Objectiv To explore the effects of chromium (Ⅵ) on the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), the final product of lipid peroxidation in peripheral blood of mice and the micronucleus rate of polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) in peripheral blood. Method 60 Kunming mice were divided randomly into 6 groups averagely. 4 groups were selected as exposure groups which were exposed to 10.27, 13.83, 20.74, 41.48 mg/kg calcium chromate by oral perfusion, one time per day, for 6 days. The negative and positive control group was exposed to distilled water and cyclophos phamide (40 mg/kg) respectively. After exposure, the levels of MDA and micronucleus rates of PCE were determined. Results Significant increases of the levels of MDA and the micronucleus rates of PCE in peripheral blood of mice were observed, which were associated with the increases of the exposure doses of chromium (Ⅵ). Significant positive correlation was observed between the micronucleus rates of PCEs (x) and MDA(nmol/ml) levels (y) in peripheral blood (y=3.705+930x,r=0.958, P

Thyroid hormone is an important hormone for regulating cell differentiation,growth and metabolism.Many studies have shown that thyroid hormone can induce turmor angiogenesis after binding with the integrin ανβ3 receptor at cell surface.Tetraiodothyroacetic acid is the analogue of thyroid hormone,and can inhibit tumor angiogenesis by inhibiting the binding of thyroid hormone with integrin ανβ3.Studying the role of thyroid hormone in promoting tumor angiogenesis may provide a new approach for molecular targeted therapy of tumor.

BACKGROUND:Pressure sensitive instrumented shoes are fast and easily used tools to measure ground reaction forces. Currently researches about the utilities of these systems in assessment of gait in children with neurological diseases have been started to run.OBJECTIVE: To find the gait characteristics of dynamic plantar pressure in children with spastic cerebral palsy. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study.SETTINGS: Department of Rehabilitation, Songgang People's Hospital; Department of Rehabilitation, Shenzhen Children's Hospital; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University. PARTICIPANTS: ① Patient group: Twenty children with spastic cerebral palsy were selected from Shenzhen Children's Hospital from May 2004 to April 2005, including 9 boys and 11 girls, aged 26-66 months old, and they all could walk for more than 10 m independently. ② Normal control group: 52 healthy children with normal walking ability were enrolled, including 28 boys.and 24 girls, aged 35-76 months old.METHODS: Ultraflex gait analysis system was used to perform continuous plantar pressure tests of both groups of children. Diagram and data of dynamic plantar pressures in gait were recorded and analyzed with a computer. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① 10 sequential gait cycles were chosen from the continuous stable steps to calculate the average data with the software; ② Differences of the characteristic parameters of plantar pressure curve between the two groups.RESULTS: ① The curves of plantar pressure to time of testees in the normal control group were of the wave shapes with two peaks and one valley. Half of the CP children could not perform the two-peak shape pressure curve in the gait analysis. One kind of abnormal plantar pressure curve style was a wave shape with only one peak. Another kind of abnormal plantar pressure curve style was a shape showing asymmetry between sides and variation in different steps even in the same side. Two-peak shapes of dynamic plantar pressure were recorded in 10 CP children. ② Characteristic parameters picked up from the curves of plantar pressure had been compared between the two groups. Significant difference have been found in ts of both sides and tz1,tz2,tz3 on the right side between the two groups. It was shown that the single-limb support time of both sides in the CP children was longer than that in healthy children [left: (0.879± 0.658), (0.472±0.051) s; right: (0.818±0.682), (0.478±0.050) s; P ＜ 0.01]. The tz1 and tz3 on the right side in the CP children were longer and while the tz2 was shorter than those in the healthy children. CONCLUSION: ① Using dynamic plantar pressure gait analysis system, plantar pressure curves can be observed directly, and information about kinetic characters can be drawn straightly. ② Part of patients with spastic CP could not perform the two-peak shape pressure curves in gait analysis. In patient can be recorded of two-peak shape dynamic plantar pressure curves, ts of both sides are shorter than those in healthy children, tz1 and tz3 on the right side is longer and tz2 is shorter than those in healthy children.

