At present, the level of diagnosis and treatment of early gastrointestinal cancer has a larger gap between China and developed countries. In recent years, the advent of new endoscopic imaging techniques has improved the detection rate of early gastrointestinal cancer. Along with this, endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) enables radical resection for early cancer. In this article, we discuss how to improve the level of endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of early gastrointestinal cancer.
China ; Endoscopy, Digestive System ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Humans

Objective To study the effects of heart ischemia reperfusion on conductive function of atrioventricular node (AVN) in rabbits. Methods Animal models of ischemia reperfusion of AVN were established by ligating and reopening the right coronary artery of rabbits. A total of 60 adult rabbits were divided into control groups ( n =10), right coronary artery occlusion group ( n =10), and ischemia reperfusion groups with ligation of the right artery occlusion for 10, 30, 60 and 120 min respectively ( n =10 for every subgroup). The hemodynamics, His bundle electrography and epicardial electography were carried out and recorded. Results After occlusion of right coronary artery, 94.8% animals in experimental groups were found to have prolonged atrial His interval (AH) ( P

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of ropivacaine and bupivacaine on energy supply and mitochondrial oxidation phosphorylation of isolated rabbit heart muscle in order to compare the cardiotoxicity of the two local anestheties and explain the mechanism Methods Twenty four New Zealand rabbits weighing (2135?345)g were randomly divided into three groups of 8 animals each: control group(C); ropivacaine group(R) and bupivacaine group (B) The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal urethane 2g?kg -1 and heparinized (heparin 4mg?kg -1 ) Heart was quickly removed and connected to Langendoff preparation and perfused with oxygenated Krebs Henseleit buffer solution at normothermia(37℃) via aorta After 15 min perfusion, ropivacaine (group R) or bupivacaine(group B) was added to perfusate(500ng?ml -1 ) The heart was then perfused for another 10 min Myocardial tissue was taken from ventricle for determination of ATP, ADP and AMP content with high performance liquid chromatography Myocardial mitochondria was prepared and its oxidation of pyruvate and palmitoylcarnitine was measured using Clark electrode Results Myocardial ATP and ADP decreased significantly in group R and B as compared with those in group C The decrease in ATP and ADP in group B was more than that in group R (P

ObjectiveTo study the effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on the cholinergic neurons of hippocampus and praxiology of vascular dementia rats.MethodsThe vascular dementia models were made and divided into control and therapy group. After 30 days of HBO therapy, abilities of learning and memory of rats were tested by using the Morris water maze. Immunochemistry staining was used to observe the number of cholinergic neurons of CA1 subfield of hippocampus. ResultsAbilities of learning and memory of rats and the number of the neurons positive to ChAT like immunoreaction in the CA1 subfield of the hippocampus significantly increased in therapy group.ConclusionHyperbaric oxygen therapy is effective on the vascular dementia model rats.

Objective To evaluate the significance of standardized ultrasound examination of fetal structures in the ifrst trimester (11-13+6 weeks). Methods The ultrasound data of 29 858 fetuses who underwent the ifrst trimester screening were analyzed retrospectively in Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Capital Medical University from January 2010 to December 2012 and followed up the cases with structural abnormalities and increased nuchal translucency (NT). Results Among 29 858 fetuses, 328 structural defects were detected in 284 fetuses (0.95%) by ultrasound in the first trimester, including fetal hydrops (124 cases), choroid plexus cysts (36 cases), exencephaly (32 cases), gastroschisis (24 cases), exomphalos (22 cases), cardiac defects (19 cases), megacystis (14 cases), spine abnormalities (10 cases), meningoceles/encephaloceles (9 cases), alobar holoprosencephaly (8 cases), hydrocephaly (7 cases), abnormalities of extremities (7 cases), acrania (6 cases), amniotic band syndrome (4 cases), abdominal cyst (3 cases) and conjoined twins (3 cases). Pregnancy was terminated in all cases (115) with exencephaly, gastroschisis, exomphalos, meningoceles/encephaloceles, alobar holoprosencephaly, hydrocephaly,abnormalities of extremities, acrania, amniotic band syndrome and conjoined twins, and the defects were verified by the gross appearance of fetuses. Two cases of megacystis were turned out to be normal during follow-up while 1 case was proved to be aneuploid and 1 other case progressed to multiple abnormalities during the second trimester. Most choroid plexus cysts, except 1 case of aneuploid, were normal during the second and the third trimester follow-ups by ultrasound. Thirteen cases of fetal hydrops were found to be aneuploids and 4 hydrops cases were proved to be complicated with other structural defects during the second and the third trimester. NT was increased in 422 cases (1.41%), among which 122 cases (28.91%) were complicated with structural defects and/or fetal hydrops. Ninty-nine cases with increased NT underwent chromosomal examination and 38 cases were found to be aneuploides. During the follow-up of 298 cases with increased NT who continued pregnancy, 21 structural abnormalities were found, including cardiac defects (14 cases), neural abnormalities (4 cases) and diaphragmatic hernia (3 cases). Conclusion The standardized fetal ultrasound in the first trimester is a effective tool for the screening of aneupolides and major structural abnormalities.

Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Aged ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Keratins ; metabolism ; Male ; Mucin-1 ; metabolism ; Palatal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Palate, Hard ; surgery ; Tongue Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery

Tunnel endoscopy is a new therapeutic technique developed from natural orifice endoscopic transluminal surgery and endoscopic submucosal dissection. With the quick development in the passing 5 years, tunnel endoscopy has been applied in the treatment of clinical diseases. In this article, our aim was to clarify the indication and method, evaluate the efficacy and safety of tunnel endoscopy for the treatment of esophagogastric diseases, including esophageal achalasia and submucosal tumors originating from the muscularis propria layer.
Endoscopy, Digestive System ; adverse effects ; methods ; Esophageal Diseases ; surgery ; Humans ; Stomach Diseases ; surgery

ObjectiveTo explore the genetic impact of TPH1 A218C,MAOA-uVNTR on abnormal frontal lobe of depressed patients and the interactions between the two polymorphisms using the method of genetic imaging.Methods28 patients with major depression and 34 healthy controls which were equal in sex,age,years of education and had negative family history of mental illness were recruited in our study.All paticipants underwent functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (FMRI) in negative emotion recognition and were divided into different genotypes.Then frontal lobe was extracted as region of interest by WFU software into six subregions-bilateral superior frontal lobe,middle frontal lobe and inferior frontal lobe.ResultsPatients (0.19 ± 0.01 ) and controls (0.15± 0.05 ) with TPH1 AA genotype showed increased activation in left inferior frontal lobe than patients and controls with AC or CC genot.Patients with AA genotype showed increased activation in right inferior frontal gyrus(0.28 ±0.07) than other five groups as well.Patients with MAOA-H genotype showed increased activation in right middle frontal gyrus(0.15 ±0.06),left inferior frontal gyrus(0.18±0.02) than patients and controls with L genotype.Superimposition of TPH1 A218C and MAOA-uVNTR exsited in abnormal function of left inferior frontal gyrus(F=4.98,P =0.047 ).Patients with AA and H genotype showed increased activation in this area significantly than other patient group.ConclusionDifferent genes in serotonin system can affect brain function through a common 5-HT feature.

ObjectiveTo study information transmission circumstances within the neural circuits related to the attentional controls of the mate depression patients.MethodsTwelve unipolar depression patients and twelve age- and education- matched healthy controls were involved in the Stroop word-color interference test to detect the variation of brain inhibitory function by Magnetoencephalography scanning.ResultsCompared with the healthy controls,the abnormally activities in depressed patients during in chronological order were separately as follow:decreased activation in the left postcentral gyrus ( t =3.10 ),the right superior frontal gyrus ( t =2.16 ),the left middle frontal gyrus (t=2.64),the left parietal lobe (t=2.89),the right middle temporal grus( t=1.92),the right superior temporal gyrus(t=2.84),the right insula(t=3.03),the right precuneus(t=2.98),the bilateral middle frontal gyros ( t =3.64,t =2.25 ),the right postcentral gyrus ( t =2.20),the right cingulate gyrus ( t =4.04 ),the bilateral precuneus ( t =2.79,t =1.87 ) ;increased activation in the left caudate body ( t =1.91 ),the left pulvinar ( t =2.56),the left middle temporal gyrus( t =1.89),the left precentral gyrus( t =2.02) (P ＜ 0.05,uncorrected).ConclusionThe abnormal activation in the brain regions related with attentional control processing is detected in the male recurrent unipolar recurrent major depression,performances of limbic system increased and.cortex declined more in the recurrent depressed.

Objective To study the effect of ischemia reperfusion(IR) on electrophysiological function of sinoatrial node(SAN) in rabbits. Methods Ninety healthy adult rabbits were divided randomly into control group, ischemia groups (I) 10(I10 min), 30(I30 min), 60(I60 min) and 120 min(I120 min) and IR groups (10, 30, 60 and 120 min ischemia followed by 4 h reperfusion respectively)(I10 minR4 h, I30 minR4 h, I60 minR4 h and I120 minR4 h). There were 10 rabbits in the control group and each subgroup. IR injury model of SAN was established by occluding and loosening the start section of right coronary artery(RCA). The changes of AA interval and arrhythmia were recorded by electrocardiography and cardiac chamber electrography synchronously. Results ① There was no significant difference in AA interval between different time points in the control group. ② Sinus arrest(SA), sinus bradycardia with arrhythmia(SB), or atrial tachyarrhythmia(AT) were found in 51 rabbits (63.75%) out of 80 rabbits in I and IR groups in ischemic period. The incidence rate of arrhythmia increased in a time dependent manner. The AA intervals also increased by at least 40 ms in 54 rabbits (67.5%). ③ Sinus or atrial arrhythmia during ischemic period was found in 26 out of the 40 rabbits in IR group, but 15 returned normal after reperfusion. ④ Increased AA intervals were found in 27 out of the 40 rabbits in IR group during ischemic period. Most of them recovered to pre occlusion level within 10 min after reperfusion, but the AA intervals prolonged again in I60 minR4 h and I120 minR4 h groups as the reperfusion elongated. Conclusion ① These findings suggest that about 2/3 of the rabbit sinus node arteries may stem from right coronary artery. ② Electrophysiological changes due to ischemia of SAN resemble the electrocardiogram of sick sinoatrial node syndrome. ③ Reperfusion arrhythmia can be induced by reperfusion after a long time of ischemia.