a list of available path-way-based analysis software and databases is provided. Finally, future directions and challenges for the methodological development and applications of pathway-based analysis techniques are dis-cussed. This review will provide a useful guide to dissect complex diseases.

Accumulating evidence indicated that microRNAs (miRNA) play an important role in tumor invasion and metastasis by regulating their target genes.However, whether the miRNA-216b-5p(miR-216b-5p ) and their target genes butyrophilin subfamily 3 member A2(BTN3A2) promote glioma invasion and metastasis is unclear.This study aims to study whether miR-216b-5p promoted migration and invasion in glioma cells by negatively regulating BTN3A2.The differential expression analysis of GSE15824 and GSE4290 was analyzed by GEO2R.We found that only BTN3A2 is up-regulated in both GSE15824 and GSE4290 (P<0.05).The gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) analysis indicated BTN3A2 was related to many cancer-related pathways (P<0.05).The results of survival curves showed that the overall survival of patients with high expression of BTN3A2 decreased significantly (P <0.001).The expression of BTN3A2 was increased with the increase of WHO grade (P<0.05), while the expression of BTN3A2 was increased in 1p/19q uncombined deletion and IDH mutant patients (P<0.001).Western blotting results showed that BTN3A2 was up-regulated in seven glioma tissues and glioma cell lines U87, U251 and LN-229 and downregulated in the miR-216b-5p mimics group; Transwell results showed that transfection with BTN3A2 silencing plasmids(si-BTN3A2) or miR-216b-5p mimics plasmids could inhibit the ability of migration and invasion in LN-229 cells in vitro (P<0.05).The online websites predicted miR-216b-5p as a potential target gene of BTN3A2.The survival curve results show that compared with patients with low expression of miR-216b-5p , the survival rate of patients with high expression was significantly increased (P=0.025).The relative expression of miR-216b-5p was decreased in U87, U251 and LN229 cells was detected by real time quantitative PCR (P<0.05).The results of dual luciferase assay showed that BTN3A2 could bind to miR-216b-5p (P<0.05).Transwell experiment results showed that overexpression of miR-216b-5p can inhibit the migration and invasion ability of LN229 cells (P<0.05).In summary, miR-216b-5p promotes the migration and invasion by targeting BTN3A2 of LN-229 glioma cells.

Clinical breakpoints are used in phaseⅡorⅢclinical trials to categorize microorganisms if susceptibility to new tested antibacterial agents that means the patient infected by the pathogen will be enrolled the study or not.The role of this consensus is to define procedure and required data to setting breakpoints and how to revaluate it in clinical trials.

Mongolian medicine is the traditional drug with the theory of Mongolian medicine and pharmacy as a guide, which made a great contribution to the survival and development of the Mongolian people. Mongolian medicine "Bashaga" faced the situations of origin is unclear, and clinical therapy is confused and so on. This paper summarizes the original plants and studies the species textual research and ethnopharmacology of Mongolian medicine "Bashaga". This paper intends to ensure authentic plant and provide comprehensive insight into the chemical constituents, pharmacology and application status of Mongolian medicine "Bashaga" to discuss the rationality of the confirmation in "Bashaga" authentic plant.

The present study was designed to investigate whether a combination of four effective components derived from Sheng-mai san (SMXZF; ginsenoside Rb1: ginsenoside Rg1: DT-13: Schizandrol A as 6 : 9 : 4 : 5) could attenuate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced injury in PC12 cells, focusing on the Akt and MAPK pathways . The PC12 cells were exposed to H2O2 (400 μmol·L(-1)) for 1 h in the presence or absence of SMXZF pre-treatment for 24 h. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. The efflux of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), the intracellular content of malondialdehyde (MDA), the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and caspase-3 were also determined. Cell apoptosis was measured by Hoechst 33342 staining and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining method. The expression of Bcl-2, Bax, cleaved caspase-3, Akt, and MAPKs were detected by Western blotting analyses. SMXZF pretreatment significantly increased the cell viability and SOD activity and improved the cell morphological changes, while reduced the levels of LDH and MDA at the concentrations of 0.1, 1 and 10 μg·mL(-1). SMXZF also inhibited H2O2-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells. Moreover, SMXZF reduced the activity of caspase-3, up-regulated the protein ratio of Bcl-2 and Bax and inhibited the expression of cleaved caspase-3, p-Akt, p-p38, p-JNK and p-ERK1/2 in H2O2-induced PC12 cells. Co-incubation of Akt inhibitor or p38 inhibitor partly attenuated the protection of SMXZF against H2O2-injured PC12 cells. In conclusion, our findings suggested that SMXZF attenuated H2O2-induced injury in PC12 cells by inhibiting Akt and MAPKs signaling pathways, which might shed insights on its neuroprotective mechanism.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; toxicity ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases ; genetics ; metabolism ; PC12 Cells ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects

General anesthesia is an unconscious state induced by anesthetics for surgery. The molecular targets and cellular mechanisms of general anesthetics in the mammalian nervous system have been investigated during past decades. In recent years, K channels have been identified as important targets of both volatile and intravenous anesthetics. This review covers achievements that have been made both on the regulatory effect of general anesthetics on the activity of K channels and their underlying mechanisms. Advances in research on the modulation of K channels by general anesthetics are summarized and categorized according to four large K channel families based on their amino-acid sequence homology. In addition, research achievements on the roles of K channels in general anesthesia in vivo, especially with regard to studies using mice with K channel knockout, are particularly emphasized.
Anesthetics, General ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Humans ; Potassium Channels ; metabolism