The number of papers published in American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Education from 2003 to 2013 was calculated .The knowledge maps of research hot spots and co-operation maps of research institutions in the two journals were plotted .The different research-oriented key points and the cooperative relationship between different research institutions in the two journals and the problems existed in domestic journals of pharmaceutical education were analyzed with certain suggestions put forward for the solution of the problems existed in domestic journals of pharmaceutical education .

Objective To analyze the clinical data of patients with Cushing's syndrome(CS)and to un-derstand the relationship between glucose metabolism and CS .Methods Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), the level of insulin, body mass index(BMI), 24-hour urinary free cortisol(24h UFC), family history of diabetes in patients with CS were retrospectively analyzed .Results The course of disease in patients of CS complicated with diabetes mellitus ( CS/DM) group was longer than CS complicated with impaired glucose tolerance ( CS/IGT) and CS complicated with normal glucose tolerance (CS/NGT)group.66.67%of patients with CS/NGT have insu-lin resistance .Logistic regression analysis indicated that age , course of disease , midnight plasma cortisol were risk factors of CS induced diabetes mellitus .CS/DM group had higher proportion of family history of diabetes . 24h UFC and BMI had no significant differences among the three groups (P>0.05).Conclusions Age, course of disease , midnight plasma cortisol are risk factors of CS induced diabetes mellitus .OGTT and insulin level de-termination are necessary for diagnosis and intervention treatment at the early stage .

Objective To explore the relationship between high altitude de-adaptation syndrome and training burnout of plateau-garrisoned soldiers after returning to the plain.Methods A total of 140 plateau-garrisoned soldiers who had returned to the plain were chosen by random cluster sampling and measured with the Training Burnout Test.They were divided into two groups according to the occurrence of acute mountain sickness.We compared the differences in training burnout between the two groups and analyzed the relationship between acute mountain sickness and training burnout. Results ①The incidence of high altitude de-adaptation syndrome of plateau-garrisoned soldiers was 80.00% after returning to the plain.There was statistically significant difference between plateau soldiers after returning to the plain,the plateau stability-keeping forces that returned to the plain (78.36%) (χ2 =0.188, P=0.664) and plateau migrants who returned to the plain (75.10%) (χ2 =1.279, P=0.258).Main symptoms of high altitude de-adaptation were fatigue (12.86%), dizziness (11.43%) and meakness (10.00%).②Compared with soldiers who had no high altitude de-adaptation syndrome, victims of de-adaptation syndrome had higher scores of training burnout, physical and psychological exhaustion and training-alienation (P<0.01).Compared with soldiers who had normal body mass indexes, those who were overweight had higher incidence of altitude de-adaptation (P<0.05).③The regression equation between plateau de-adaptation syndrome and training burnout of plateau soldiers after returning to the plain (P<0.01) is:Training burnout =0.498 ×plateau de-adaptation syndrome -0.126 ×age+0.038 ×length of military service +0.069 ×educational degree+0.029 ×body mass index.Conclusion There exist correlations between high altitude de-adaptation syndrome and training burnout of plateau soldiers after returning to the plain.Reducing the occurrence of high altitude de-adaptation syndrome can help reduce the degree of training burnout.

Objectives To investigate the pathophysiologic mechanisms and the clinical character- istics and variations of nutcracker esophagus(NE).Methods Clinical data obtained from 22 patients with NE were retrospectively analyzed.Seven followed-up patients had esophageal motility,multi-channel electrogastrography(MEGG),the autonomic nervous system(ANS) and psychology tests and were com- pared to 10 healthy subjects(HS).Results①In NE group,12 patients had reflux symptom(55%),7 patients had chest pain(32%)and 3 patients had dysphagia(13%).There was no statistical difference in mean contraction amplitude(MCA) between patients with reflux symptom and chest pain.②Eight out of the 13 patients with NE who received 24 h pH monitoring were positive reflux,and 4 out of 17 patients had reflux esophagitis in endoscopic examinations.The symptoms were improved in 58%patients(7/12) by regular acid-suppression therapies.③There was no statistical difference beween NE and HS groups in dominant frequency and power of MEGG.However,the percentages of normal rhythm in preprandial and slow wave coupling in pre and postprandial of NE patients were significantly decreased than those in HS.④The ANS function in NE group had no statistical difference compared to those in HS.⑤In follow- up group,no difference was found before and after nitroglycerin sublingually.Four patients had depres- sion.Conclusions The clinical presentations of NE are vary.The symptoms of NE were poorly correla- ted with MCA,but partially correlated with GER,which may represent a special subtype of GERD. Gastric dysmotility and psychological factors might contribute to the pathogenesis of NE.

