Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anti-Infective Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Cross Infection ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; Female ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumoconiosis ; microbiology ; Pneumonia ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; Retrospective Studies

2?l 10% ricin were injected into the pelvic nerve of cats. After 3～5 survival days 20% HRP solution was injected into the ipsilateral lateral parabrachial nucleus, 2～3 days later the animals were perfused with paraformaldehyde and glutaraldehyde, the brain and spinal cord were removed and processed for light and electron microscopy. It was confirmed that the primary afferent terminals (degenerated) of pelvic nerve formed axo-dendritic and axo-somatic synapses with the retrograde labelled neurons projected to the lateral parabrachial nucleus which were located in the dorsal commissure nucleus (DCN), intermediolateral nucleus (IML) and lamina Ⅰ of sacral spinal cord. Hence, the secondary afferent pathway of pelvic visceral sensation, as. indicated at the ultrastructural level, might originate from DCN, IML and lamina Ⅰ of sacral spinal cord and project to the lateral parabrachial nucleus.

The Nissl and Golgi staining methods and electron microscopy were u(?)o investigate the architecture of dorsal commissure nucleus (DCN) of the sacral spinal cord in cat. A morphologically specific nucleus could be identified in the medial part of the lamina Ⅵ of dorsal horn. The nucleus located beside the dorsal funiculus at the lumbar level and gradually moved toward the midline of the dorsal gray commissure in the ventromedial direction as the dorsal gray commissure enlarged at the segments S_(1-2) and two ellipsoid nuclei was formed at the two sides of the midline. A large triangular nucleus was gradually formed by fusion of the two nuclei at S_3-Co_1. Golgi stain positive neurons could be classified into three types: (1) small-triangular neurons (60%); (2) fusiform neurons (30%); (3) oval and irregular neurons (10%). The cell organells of most neurons were plentiful. The cell nucleus was irregular and often with deep invaginations. A large number of free ribosomes and saccules could be found in the canals formed by the nuclear invagination. There were axo-dentritic, axo-axonic, axo-somatic synaptic contacts in the DCN with percentages of 89%, 6%, and 5% respectively. The serial synapse, axo-spinous synapse and crest synapses could also be found.

Objective To detect the changes and clinical significance of the expression of anti‐GPⅡb/Ⅲa and anti‐GPⅠb/ⅠX on anti‐secreting B cells in patient with thrombocytopenia .Methods Expression of anti‐GPⅡb/Ⅲa and anti‐GPⅠb/ⅠX specific autoantibodies in thrombocytopenia were tested with (CBA) .Results There were significantly more circulating anti‐GPⅠ b/ⅠX and anti‐GPⅡb/Ⅲa antibody‐producing B cells in primary ITP(P<0 .05) for all comparisons .For diagnosing primary ITP ,the an‐ti‐GPⅠb/ⅠX had 43% sensitivity and 89% specificity ,whereas the anti‐GPⅡ b/Ⅲ a had 86% sensitivity and 83% specificity . When two tests were combined ,the sensitivity improved to 90% without a reduction in specificity .Conclusion The assay for detec‐ting anti‐GPⅠb/ⅠX is useful for identifying patients with ITP ,but its utility for diagnosing ITP is inferior to the anti‐GPⅡb/Ⅲa assay .

Gui-Ling-Ji (GLJ), a classical prescription of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is the only existing compound of refining agent after 400-year testing. It is also one of 4 kinds of TCM secret varieties of the first batch after liberation. However, due to the lack of in-depth modern research, the magical effect of GLJ has not been fully understood and the clinical application has also been influenced. This article analyzed the situation and problems of secret varieties and GLJ. Experiences and strategies of the successful redevelopment of secret varieties were re-ferred to. Then, this paper proposed modern research thoughts of GLJ in order to realize the actively protection and the second development of the prescription.

To investigate the effects of the effective component group of Xiaoxuming Decoction (XXM), a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on cerebral mitochondria in rats with chronic cerebral ischemia.

Objective To investigate pulmonary capillary changes in patients with diabetes mellitus. Meth-otis Fifty-eight patients with diabetes mellitus were enrolled and forty-seven healthy subjects were taken as control. Diffusion capacity of carbonmonoxide (DLCO) and pulmonary ventilatory function were measured. DM and Vc were measured in twenty-one patients and twelve healthy subjects among them. Results FEV1/FVC was (81.02± 6.40) % in patients with diabetes mellitus and ( 81.20±6.96 ) % in controls, and FEV 1% was ( 102.03±14.40) in patients with diabetes mellitus and 103.94±11.42 in controls ,with no significant difference between patients with DLCO% was ( 72.79±19.85 ) % in patients with diabetes mellitus and ( 90.60±13.25 ) % in controls with a sig-patients whose course of disease was less than ten years,and DLCO% was (64.69±17.49)% in patients with dia-betes mellitus whose course of disease is equal or more than ten years and (80.90±18.98)% in patients whose course of disease is less than ten years,with significant difference between these two groups (t = 4.435, -3. 381, 13.88)% in patients with diabetes mellitas and (83.58±26.79)% in controls with a significant difference (t = 4. 612, P < 0.001 ). Vc was ( 61.40±52.84 ) ml in patients with diabetes mellitus and ( 66.99±19.63 ) ml in con-trols with no significant difference (P > 0.05 ), and Vc% was (78.05±64. 40)% in patients with diabetes mellitus and (79.33±23.32) % in controls, with no significant difference ( P > 0.05 ). Conclusions Diffusing capacity is decreased in patients with diabetes mellitus, which is related to the course of disease . DM decline is the main cause of DLCO decrease in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Objectives To find problems in the systematic management of maternal health and to provide evidence for developing effective interventions to reduce maternal mortality in Shanghai. Methods Every maternal death from 2000 to 2009 was audited by experts and relevant informations were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Results ( 1 ) Number of live births. The number of live births in Shanghai rised from 84 898 in 2000 to 187 335 in 2009, which increased by 120. 7%. Notably, the number of live births of migrating people increased 4. 6 times. In 2000, it took up 25.5% and in 2009, it rose to 54. 8%. ( 2 )Maternal mortality ratio (MMR) and its composition. The total live births from 2000 to 2009 was 1 279 010,among which there were 262 maternal deaths, with average maternal mortality of 20. 48 per 100 000 live birth (262/1 279 010). For Shanghai residents, the MMR was 8.09 per 100 000 live births (55/680 005 ),while the MMR of migrating people was 34. 56 per 100 000 live births ( 207/599 005 ). ( 3 ) Trends of MMR. The MMR declined from 21.2 per 100 000 live births in 2000 to 9.61 per 100 000 live births in 2009. The MMR of Shanghai residents maintained below 10 per 100 000 live births with exception of year 2003 and 2004. The MMR of migrating people declined sharply. In 2002 it was 77.42 per 100 000 live births, and in 2009 it decreased to 11. 69 per 100 000 live births. (4)The composition of causes of maternal deaths and rank order. The top 5 causes of deaths were obstetric hemorrhage (69 cases, 26. 3% of the total deaths), pregnancy induced hypertension (27 cases, 10. 3% of the total deaths), heart diseases (24 cases,9. 2% of the total deaths), liver diseases ( 17 cases, 6. 5% of the total deaths), amniotic fluid embolism and ectopic pregnancy ( 15 cases respectively, 5.7% of the total deaths). ( 5 ) The changes of causes between the first 5 years and the latter 5 years. The MMR of ectopic pregnancy, heart diseases and pregnancy induced hypertension changed significantly in Shanghai residents. The MMR of ectopic pregnancy decreased from 1.36 per 100 000 live births in the first 5 years to 0. 26 per 100 000 live births in the latter 5 years. The MMR of heart diseases decreased from 1.36 per 100 000 live births to 0. 52 per 100 000 live births. While the MMR of pregnancy induced hypertension increased from 0 to 0. 78 per 100 000 live births. For migrating population, the MMR of obstetric hemorrhage, ectopic pregnancy and pregnancy induced pregnancy deceased significantly. As the primary cause, the MMR of obstetric hemorrhage deceased from 21.85 per 100 000 live births in the first 5 years to 5.47 per 100 000 live births in the second 5 years. The MMR of ectopic pregnancy decreased from 4. 