Objective To investigate the effects and mechanisms of G protein-coupled receptor 91 (GPR91) on blood-retinal barrier (BRB) in diabetic rats.Methods A lentiviral vector of shRNA targeting rat GPR91 and scrambled shRNA were constructed.Healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were selected in this study.The 60 rats were randomized into 4 groups and treated as follows:(1) control group (Group A,n=15),the rats received injections of an equal volume of 0.1％ citrate buffer;(2) streptozocin (STZ) group (Group B,n=15),the rats received injections of STZ;(3) LV.shScrambled group (Group C,n=15),diabetic rats received an intravitreal injection of 1 μl 1 × 10s TU/ml scrambled shRNA lentiviral particles at 2 weeks after the induction of diabetes;(4) LV.shGPRg1 group (Group D,n=15),diabetic rats received an intravitreal injection of 1 μl 1 × 108 TU/ml pGCSIL-GFP-shGPR91 lentiviral particles.At 12 weeks after intravitreal injection,immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to assess the expression of GPRg1,p-extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)1/2,t-ERK1/2,p-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK),t-JNK,p-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and t-p38 MAPK.Haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and Evans blue dye were used to assess the structure and function of the retinal vessel.Immunohistochemistry enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to test the protein level of VEGF.Results Immunohistochemistry staining showed that GPR91 was predominantly localized to the cell bodies of the ganglion cell layer.Western blot showed that GPR91 expression in Group D decreased significantly compared with Group C (F=39.31,P＜0.01).HE staining showed that the retina tissue in Group B and C developed telangiectatic vessels in the inner layer of retina,while the telangiectatic vessels attenuated in Group D.It was also demonstrated in Evans blue dye that the microvascular leakage in Group D decreased by (33.8±4.11)％ compared with Group C and there was significant difference (F =30.35,P＜0.05).The results of ELISA showed the VEGF secretion of Group B and C increased compared with Group A and the VEGF expression in Group D was significantly down regulated after silencing GPR91 gene (F=253.15,P＜0.05).The results of Western blot indicated that compared with Group A,the expressions of p-ERK1/2,p-JNK and p-p38 MAPK were significantly upregulated (q=6.38,2.94,3.45;P＜0.05).Meanwhile,the activation of ERK1/2 was inhibited by GPR91 shRNA and the difference was statistically significant (F=22.50,P＜0.05).Conclusions The intravitreal injection of GPR91 shRNA attenuated the leakage of BRB in diabetic rats.GPR91 regulated the VEGF release and the leakage of BRB possibly through the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.

AIM: To investigate the effects of Dihuang Yizhi Extract(DHYZE) on learning-memory ability and the central cholinergic system of the rats with Alzheimer's disease(AD) and to explore the possible mechanism of action. METHODS: Aggregated A?25-35 was injected into the right hippocampus of the rats to make experimental rat model of AD.The behavioral abnormalities were investigated by shuttle box.The contents of acetylcholine(Ach)、cholinesterase(ChE) activity、cyclic AMP response element-binding protein(CREB) and phosphorylated CREB serine 133(pCREB Ser133) in hippocampus were measured. RESULTS: DHYZE could markedly improve the function of learning and memory of rats in AD model in a dose-dependent manner.The contents of Ach and AchE activity in hippocampaus increased obviously in DHYZE medium dose group and high dose group compared with AD group.Such promotion was dose-dependent.The contents of pCREB Ser133 in hippocampaus increased obviously in DHYZE high dose group compared with AD group. CONCLUSION: The results indicate DHYZE could improve the ability of spatial learning and memory in AD rats.The mechanism might be associated with improving the impairment of the central cholinergic neurons induced by A?25-35 and activating CREB signal pathway in hippocampus of AD rats.

Impotence is one of the more common and serious symptom type of male sexual disturbance.It demonstrates by domestic sampling investigation that about more than 10% of male adult have impotence,and the incidence of impotence goes higher with the growing of age.Warming and invigorating kidney-yang has been the main therapy method for treating impotence.Through years of clinic practices,the treatment for impotence from liver has achieved satisfied effects.

Objective To explore the incidence and risk factor of renal artery stenosis in patients with coronary artery disease and essentiality of renal arteriography while performing coronary artery angiography. Methods Renal arteriography was performed immediately after coronary artery angiography in 114 patients with suspected coronary artery disease. Results Incidence of renal artery stenosis was 18.4% (21/114) in 114 patients and 26% (20/77) in patients with coronary artery disease who were identified by coronary artery angiography. Only one case with renal artery stenosis was found in 37 cases whose coronary arteries were normal (2.7%, 1/37). Incidence of renal artery stenosis in patients with coronary artery disease was higher than that in patients with normal coronary artery (26% vs 2.7%, P