In the present study, the fluoro-gold(FG) and horseradish peroxidase(HRP) combined tracing method was used to investigate the localization of parasympathetic preganglionic neurons and ascending projection neurons in lumbosacral spinal cord of the rat. FG was injected into the lateral parabrachial nucleus(PBL) or into Barrington's nucleus on one side, and HRP was applied to the contralateral pelvic nerve. The retrogradely FG-labeled neurons were found in bilateral "visceral field" at segments L_5-S_2, and the majority of them were concentrated in the intermediolateral nucleus (IML), and the dorsal commissural nucleus (DCN). In addition to these areas, some labeled neurons were also observed in bilateral lamina I and lateral spinal nucleus (LSN). The parasympathetic preganglionic neurons labeled with HRP were seen in the IML at segments L_6-S_1, occasionally appeared in the intercalated nucleus. In the IML area, HRP-labeled parasympathetic preganglionic neurons were located in its ventral part, however, the localization of FG-labeled neurons projected to the PBL and Barrington's nucleus were mainly found in the dorsal and dorsomedial part of the IML, and a few FG-labeled cells were scattered among HRP-labeled cells. Based on the present and other investigations, the nomenclature, organization and function of the IML and the composition of the LSN were discussed.

AIM: To analyze the associated factors of poor vision after phacoemulsification operation.
METHODS:Clinical data of cases with poor vision after cataract phacoemulsification combined with IOL implantation from 341 patients(418 eyes) during Jan. 2015 to Jan. 2016 in our hospital were collected and logistic correlation analyzed.
RESULTS: The incidences of postoperative low vision were 10. 3% for one month after operation. Forty-three eyes were reported low vision, and 41 of 43 the patients with postoperative low vision had fundus oculi disease before operation, which included 20 eyes ( 48. 8%) with age-related macular degeneration, 16 eyes(39. 0%) with diabetic retinopathy, 3 eyes ( 7. 3%) with glaucomatous optic neuropathy, 1 eye(2. 4%) with pathologic myopia of retinopathy and 1 eye ( 2. 4%) with branch retinal vein occlusion.
CONCLUSION: The associated factors of poor vision after phacoemulsification operation are preoperative eye diseases and the nuclear hardness, and preoperative eye diseases may be the main causes of postoperative low vision. Comprehensive examination should be attached importance to, and be careful in the operation to decrease the harm for visual performance.

Objective To prepare anti-folic acid (FA) polyclonal antibody and develop a new non-balanced competing chemiluminescence analysis for clinical detection of FA.Methods Established the detection method by added FITC-FA-analogs and FAHRP-antibody in the light emitting plate,which coated with anti-FITC antibody,to form the immune response complex of FITC/antibody-FITC-FA-analogs/FA-antibody-HRP.Then methodology evaluation was performed to evaluate the method performance;and further compared the detecting results with non-FITC system detection system and Electrochemiluminescence system (Roche Elecsys 2010).Results The ELISA results showed that the prepared anti-FA antibodies can recognize serum FA specificly.The methodology evaluation indicated that the linear correlation coefficient of the standard curve was 0.990 0;the analytical sensitivity was 1.21 ng/mL;the range of linear detection was 1.21～ 38.80 ng/mL;The coefficient variability of intra-assay was ＜5 ％,which was better than the results of non-FITC detection system;and the correlation coefficient was 0.908 1 compared with the Elecsys-2010 detection system.Conclusion The established chemiluminescence immunoassay for human serum FA has a good sensitivity and specificity,and suitable for clinical serum FA quantitativedetecting.