Objective To realize the risk factors for postoperative healthcare-associated infection (HAI)in pa-tients undergoing oral and maxillofacial malignant tumor surgery,so as to take effective intervention measures and reduce the occurrence of HAI.Methods Prospective and retrospective survey were adopted to analyze the occur-rence of HAI and related risk factors for postoperative HAI in patients undergoing oral and maxillofacial malignant tumor surgery in 2013.Results Of 432 patients,58 developed 63 times of HAI,HAI rate was 13.43%,case infec-tion rate was 14.58%.The main infection sites were lower respiratory tract (57.14%)and surgical site (38.09%). 56 pathogenic strains were isolated,the major were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (46.43%),followed by Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumonia .Univariate analysis revealed that tracheotomy,length of hospital stay,opera-tive time,intraoperative antimicrobial use were risk factors for HAI in patients undergoing oral and maxillofacial malignant tumor surgery(all P <0.05).Conclusion The important measures for reducing HAI in patients undergo-ing oral and maxillofacial malignant tumor surgery are shortening the duration of surgery and length of hospital stay, taking active intervention,implementing hand hygiene,and using antimicrobial agents rationally.

Objective: To explore influence of bisoprolol on neuroendocrine factor levels in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), and its therapeutic effects.Methods: A total of 116 CHF patients, who were treated in our department from Jan 2014 to Nov 2015, were selected.According to random number table, they were randomly and equally divided into routine treatment group and bisoprolol group.Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDd), 6min walking distance (6MWD), serum levels of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), endothelin (ET) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) before and three months after treatment, and therapeutic effect were compared between two groups.Results: There were no significant difference in above indexes between two groups before treatment, P>0.05 all.Compared with routine treatment group after three-month treatment, there were significant rise in LVEF [(28.13±4.16)% vs.(36.02±5.14)%] and 6MWD [(245.74±44.62)m vs.(315.23±53.12)m], significant reductions in LVEDd [(62.73±10.14)mm vs.(52.82±9.47)mm], serum levels of BNP [(424.51±62.26) ng/ml vs.(324.35±50.46) ng/ml], ET [(80.14±13.25) ng/ml vs.(57.91±10.32) ng/ml] and ANP [(233.24±42.35)ng/ml vs.(164.83±31.26) ng/ml] in bisoprolol group, P<0.05 all.Compared with routine treatment group, there was significant rise in total effective rate (72.4% vs.86.2%) in bisoprolol group, P=0.04.Conclusion: Bisoprolol can significantly reduce BNP, ET and ANP levels, then delay ventricular remodeling and improve cardiac function in patients with chronic heart failure.The therapeutic effect is significant, which is worth extending.

Objective To screen and identify the predominant T-and B-cell ( T-B) combined an-tigenic epitopes on the outer membrane protein Loa22 of pathogenic Leptospira interrogans ( L.interrogans) stains and to further analyze their immunogenicity.Methods PCR analysis was used to detect loa22 gene in L.interrogans strains belonging to eight different serogroups or serovars prevalent in China.The PCR prod-ucts were sequenced after T-A cloning.A prokaryotic expression system for loa22 gene of L.interrogans sero-group Icterohaemorrhagiae serovar Lai strain Lai was constructed.The expressed recombinant protein rLoa22 was extracted by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography.The rabbit anti-rLoa22 serum samples and IgG were pre-pared.The T-B combined antigenic epitopes on Loa22 protein were predicted by using professional bioinfor-matic softwares.Phage display in combination with Western blot assay and ELISA were performed to identify the immunogenicity of the recombinant phage PⅢ protein-displayed and artificially-synthesized T-B com-bined antigenic epitopes, respectively.MTS assay and ELISA were performed to detect the activation of T cells and the expression of IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-γinduced by T-B combined antigenic epitopes, respectively. Results All of the tested pathogenic Leptospira strains were positive for loa22 gene, sharing 85.5%-99.8%homologies in nucleotide sequences and 93.9%-99.5%homologies in amino acid sequences.The construc-ted prokaryotic expression system for loa22 gene efficiently expressed the rLoa22 protein.Among four T-B combined antigenic epitopes (Loa22-77, Loa22-90, Loa22-125 and Loa22-157), only Loa22-90 epitope presented a strong positive band in Western blot analysis.The proliferation of CD4+T cells and the expres-sion of IL-2 ( Th1 ) and IL-4 ( Th2 ) were significantly enhanced by the stimulation with Loa22-90 epitope peptide (P<0.05).Conclusion Loa22 protein is a sequence-conserved genus-specific outer membrane protein of L.interrogans.The Loa22-90 epitope is the predominant T-B combined antigenic epitope of Loa22 protein, which might be used as a candidate antigenic epitope in the development of multiple antigenic pep-tide ( MAP) vaccines against Leptospira infection.

Objective To investigate the effect of chemotherapy on ovarian function in young patients with malignant germ cell tumors of the ovary after conservative surgery.Methods 15 patients (11～29 years old) with ovarian malignant germ cell tumors were treated by ovarectomy and the following chemotherapy.Their menstruation and serum follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),luteinizing hormone(LH),estradiol(E2) levels and basal antral follicle(F0) numbers were observed from the duration of chemotherapy to one year after chemotherapy.The serum levels of FSH,LH,E2 and basal antral follicle numbers between the chemotherapy-related amenorrhea(CRA) patients and the patients with benign tumors of ovary who underwent unilateral adnexa removed at the same period(control group,n=10) were compared.Results Oligomenstruation occurred in 13 of 15 cases undergoing chemotherapy after conservative surgery(86.7%),in whom CRA occurred in 10 cases(66.7%) at the duration of 4-6 cycle chemotherapy appearing significantly rising serum level of FSH,LH and declining serum E2 level and F0 numbers.There was a significantly positive correlation between the frequency of amenorrhea and the duration of chemotherapy(r=1.000,P=0.01).Generally menstruation resumed around 2～3 months after chemotherapy.Ahhough the serum levels of sexual hormone seemed to be normal at half a year after chemotherapy in CRA patients,the serum FSH(8.30±1.46 mU/ml) and E2(80.50±7.86 ng/L) level were significantly increased as compared with that of the control group and the reverse was found in Fo numbers(3.80±1.04) (t Fo,FsH,E2=7.660,5.277,7.225;P F0,FSH,E2<0.001,<0.001,<0.001).One year after chemotherapy,serum hormone level and the ovary reserve function of the CRA patient came to be normal[FSH=(5.59±0.52)mU/ml,LH=(5.25±0.84)mU/ml,E2=(56.50±5.13)ng/L,Fo=(6.50±1.08)] and that of control group [FSH=(5.43±0.35)mU/ml,LH=(5.17±0.48)mU/ml,E2=(58.10±3.73)ng/L,F0=(6.60±0.97)](t=1.177,0.694,0.505,0.740;P>0.05,>0.05,>0.05,P>0.05).Conclusions Ovarian function impairment may occur in young patients in adolescence and sexual maturity period with ovarian malignant germ cell tumors who were treated by conservative surgery followed by chemotherapy.Although the CRA is reversible,the recovery of menstruation does not meail the recovery of ovarian funetion.because the ovarian impairment may continue to a duration of half a year after chemotherapy.The drug which can safeguard ovariall function should be considered during chemotherapy.

Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; Breast Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Female ; Fluorouracil ; pharmacology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; physiology ; Neoplasm Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; physiology ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Transfection

AIM:To observe the effects of Liangxue-Jiedu (LXJD) prescription, a Chinese medicine, on the expression of CC chemokine ligand 20 ( CCL20 ) and CC chemokine receptor 6 ( CCR6 ) in imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin lesions in a mouse model .METHODS: Male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control group , model group, LXJD treatment group and chemokine CCL 20 monoclonal antibody treatment group .The mouse model of psoriasis was induced by imiquimod .The severity of psoriasis was assessed by the dermatologists using psoriasis area and severity in -dex (PASI).The morphological changes of the skin tissues were observed under light microscope .The thickness of epider-mis was measured .Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of CCL 20 and CCR6 in the skin tissue samples .RE-SULTS:The skin in model group showed a large number of scales , erythema and skin thickening .Compared with model group, the skin lesion in LXJD treatment group was attenuated .The erythema and scales were alleviated , the PASI score was reduced , and the expression of CCL 20 and CCR6 was significantly lower than that in model group .CONCLUSION:LXJD prescription down-regulates the expression of CCL 20/CCR6, thus attenuating the psoriasis skin lesions in mice .

Objective To explore the expression of GPR30,HRG1 and HER2 including the activation status of HER2 (phosphorylated HER2)in invasive ductal breast cancers and their relationship with lymphatic metastasis.Methods The expres-sion of GPR30,HRG1,HER2 and pHER2 in 72 cases of specimens of invasive ductal breast cancers were examined by immunohis-tochemistry method.Results A moderate correlation between GPR30 and HRG1 was disclosed (r=0.597,P =0.000).There was strong correlation between pHER2 and GPR30 or HRG1(r=0.742,P =0.000;r=0.615,P =0.000).The expression of GPR30 and pHER2 in the lymphatic metastasis group was remarkably higher than in the group without lymphatic metastasis(P <0.05). Conclusion The interaction between GPR30 and HRG1 HER2 signal transduction pathways might be involved in the lymphatic metastasis in breast cancer.Blocking both of GPR30 and HRG1 signaling pathway could be a promising new strategy for breast cancer treatments.