Objective To investigate the effect of Dl-3-n-butylphthalide on acute cerebral infarction.Methods In Department of Neurology in the Fifth Hospital of Wuhan from March 2013 to June 2014,100 cases of patients with first onset of acute cerebral infarction were recruited.The participants were divided into 2 groups (control group and treatment group) randomly,with 50 participants in each group.Besides general treatment,the patients of treatment group received intravenous injection of Dl-3-n-butylphthalide in acute phase and orally took soft capsule of Dl-3-n-butylphthalide in recovery phase.All the patients were followed up for 24 weeks.Neurological function and general cognition were assessed separately by national institute of health stroke scale (NIHSS),and mini mental state examination (MMSE) was applied to assess overall cognitive function.Results NHISS score was gradually decreased and MMSE score was increased in both groups.As compared with the control group,NIHSS score and MMSE score were changed significantly in the treatment group.From first onset to 24 weeks after treatment,NHISS score was decreased by 30％ in the control group and 44％ in the treatment group;MMSE score was increased by 17％ in the control group and 32％ in the treatment group.Conclusion Sequential therapy with Dl-3-n-butylphthalide improves neurological function and general cognition faster and more significant for patients with acute cerebral infarction.

Objective To investigate the application of MSCT three-dimensional digital navigated biopsy in subcarinal lesions.Methods 82 patients were enrolled.Study subjects were randomly divided into control group and research group.Three-dimensional positioning and three-dimensional navigation needle biopsy were used in research groups, while CT cross-sectional image positioning with conventional puncture needle was used in control group.Puncture accuracy, one-time success rate of puncture, complications, diagnosis accuracy and operation time were compared between the two groups.Results Puncture success rate, definite diagnosis rate were 87.80%(36/41) and 97.56%(40/41) for the research group,and 60.97%(24/41) and 80.49% (33/41) for the control group, respectively,which on the research group were higher than that on the control group(χ2=8.945, 6.116;P<0.05).Complication rate and operating time were 14.63% (6/41) and (11.64±2.76) min for the research group, and 41.45% (17/41) and (22.22±6.31) min for the control group, respectively, which were lower on the research group than that on the control group (χ2=7.31,t=-11.70,P<0.05).Conclusion MSCT three-dimensional digital navigated biopsy technique could promote the efficiency of subcarinal space puncture biopsy significantly,which is a novel, convenient, precise and safe method.

The neuroretinal injuries of diabetic retinopathy (DR) include retinal neuronal damage and reactive gliosis,both of which are induced by hyperglycemia and presented as early features of DR.They promote to develop mutually and accelerate the progression of DR.The molecular mechanisms study of neuronal damage mainly focuses on the alterations of extracellular environment and related signaling pathways,include inflammation,oxidative stress,endoplasmic reticulum stress,the formation of advanced glycation end products,glutamate toxicity and so on.These alterations mainly result in neuronal apoptosis and autophagy.The damaged neurons activate the glial cells with apparent changes in morphology,cell counts and the level of intracellular protein expression.In non-proliferative DR,glial cells are moderately hypertrophic and slightly increased in numbers.In proliferative DR,there is a significant rise in glial cell number with enhanced level of inflammatory factors and vascular active substances which lead a further neuronal damage.Signaling pathways of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2,c-Fos and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase are associated with their activation.Researches on the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways of the DR will promote controlling the DR progression at the cellular level.

Objective To explore the effect of separate management of income and expenditure (SMIE) on standard community healthcare services. Methods Health management records of 137 community health service ( CHS) institutions in Beijing during 2006 and 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. Paired t test was used to compare annual healthcare services at urban and rural areas before or after SMIE was adopted. Results The standard community healthcare services was reduced from 1 081 965. 53 to 971 793. 98 at urban areas and from 157 492. 23 to 149 305. 25 at rural areas (P >0. 05). Urban healthcare center-based standard services was decreased from 59. 94% to 52. 14% (P < 0. 05 ); while out-hospital services were increased from 13. 50% to 18. 88% (P<0. 05). In urban areas,standard services for women healthcare, chronic disease profiling, health education and information management were significantly increased (I <0. 05). However,Temporary observation and endemic disease prevention and treatment were the main job of rural healthcare. Conclusions SMIE in CHS institutions could accommodate to the need of health management, supporting policies should be further improved.

The reform for the laboratory operational mechanism includes laboratory management system reform and experimental teaching reform.The author made some explorations and research to the operational mechanism and management pattern of university laboratory of forensic biology,then presented some ideas.

Objective To discuss the value of tension-free hernia repair to recurrent inguinal hernia in elderly patients.Methods 38 eases with recurrent inguinal hernia in elderly patients were treated with shaped polyproplene tension-free hernioplasty.Results All eases were operated successfully.In the follow-up period ranged from 6 to 42 months.No Serious postoperation complications were found,no recurrent case recurred.This treatment is effective.Conclusion Tension-free hernia repair has many advantages,such as safety,easily manipulation,minimal invasion,rapid recovery,lower recurrence.It is a perfect and ideal surgical operation for the recurrent inguinal hernia in elderly patients.