Objective To investigate healthcare-associated infection(HAI)prevalence and antimicrobial use in a hospital.Methods HAI prevalence rate,antimicrobial use and pathogen detection in all inpatients on August 21 , 2013 were investigated with cross-sectional survey method.Results A total of 2 238 inpatients were investigated, 104 patients developed 126 times of HAI,HAI prevalence rate and case rate was 4.65% and 5.63% respectively;the top four sites for HAI were lower respiratory tract (28.57%),upper respiratory tract(18.25%),urinary tract (7.94%)and gastrointestinal tract(4.76%).Rate of specimens delivered for detection was 91 .35%(95/104),the main specimen was sputum (26.32%),followed by blood (25.26%)and urine (10.53%).Antimicrobial usage rate was 24.58%,therapeutic,prophylactic plus therapeutic,and prophylactic use accounted for 36.55%,45.09%, and 18.36% respectively;the usage rate of single,combination of 2,and 3 antimicrobial agents accounted for 75.82%,20.91 % and 3.27% respectively.Risk factors of HAI were age (<15 or >60 years),all kinds of inva-sive procedures (tracheotomy,mechanical ventilation,urinary catheterization,arteriovenous intubation,hemodialy-sis),and anti-tumor chemotherapy.Conclusion Survey on HIA prevalence helps to know the occurrence of HAI and usage of antimicrobial agents,as well as risk factors and high-risk departments of the occurrence of HAI,it also provides basis for subsequent targeted monitor on HAI.

Adolescent ; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Echocardiography, Doppler, Color ; Electrocardiography ; Exercise Therapy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Ventricular Premature Complexes ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy

Objective To detect bacterial content on surface of mobile phones of health care workers (HCWs)by adenosine triphosphate (ATP )bioluminescence assay.Methods HCWs in departments of internal medicine,surgery, medical laboratory,and administration were randomly selected,50 in each department,field detection on bacterial content on surface of mobile phones of HCWs was conducted,the relevant data were recorded.Results A total of 200 mobile phones were detected,33 mobile phone surface were qualified,the qualified rate was 16.50%.Qualified rate of mobile phone surface of HCWs in different departments as well as mobile phone disinfected by different modes were different(χ2 =13.46,10.24,respectively,both P <0.01);difference in qualified rate of mobile phones of different types,different service life,and different protective case were all not significant (χ2 =4.37,1 .87,0.25 respectively,all P >0.05).Conclusion The qualified rate of bacterial content on surface of HCWs’mobile phone is low,the awareness of hand hygiene of HCWs should be strengthened,regular cleaning and disinfection on the mo-bile phone can effectively reduce bacteria on the mobile phone surface.

Objective:To study the dissolution behavior of panax notoginseng saponins R1 , ginseng saponin Rg1 and ginseng sapo-nin Rb1 in Xuesaitong soft capsules in two different dissolution media. Methods:The dissolution test conditions were confirmed accord-ing to“quality of medical drugs information set” of Japan and the dissolution media were chosen in accordance with the physicochemi-cal properties of Xuesaitong soft capsules, the in vitro dissolution of Xuesaitong soft capsules was inspected respectively in pH 6. 8 phosphate buffer and water. The dissolution rate was determined by HPLC-ELSD, and the similarity of the release curves for the three components was compared with similarity factors ( f2 ) method. Results: The assay displayed a good linearity over the concentration range of 0. 8-16. 0 mg·L-1(r=0. 999 6), 3. 0-60. 0 mg·L-1(r=0. 999 8) and 4. 0-80. 0 mg·L-1(r=0. 999 7) for panax notog-inseng saponins R1 , ginseng saponin Rg1 and ginseng saponin Rb1 , respectively. In pH 6. 8 phosphate buffer and water, f2 of ginseng saponin Rg1 and ginseng saponin Rb1 were both above 50 when compared with panax notoginseng saponins R1 . Conclusion:The meth-od is simple, accurate and reproducible in the dissolution determination of the soft capsules. The dissolution of ginseng saponin Rg1 and ginseng saponin Rb1 has similar characteristics with that of panax notoginseng saponins R1 in Xuesaitong soft capsules.