37 per 100 000 live births to 0. 68 per 100 000 live births. And the MMR of pregnancy induced hypertension decreased from 6. 87 per 100 000 live births to 2. 96 per 100 000 live births.(6) Direct obstetric causes and indirect obstetric causes of maternal deaths. Among the 262 deaths,141 cases (53. 8% ) were due to Direct obstetric causes and 121 (46. 2% ) were due to indirect obstetric causes. (7)The trend of MMR of obstetric hemorrhage. The MMR of obstetric hemorrhage declined from 10. 6 per 100 000 live births in 2000 to 1.7 per 100 000 live births in 2009. ( 8 ) The results of maternal death audit. The results of maternal death audit were classified into 3 categories: 41 cases ( 15.6% )belonged to the first category, i. e, avoidable deaths; 66 cases (25.2%) belonged to the second category,i. e, avoidable when creating some conditions; and 155 cases (59. 2% ) belonged to the third category,which means not avoidable. Among 55 deaths of Shanghai residents, 17 cases (30. 9% ) belonged to the first category, 14 cases (25.5%) belonged to the second, and 24 cases (43.6%) belonged to the third category. Among 207 deaths of migrating population, 24 cases (11.6%) belonged to the first category,52 cases (25. 1% ) belonged to the second, and 131 cases (63.3%) belonged to the third category. (9)WHO twelve-grid classification of maternal deaths. The factors, including attitude, knowledge and skills, resources and management of the dead people and their families, the medical institutes and social supportive departments were integrated and analyzed. It showed that the main reason of maternal deaths of Shanghai residents was poor knowledge and skills of medical staffs, accounting for 80. 0% of the deaths. While the main reasons of maternal deaths of migrating people were poor knowledge and skills, inappropriate attitude of the dead people and their families, which took up 54. 1% and 40. 1% respectively. Conclusions The MMR in Shanghai declined continuously from 2000 to 2009, especially for migrating population which reflected the interventions of maternal management in Shanghai were effective. Though obstetric hemorrhage was the first top cause of maternal death during past 10 years, it declined Sharply. 30% to 40% maternal deaths were avoidable if some conditions were created. However, in order to adapt the changes of main causes of maternal deaths and accomplish increasing service requirements, it is necessary to develop new service and management mode.

Child ; Child Behavior Disorders ; etiology ; Child, Preschool ; Encephalitis ; complications ; metabolism ; virology ; Enterovirus ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Nerve Growth Factors ; metabolism ; S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit ; S100 Proteins ; metabolism

Objective To analyze the effect of malaria surveillance and evaluate the surveillance measure in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from 1995 to 2004 so as to provide scientific basis for formulating control strategy at the late-stage of malaria control. Methods The data on blood smear examination of febrile patients among local residents, focus residents and mobile population in 92 counties from 1995 to 2004 were collected,described and analyzed. Results The totals of 10920395,427600,246159 and 253530 slides in local residents,focus residents, returned population and endemic population were examined. The average positive rates of blood examination were 0.009%,0.079%,1.386% and 0.324%,respectively. The indigenous cases and imported cases accounted for 23.29% (1285/5517) and 76.71% (4232/5517) of the total malaria cases respectively. Conclusions The malaria incidence in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region has been under 1/10000 for 17 years. There is less indigenous malaria in Guangxi. The imported malaria cases are dominated and scattered in whole Region. The secondary cases of imported malaria is very low. The results show that the present surveillance system and control programs are effective for monitoring the epidemic situation of malaria.