Objective To clone fliH, fliⅠ, fliY and fliN genes that encoding flagellum-associated proteins of L. interrogans for construction of their prokaryotic expression systems, and to determine the loca- tions of Flirt, FliⅠ, FIiY and FIiN. Methods The fliH, fliⅠ, fliY andfliN genes were amplified by PCR and sequenced after T-A cloning. Prokaryotie expression systems of the target genes were constructed subsequently. Expression of target recombinant proteins were demonstrated by SDS-PAGE and BioRad Gel Image Analyzer, and Ni-NTA affinity chromatography was performed to extract the target expression prod- ucts. Rabbits were subcutaneously immunized with the four recombinant proteins respectively to obtain anti- sera. ELISA was performed to measure the titers of antisera and Western blot assay was used to determine the immunobinding abilities among the antisera and their antigens. Immunoelectron microscopy was selected to locate the position of FliH, FliⅠ, FliY and FIiN. Results Segments of fliH, fliⅠ, fliY andfliN genes with 924, 1365, 1065 and 318 bp in size were successfully obtained by PCR. Similarities of nucleotide and puta- tive amino acid sequences from the four genes were 100% compared with the reported sequences. The con- structed prokaryotic systems efficiently expressed rFliH, rFliⅠ, rFliY and rFliN with the outputs of approxi- mate 20% of the total bacterial proteins. The rabbits immunized by rFliH, rFliⅠ, rFliY or rFliN could pro- duce antibody. The antisera had the titers above 1:100 000, and could recognize the corresponding recombi- nant proteins and membrane proteins of L interrogans to display positive Western hybridization bands. Flirt, FliⅠ, FliY and FliN were found to distribute on the external surface of inner envelope, the internal surface of outer envelope or the interspaces between the two layers of L. interrogans envelope. Conclusion The pro- karyotic expression systems was successfully constructed in this study, which could efficiently express flagel-lum-associated proteins FliH, FliⅠ, FliY and FliN of L. interrogans. The antisera with high titers to recognize their protein antigens were also obtained. Flagellum-associated proteins Flirt, FliⅠ, FIiY and FIiN are the inner envelope proteins and/or outer envelope proteins of L. interrogans.

The rice gall dwarf disease, caused by the Rice gall dwarf virus (RGDV) is a serious disease occurring in rice in many regions of Guangdong province. As a basis to control the disease we have studied the genomic diversity of a variety of isolates from different locations. Genome segment 8(S8), encoding a main outer capsid protein (Pns8) of RGDV five isolates (BL, CH, DQ, GZ, XY) from Guangdong province was cloned and sequenced. The results revealed that all the S8 segments of the five isolates consisted of 1 578 nucleotides and had a single open reading frame (ORF) extending for 1 301 nucleotides from nucleotide 21 which encoded a polypeptide of 426 amino acids with an estimated molecular weight of 47.4 kDa. The S8 full-length sequence and the ORF sequence shared 97.3%-98.8% and 97.3%-99.1% nucleotide sequence identities within the five Chinese isolates, and shared 94.8%-95.6% and 95.0%-96.0% identities with those of the Thailand isolate respectively. The deduced amino acid sequence of Pns8 in GZ isolate was identical to that in the Thailand isolate, while the amino acid sequence variability of Pns8 within five Chinese isolates ranged from 0.5% to 2.1%. These results indicate that the S8 segment of RGDV is highly conserved in different isolates from different locations. The S8 cDNA from the XY isolate was cloned into the plasmid vector pET-28b(+) and a fused expression protein with an apparent molecular mass of 51kDa was specifically detected in an analysis of Escherichia coli Rossetta(DE3)Ⅱcells. To our knowledge, this is the first report on analysis of the RGDV segment 8 sequence and genetic comparison of different RGDV isolates and their protein expression.

Objective To investigate the relationship between endoscopic diagnosis and pathological nature of gastric mucosal leukoplakia. Methods Analysis of gastric mucosal leukoplakia patients’ endoscopic features and pathological characteristics of last 3 years. Results Endoscopic diagnosis was made in 116 cases of gastric mucosal leukoplakia. Samples were gray white, round, round shaped or patchy in general observation. Diameter was 0.2 ~1.6 cm, foam cell aggregation appeared in the natural layer of mucous membrane in 88 cases (75.9 %), with varying degrees of inflammatory cells infiltration. The foam cells accumulation were observed in high rate among the gastric mucosal leukoplakia cases. Conclusion Pathological changes of gastric mucosal leukoplakia is gastric xanthoma with chronic inflammation of mucosa.