The immunoregulation effect to polysaccharides from Bifidobacterium spp. was investigated on the base of functional assessment standards of health food. Effects of the EPS on immunity were investigated by promoted the proliferation of spleen lymph cells, delayed type hypersensitivity reaction, the HC50 value and macrophage function assay in mice. Data showed that the EPS could obviously increase the ratio of swallowed chicken red blood cell by macrophage and the HC50 value in mice. However, no significant effect was found on the delayed type hypersensitive induced by sheep red blood cell, for only the low dose of 100 mg/(kg?d) EPS promoted the proliferation of spleen lymph cells. Bifidobacterium spp. EPS can certain immunomodulating function.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the drug placement in the automated drug dispensing machine to improve work efficien-cy. METHODS:Based on the principle of the minimum time algorithm,the drug which would be used at a high frequency was placed in the drug storage tank nearest to the drug outlet. Meanwhile,the rule of drug use was drawn from the information on a large number of prescriptions,based on which the drugs correlated with each other were placed in the drug storage tanks that were adjacent. With daily time it takes to add drugs,average time it takes to make up a prescription and the maximum number of drugs stored as the evaluated indexes,the initial drug placement in the automated drug dispensing machine was optimized. The changes in the indexes within 3 months before and after the above-mentioned optimization were statically analyzed. RESULTS:After calculat-ing the three-dimensional sizes of the packages of drugs and the dispensing frequency data of the previous year,354 drugs were se-lected and placed in the nearer or farther storage tanks in the automated dispensing machine according to the dispensing frequency and the correlation among them. After the optimization of the placement,daily time it takes to add drugs reduced by 54 min(218 vs. 165 min)on average,average time it takes to make up a prescription reduced by 8 s(24 vs.16 s)and the maximum number of drugs stored increased by 1 333 boxes(13 113 vs. 14 446 boxes)on average. There was statistical significance in differences(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The initial drug placement in the automated drug dispensing machine that was optimized by minimum time algorithm has reduced daily time it takes to add drugs and average time it takes to make up a prescription and increased the maximum number of drugs stored and thus improved work efficiency.

OBJECTIVE:To observe clinical efficacy and safety of Modified xiaohuang paste in the treatment of paralytic ileus after thoraeolumbar fractures.METHODS:One hundred and thirty-eight patients with paralytic ileus after thoracolumbar fractures were divided into control group (group A,43 cases),Xiaohuang paste group (group B,47 cases) and Modified xiaohuang paste group (group C,48 cases).Group A was given routine treatment as fasting,gastrointestinal decompression,fluid replacement,nutritional support;group B was additionally given Xiaohuang paste on the basis of group A;group C was additionally given Modified xiaohuang paste on the basis of group A.Group B and C were given relevant paste every 12 h until intestinal peristalsis was recovered and gas exhausted from anus,at the most for 5 days.The improvement time of clinical symptom improvement,VAS score and CRP level were compared among 3 groups as well as the occurrence of ADR.RESULTS:After treatment,the time of gastrointestinal decompression,bowel sound recovery and passage of gas by anus in group B and C were significantly shorter than group A,and group C was significantly shorter than group B,with statistical significance (P＜0.05).Before treatment,there was no statistical significance in VAS score and CRP level among 3 groups (P＞0.05).After treatment,VAS score of abdominal pain and distension,CRP level of 3 groups were decreased significantly compared to before treatment;those of group C were significantly lower than group A and B,and CRP level of group B was significantly lower than that of group A,with statistical significance (P＜0.05).There was no statistical significance in VAS score between group A and B (P＞0.05).No significant ADR was found in 3 groups.CONCLUSIONS:For paralytic ileus after thoracolumbar fracture,Modified xiaohuang paste can significantly shorten treatment duration,relieve abdominal distension and pain,inflammation with good safety.

Through investigating the hospital admission and hospital discharge of vagrant mental patients in Xi-aoshan Hospital from January 2011 to December 2015 , the present study found that there existed some ethical di-lemmas including the risk ofdiagnosing mental disorder but actually not, lack of the guarantee of patients' rights and interests and supervision mechanism without guardian, long-term retention in the wards, and so on. It is sug-gested to establish right protection and supervision committee for vagrant mental patients, reduce the misdiagnosis ofdiagnosing mental disorder but actually not through the error correction mechanism, ensure proper treatment and care, create retention way, protect the basic rights of the vagrant mental patients, reduce mental disability, avoid to stray again, so as to perfect the social management system.

Objective To evaluate results of double eyelid operations with different incisions.Methods 100 patientswere selected randomly from out-patients that accepted double eyelid operation.Half of them were objected to double eyelid operation through a palpebral marginal incision.Incision was designed along the palpebral margin,close to boots of eyelashes.Most of the subcutaneous tissues was cut and removed,and then dermis and tarsal plate were fixed with 5 stitches of suture.About 1-3 mm wide of skin along superior margin was removed reasonably.In another 50 cases.double eyelid operation was performed with conventional incision.Incision was designed 6-8 mm far from the palpebral margin.Most of the subcutaneous tissues was removed.and then dermis and tarsal plate were fixed with 5 stitches of suture.Results Postoperative results were evaluated 5 days and 1 month after operation respectively.Postoperative double eyelid shapes were all satisfled in two groups.Swollen eyedids and scar were more inconspicuous in the cases with the palpebral-marginal incision without impairment on eyelashes.Conclusion Compared with double eyelid operation with conventional incision,blepharoplasty with palpebral margin incision has the same results but with lighter impairment,milder hydropsia and more inconspicuous scar.The key point of this procedure is the fixation of dermis and tarsal plate,keeping a good radian of double eyelid line.

Colonic Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Digestive System Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Humans ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; methods ; Rectal Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Stomach Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods