This study aimed to characterize and identify the non-volatile components in aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the stems and leaves of Rhododendron tomentosum by using sensitive and efficient ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry(UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) combined with a self-built information database. By comparing with reference compounds, analyzing fragment ion information, searching relevant literature, and using a self-built information database, 118 compounds were identified from the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of R. tomentosum, including 35 flavonoid glycosides, 15 phenolic glycosides, 12 flavonoids, 7 phenolic acids, 7 phenylethanol glycosides, 6 tannins, 6 phospholipids, 5 coumarins, 5 monoterpene glycosides, 6 triterpenes, 3 fatty acids, and 11 other types of compounds. Among them, 102 compounds were reported in R. tomentosum for the first time, and 36 compounds were identified by comparing them with reference compounds. The chemical components in the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of R. tomentosum leaves and stems showed slight differences, with 84 common chemical components accounting for 71.2% of the total 118 compounds. This study systematically characterized and identified the non-volatile chemical components in the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of R. tomentosum for the first time. The findings provide a reference for active ingredient research, quality control, and product development of R. tomentosum.
Rhododendron/chemistry* ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Mass Spectrometry/methods* ; Plant Leaves/chemistry*

OBJECTIVE: To study the results, re-donation situation and characteristics of single-reagent reactive blood donors who were put into the reentry strategy in Wuhan area, explore the rationality and effectiveness of the current reentry strategy, and provide data support for the improvement of the reentry process of blood donors. METHODS: From January 2020 to December 2023, blood donors who conform the reentry criteria and voluntarily applied for returning to Wuhan Blood Center were tested and the results were analyzed. According to the reentry strategy, serological testing and nucleic acid testing were carried out in parallel, serological testing was performed by ELISA with reagents from two different manufacturers, and the primary reactive samples were tested by double-well retest, and HBV/HCV/HIV nucleic acid detection was performed by RT-PCR with an individual donor test mode. Supplementary HBcAb testing was applied for HBV single reagent reactivity by chemiluminescence method. Supplementary TP-WB testing was applied for returning blood donors with repeated TP single reagent reactivity. If returning blood donors with HIV single reagent reactivity were repeated single reagent reactivity, the samples were sent to local CDC for confirmatory test. RESULTS: 7 098 blood donors were qualified for reentry, 716 donors voluntarily applied for reentry, 436 donors successfully reentry, 251 donors entered the next round, 29 donors could not reentry. The reentry rates for the past four years were 66.67%（42/63）, 54.73%（81/148）, 60.71%（136/224） and 62.99%（177/281）, respectively. Up to December 31, 2023, 275 donors donated blood again, and the donation rates for past four years were 76.19%（32/42）, 72.84%（59/81）, 61.76%（84/136） and 56.50%（100/177）, respectively. After donating blood, 31 donors were disqualified again by blood screening and subjected to permanent deferral. The results of returning to the team had statistical differences in reentry items, educational level, age, and marriage（P < 0.05）. CONCLUSION The current reentry strategy adopted by the blood donation and supply institution can effectively retain part of blood donors, reduce the negative emotions of blood donors and increase blood resources.
Humans ; Blood Donors ; China ; Hepatitis B ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Hepatitis C ; Male

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of miR-483-5p on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells proliferation and stemness, as well as the attenuating effect of Pien Tze Huang (PZH). METHODS: Differentially expressed miRNA between HepG2 cells and hepatic cancer stem-like cells (HCSCs) were identified by a miRNA microarray assay. miR-483-5p mimics were transfected into HepG2 cells to explore the effects of miR-483-5p on cell proliferation and stemness. HepG2 cells and HCSCs were treated with PZH (0, 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 mg/mL) to explore the effects of PZH on the proliferation and stemness, both in non-induced state and the state induced by miR-483-5p mimics. RESULTS: miR-483-5p was significantly up-regulated in HCSCs and its overexpression increased cell proliferation and stemness in HepG2 cells (P<0.05). PZH not only significantly inhibited proliferation in HepG2 cells, but also significantly suppressed the cell proliferation and self-renewal of HCSCs (P<0.05). The effects of miR-483-5p mimics on proliferation and stemness of HepG2 cells were partially abolished by PZH. CONCLUSIONS miR-483-5p promotes proliferation and enhances stemness of HepG2 cells, which were attenuated by PZH, demonstrating that miR-483-5p is a potential molecular target for the treatment of HCC and provide experimental evidence to support clinical use of PZH for patients with HCC.
Humans ; MicroRNAs/metabolism* ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects* ; Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy* ; Hep G2 Cells ; Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects*

Neuropathic pain, a debilitating condition caused by dysfunction of the somatosensory nervous system, remains difficult to treat due to limited understanding of its molecular mechanisms. Bioinformatics analysis identified cerebellin 2 (CBLN2) as highly enriched in human and murine proprioceptive and nociceptive neurons. We found that CBLN2 expression is persistently upregulated in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) following spinal nerve ligation (SNL) in mice. In addition, transcription factor SOX11 binds to 12 cis-regulatory elements within the Cbln2 promoter to enhance its transcription. SNL also induced SOX11 upregulation, with SOX11 and CBLN2 co-localized in nociceptive neurons. The siRNA-mediated knockdown of Sox11 or Cbln2 attenuated SNL-induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. High-throughput sequencing of DRG following intrathecal injection of CBLN2 revealed widespread gene expression changes, including upregulation of numerous NF-κB downstream targets. Consistently, CBLN2 activated NF-κB signaling, and inhibition with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate reduced CBLN2-induced pain hypersensitivity, proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines production, and neuronal hyperexcitability. Together, these findings identified the SOX11/CBLN2/NF-κB axis as a critical mediator of neuropathic pain and a promising target for therapeutic intervention.
Animals ; Neuralgia/metabolism* ; Ganglia, Spinal/metabolism* ; Up-Regulation ; Mice ; NF-kappa B/metabolism* ; SOXC Transcription Factors/genetics* ; Male ; Neuroinflammatory Diseases/metabolism* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics* ; Hyperalgesia/metabolism* ; Signal Transduction ; Spinal Nerves

Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is a naturally occurring, low-toxicity, and hydrophilic bile acid (BA) in the human body that is converted by intestinal flora using primary BA. Solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) functions to uptake extracellular cystine in exchange for glutamate, and is highly expressed in a variety of human cancers. Retroperitoneal liposarcoma (RLPS) refers to liposarcoma originating from the retroperitoneal area. Lipidomics analysis revealed that UDCA was one of the most significantly downregulated metabolites in sera of RLPS patients compared with healthy subjects. The augmentation of UDCA concentration (≥25 μg/mL) demonstrated a suppressive effect on the proliferation of liposarcoma cells. [¹⁵N₂]-cystine and [¹³C₅]-glutamine isotope tracing revealed that UDCA impairs cystine uptake and glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Mechanistically, UDCA binds to the cystine transporter SLC7A11 to inhibit cystine uptake and impair GSH de novo synthesis, leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and mitochondrial oxidative damage. Furthermore, UDCA can promote the anti-cancer effects of ferroptosis inducers (Erastin, RSL3), the murine double minute 2 (MDM2) inhibitors (Nutlin 3a, RG7112), cyclin dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) inhibitor (Abemaciclib), and glutaminase inhibitor (CB839). Together, UDCA functions as a cystine exchange factor that binds to SLC7A11 for antitumor activity, and SLC7A11 is not only a new transporter for BA but also a clinically applicable target for UDCA. More importantly, in combination with other antitumor chemotherapy or physiotherapy treatments, UDCA may provide effective and promising treatment strategies for RLPS or other types of tumors in a ROS-dependent manner.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection's effect on gestational liver function, pregnancy and delivery complications, and neonatal development. METHODS: A total of 157 HCV antibody-positive (anti-HCV[+]) and HCV RNA(+) patients (Group C) and 121 anti-HCV(+) and HCV RNA(-) patients (Group B) were included as study participants, while 142 anti-HCV(-) and HCV RNA(-) patients (Group A) were the control group. Data on biochemical indices during pregnancy, pregnancy complications, delivery-related information, and neonatal complications were also collected. RESULTS: Elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) rates in Group C during early, middle, and late pregnancy were 59.87%, 43.95%, and 42.04%, respectively-significantly higher than Groups B (26.45%, 15.70%, 10.74%) and A (23.94%, 19.01%, 6.34%) ( P < 0.05). Median ALT levels in Group C were significantly higher than in Groups A and B at all pregnancy stages ( P < 0.05). No significant differences were found in neonatal malformation rates across groups ( P > 0.05). However, neonatal jaundice incidence was significantly greater in Group C (75.16%) compared to Groups A (42.25%) and B (57.02%) ( χ ² = 33.552, P < 0.001). HCV RNA positivity during pregnancy was an independent risk factor for neonatal jaundice ( OR = 2.111, 95% CI 1.242-3.588, P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS Chronic HCV infection can affect the liver function of pregnant women, but does not increase the pregnancy or delivery complication risks. HCV RNA(+) is an independent risk factor for neonatal jaundice.
Humans ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Adult ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Infant, Newborn ; Viremia/virology* ; Hepatitis C ; Hepacivirus/physiology* ; Hepatitis C, Chronic/virology* ; Young Adult ; Alanine Transaminase/blood*

BACKGROUND:Paraspinal muscle degeneration is one of the main causative factors of low back pain,and the changes in the paraspinal muscles are closely related to its occurrence and development.At present,clinical practitioners focus on the changes of paraspinal muscles in degenerative lumbar diseases to prevent and treat lumbar diseases,but ignore the connection and related mechanisms between lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration and paraspinal muscles.OBJECTIVE:To comprehensively summarize the interaction between paraspinal muscles and lumbar intervertebral discs,and to review the relationship and mechanisms between lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration and paraspinal muscles,in order to provide a reference for clinical prevention and treatment.METHODS:Chinese keywords"lumbar intervertebral disc,paraspinal muscle,multifidus muscle,low back pain,degeneration,imaging,magnetic resonance imaging"were used to search the relevant literature in Chinese databases such as CNKI,VIP,and WanFang.English keywords"lumbar disc,paraspinal muscle,multifidus muscle,low back pain,degeneration,imaging,MRI"were used to search the relevant literature in databases such as Medline,PubMed,and Web of Science.After preliminary screening of titles and abstracts,68 articles were finally selected for result analysis according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Researchers have used various methods to evaluate the degree of paraspinal muscle degeneration,and at the same time evaluated the degree of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration according to the Pfirrmann grading system.It is found that clinical diagnosis and treatment should pay attention to gender differences,and the influence of factors such as obesity on the degeneration of intervertebral discs and muscles,in order to develop more individualized treatment plans.(2)There is a certain correlation between lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration and paraspinal muscle fat infiltration,but the research results are controversial.Most studies have found that fat infiltration of the paraspinal muscles(especially the multifidus muscle)is positively correlated with the degree of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration.(3)It is currently believed that the three mechanisms of disuse atrophy,denervation,and inflammatory factors may interact with each other to jointly lead to structural and functional changes in the paraspinal muscles,which are closely related to the occurrence of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration and low back pain.(4)Clinically,attention should be paid to the changes of the muscles at the level below the affected nerve root segment,which is helpful for the diagnosis and localization of lumbar radiculopathy.At the same time,inhibition of inflammatory factors may become a potential target for treatment.(5)Clinically,the first step is to correct nerve root compression through appropriate medication or surgery to control inflammatory reactions and nerve root pain,and then carry out targeted muscle rehabilitation training.If necessary,consider using new treatment methods such as interferential current electrical stimulation to improve the patient's symptoms and prognosis.

Objective To investigate the influencing factors of pain during ultrasound-guided puncture sclerotherapy in the treatment of ovarian chocolate cyst(OEC).Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 209 OEC patients undergoing ultrasound-guided puncture sclerotherapy in our department from September 2021 to September 2023.Demographic data,medical history and surgical information were collected.According to surgical approach,they were divided into transabdominal surgery group(n=57)and transvaginal surgery group(n=152).Pain scores were assessed at 5 surgical time points:needle insertion,irrigation,displacement,sclerosis,and needle withdrawal.Pain scores were compared between the 2 groups at each surgical moment.According to the pain scores at the moments of needle insertion and replacement,the patients were divided into the no/mild pain group(pain score ≤ 3)and the moderate/severe pain group(pain score ≥4),and the related factors of the incidence of moderate/severe pain were analyzed.Results There was no statistical difference in intraoperative pain between different surgical approaches(transabdominal/transvaginal)in treating OEC under the guidance of ultrasound.At the moment of needle insertion,significantly higher incidence of moderate/severe pain was observed in the patients with a body mass index(BMI)＞23.9 kg/m2 than those with BMI ≤23.9 kg/m2,and those with a history of dysmenorrhea than those without(P＜0.05).At the time point of displacement,BMI and history of dysmenorrhea had no correlation with the incidence of moderate/severe pain.Age,obstetric history,mode of delivery,time of menarche,menstrual volume,history of pelvic surgery,history of combined adenomyosis,size of cysts,duration of surgery,and surgical approach had no notable impacts on intraoperative pain.Conclusion Different surgical approaches for ultrasound-guided puncture sclerotherapy of OEC have no effect on pain levels at various surgical moments.From the aspect of humanistic care,transabdominal puncture should be preferred.During needle insertion and displacement,particular attention should be given to the overweight patients and those with a history of dysmenorrhea,and appropriate pain intervention measures should be formulated.

Objective To explore the perfusion distribution of vertebral arteries(VA)in healthy adults,and to observe the impact of VA diameter on perfusion distribution based on territorial arterial spin labeling(t-ASL)technique.Methods A total of 228 healthy adult volunteers were prospectively recruited.t-ASL imaging was utilized to analyze VA perfusion patterns in supratentorial region.Bilateral VA diameters,absolute inter-side VA diameter differences,as well as perfusion volumes(PV)supplied by each VA to supratentorial,cerebellar and their combined were recorded.Pearson correlation analysis was performed to analyze the correlations of VA diameters with PVsupratentorial,PVcerebellar and PVsupratentorial+cerebellar.Results Five patterns of distinct perfusion distribution were identified in supratentorial region,leading to participant stratification into 5 groups.Significant differences of absolute inter-side VA diameter differences was found among groups(P＜0.001).The mean bilateral VA diameter,PVsupratentorial,PVcerebellar and PVsupratentorial+cerebellar was(1.94±0.49)mm,(91.77±49.34)cm3,(74.72±27.68)cm3 and(166.49±59.53)cm3,respectively.VA diameter showed low-moderate positive correlations with PVsupratentorial,PVcerebellar and PVsupratentorial+cerebellar(r=0.483,0.179,0.484,all P＜0.001).Conclusion Perfusion imaging of t-ASL could visualize various perfusion distribution forms of VA in supratentorial region.Diameter of VA had certain impact on both spatial distribution characteristics and quantitative perfusion volumes.